A new omomyid primate from the earliest Eocene of southern England: First phase of microchoerine evolution

• Autorzy: Hooker J.J.
• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

EN

A second species of the microchoerine omomyid genus Melaneremia, M. schrevei sp. nov. is described. It has been collected from the upper shelly clay unit of the Woolwich Formation, earliest Ypresian, Eocene, of Croydon, Greater London, UK. Phylogenetic analysis shows M. schrevei to be the most primitive member of the main clade of the Microchoerinae and demonstrates the initial dental evolution that separated this European subfamily from other omomyids. Calibration of the Woolwich upper shelly clay unit to the later part of the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum shows that speciation leading to the Microchoerinae took place within 170 ky of the beginning of the Eocene. Tentative identification of M. schrevei in the Conglomérat de Meudon of the Paris Basin suggests close time correlation with the upper part of the Woolwich Formation.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

new primate; omomyid primate; Eocene; England; microchoerine; evolution; Mammalia; Primates; Melaneremia; phylogenesis; Paleocene; Woolwich Formation

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
• Rocznik: 2012
• Tom: 57
• Numer: 3
• Opis fizyczny: p.449-462,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Hooker J.J.

• Department of Palaeontology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, U.K.

Bibliografia

• Bajpai, S., Kapur, V.V., Thewissen, J.G.M., Das, D.P., Tiwari, B.N., Sharma, R., and Saravanan, N. 2005. Early Eocene primates from Vastan Lignite Mine, Gujarat, western India. Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India 50: 43–54.
• Beard, K.C. 1987. Jemezius, a new omomyid primate from the early Eocene of northwestern New Mexico. Journal of Human Evolution 16: 457–468.
• Beard, K.C. 2008a. The oldest North American primate and mammalian biogeography during the Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105: 3815–3818.
• Beard, K.C. 2008b. Reply to Gingerich et al.: Oldest North American primate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105: E31.
• Beard, K.C. and Dawson, M.R. 2001. Early Wasatchian mammals from the Gulf Coastal Plain of Mississippi: biostratigraphic and paleobiogeographic implications. In: G.F. Gunnell (ed.), Eocene Biodiversity: Unusual Occurrences and Rarely Sampled Habitats, 75–94. Kluwer Academic/Plenum, New York.
• Beard, K.C. and Dawson, M.R. 2009. Early Wasatchian mammals of the Red Hot local fauna, uppermost Tuscahoma Formation, Lauderdale County, Mississippi. Annals of Carnegie Museum 78: 193–243.
• Beard, K.C., Krishtalka, L., and Stucky, R.K. 1992. Revision of the Wind River faunas, Early Eocene of central Wyoming. Part 12, new species of omomyid primates (Mammalia: Primates: Omomyidae) and omomyid taxonomic composition across the Early–Middle Eocene boundary. Annals of Carnegie Museum 61: 39–62.
• Bloch, J.I., Silcox, M.T., Boyer, D.M., and Sargis, E.J. 2007. New Paleocene skeletons and the relationship of plesiadapiforms to crown−clade primates. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104: 1159–1164.
• Bown, T.M. 1976. Affinities of Teilhardina (Primates, Omomyidae) with description of a new species from North America. Folia Primatologica 25: 62–72.
• Bown, T.M. and Rose, K.D. 1984. Reassessment of some early Eocene Omomyidae, with description of a new genus and three new species. Folia Primatologica 43: 97–112.
• Bown, T.M. and Rose, K.D. 1987. Patterns of dental evolution in early Eocene anaptomorphine primates (Omomyidae) from the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming. Journal of Paleontology 61 (5 supplement) (Paleontological Society Memoir 23): 1–162.
• Bremer, K. 1994. Branch support and tree stability.Cladistics 10: 295–304.
• Bujak, J.P. and Brinkhuis, H. 1998. Global warming and dinocyst changes across the Paleocene/Eocene Epoch boundary. In: M.−P. Aubry, S.G. Lucas, and W.A. Berggren (eds.), Late Paleocene–Early Eocene Climatic and Biotic Events in the Marine and Continental Records, 277–295. Columbia University Press, New York.
• Butler, P.M. 1980. The tupaiid dentition. In: W.P. Luckett (ed.), Comparative Biology and Evolutionary Relationships of Tree Shrews, 171–204. Plenum, New York.
• Clemens, W.A. 2004. Purgatorius(Plesiadapiformes, Primates?, Mammalia), a Paleocene immigrant into northeastern Montana: stratigraphic occurrences and incisor proportions. Bulletin of Carnegie Museum of Natural History 36: 3–13.
• Clyde, W.C., Sheldon, N.D., Koch, P.L., Gunnell, G.F., and Bartels, W.S. 2001. Linking the Wasatchian/Bridgerian boundary to the Cenozoic Global Climate Optimum: new magnetostratigraphic and isotopic results from South Pass, Wyoming. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 167: 175–199.
• Collinson, M.E., Hooker, J.J., and Gröcke, D. 2003. Cobham Lignite Bed and penecontemporaneous macrofloras of southern England: a record of vegetation and fire across the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum. In: S.L. Wing, P.D. Gingerich, B. Schmitz, and E. Thomas (eds.), Causes and consequences of globally warm climates in the early Paleogene. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 369: 333–349.
• Collinson, M.E., Steart, D.C., Harrington, G.J., Hooker, J.J., Scott, A.C., Allen, L.O., Glasspool, I.J., and Gibbons, S.J. 2009. Palynological evidence of vegetation dynamics in response to palaeoenvironmental change across the onset of the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum at Cobham, Southern England. Grana 48: 38–66.
• Dashzeveg, D. and McKenna, M.C. 1977. Tarsioid primate from the early Tertiary of the Mongolian People’s Republic. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 22: 119–137.
• Fahlbusch, V. 1995. Ein neuer Primate (Mammalia, Omomyidae) aus dem marinen Ober−Eozän des inneralpinen Tertiärs von Oberaudorf nördlich Kufstein. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Abhandlungen 198: 15–26.
• Filhol, H. 1873. Sur un nouveau genre de lémurien fossile, récemment découvert dans les gisements de phosphate de chaux du Quercy. Comptes Rendus hebdomadaires des Séances de l’Académie des Sciences 77: 1111–1112.
• Filhol, H. 1890. Description d’une nouvelle espèce de lémurien fossile. Bulletin de la Société Philomathique de Paris 8, 2: 39–40.
• Frederiksen, N.O., Gibson, T.G., and Bybell, L.M. 1982. Paleocene–Eocene boundary in the eastern Gulf Coast. Transactions of the Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies 32: 289–294.
• Gingerich, P.D. 1993. Early Eocene Teilhardina brandti: oldest omomyid primate from North America. Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, the University of Michigan 28: 321–326.
• Gingerich, P.D., Dashzeveg, D., and Russell, D.E. 1991. Dentition and systematic relationships of Altanius orlovi (Mammalia, Primates) from the early Eocene of Mongolia. Geobios 24: 637–646.
• Gingerich, P.D., Rose, K.D., and Smith, T. 2008. Oldest North American primate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105: E30.
• Godinot, M., Russell, D.E., and Louis, P. 1992. Oldest known Nannopithex (Primates, Omomyiformes) from the Early Eocene of France. Folia Primatologica 58: 32–40.
• Godinot, M., Galoyer, A., Russell, D., Smith, T., and Thiry, M. 1998. Stop 5—mammal−bearing conglomerate. Meudon section. In: M. Thiry and C. Dupuis (eds.), The Palaeocene/Eocene Boundary in Paris Basin: the Sparnacian Deposits. Field Trip Guide. Mémoires des Sciences de la Terre, Ecole des Mines de Paris 34: 79–84.
• Gunnell, G.F. 1995. Omomyid primates (Tarsiiformes) from the Bridger Formation, middle Eocene, southern Green River Basin, Wyoming. Journal of Human Evolution 28: 147–187.
• Gunnell, G.F., Rose, K.D., and Rasmussen, D.T. 2008a. Euprimates. In: C.M. Janis, G.F. Gunnell, and M.D. Uhen (eds.), Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America, Vol. 2, 239–261. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
• Gunnell, G.F., Gingerich, P.D., Ul−Haq, M., Bloch, J.I., Khan, I.H., and Clyde, W.C. 2008b. New primates (Mammalia) from the Early and Middle Eocene of Pakistan and their paleobiogeographical implications. Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 32: 1–14.
• Gunnell, G.F., Murphy, P.C., Stucky, R.K., Townsend, K.E.B., Robinson, P., Zonneveld, J.−P., and Bartels, W.S. 2009. Biostratigraphy and biochronology of the latest Wasatchian, Bridgerian, and Uintan North American Land Mammal “Ages”. In: L.B. Albright III (ed.), Papers on Geology, Vertebrate Paleontology, and Biostratigraphy in Honor of Michael O. Woodburne. Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin 65: 279–330.
• Harrington, G.J. 2003a. Wasatchian (Early Eocene) pollen floras from the Red Hot Truck Stop, Mississippi, USA. Palaeontology 46: 725–738.
• Harrington, G.J. 2003b. Geographic patterns in the floral response to Paleocene–Eocene warming. In: S.L. Wing, P.D. Gingerich, B. Schmitz, and E. Thomas (eds.), Causes and Consequences of Globally Warm Climates in the Early Paleogene. Geological Society of America Special Papers 369: 381–393.
• Harrington, G.J. 2004. Structure of the North American vegetation gradient during the late Paleocene/early Eocene warm climate. Evolutionary Ecology Research 6: 33–48.
• Harrington G.J. and Jaramillo, C.A. 2007. Paratropical floral extinction in the Late Paleocene–early Eocene. Journal of the Geological Society, London 164: 323–332.
• Heller, F. 1930. Die Säugetierfauna der mitteleozänen Braunkohle des Geiseltales bei Halle a.S. Jahrbuch des Halleschen Verbands für die Erforschung der Mitteldeutschen Bodenschätze und ihrer Verwertung (NF) 9: 13–41.
• Hooker, J.J. 1996a. Mammalian biostratigraphy across the Paleocene–Eocene boundary in the Paris, London and Belgian basins. In: R.W.O’B. Knox, R.M. Corfield, and R.E. Dunay (eds.), Correlation of the Early Paleogene in Northwest Europe. Geological Society Special Publication 101: 205–218.
• Hooker, J.J. 1996b. Mammals from the Early (late Ypresian) to Middle (Lutetian) Eocene Bracklesham Group, southern England. Tertiary Research 16: 141–174.
• Hooker, J.J. 2001. Tarsals of the extinct insectivoran family Nyctitheriidae (Mammalia): evidence for archontan relationships. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 132: 501–529.
• Hooker, J.J. 2007. A new microchoerine omomyid (Primates, Mammalia) from the English Early Eocene and its palaeobiogeographical implications. Palaeontology 50: 739–756.
• Hooker, J.J. 2010. The mammal fauna of the Early Eocene Blackheath Formation of Abbey Wood, London. Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society, London 164 (publication no. 634): 1–162.
• Hooker, J.J. and Harrison, D.L. 2008. A new clade of omomyid primates from the European Paleogene. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28: 826–840.
• Hooker, J.J., Collinson, M.E., Lawson, A.G., Tracey, S., and Skipper, J.A. 2009. The Woolwich Formation of Croydon, S. London, UK: a PETM fauna and flora rediscovered. In: E.M. Crouch, C.P. Strong, and C.J. Hollis (eds.), Climatic and Biotic Events of the Paleogene (CBEP 2009), Extended Abstracts from an International Conference in Wellington, New Zealand, 12–15 January 2009. GNS Science Miscellaneous Series 18: 78–81.
• Ingram, S.L. 1991. The Tuscahoma−Bashi section at Meridian, Mississippi: first notice of lowstand deposits above the Paleocene–Eocene TP2/TE1 sequence boundary. Mississippi Geology 11 (4): 9–14.
• Klaassen, H.M. 1883. On a section of the Lower London Tertiaries at Park Hill, Croydon. Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association 8: 226–248.
• Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis.Tenth edition, vol. 1. 824 pp. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm.
• Luterbacher, H.P., Ali, J.R., Brinkhuis, H., Gradstein, F.M., Hooker, J.J., Monechi, S., Ogg, J.G., Powell, J., Röhl, U., Sanfilippo, A., and Schmitz, B. 2004. The Paleogene Period. In: F.M. Gradstein, J.G. Ogg, and A.G. Smith (eds.), A Geologic Time Scale 2004, 384–408. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
• Lydekker, R. 1887. Catalogue of the fossil Mammalia in the British Museum, (Natural History), Part 5. British Museum (Natural History), London, 345 pp.
• Matthews, S.C. 1973. Notes on open nomenclature and on synonymy lists. Palaeontology 16: 713–719.
• Newton, E.T. 1883. Note on Coryphodon Remains from the Woolwich Beds of the Park Hill Section, Croydon. Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association 8: 250–254.
• Newton, E.T. 1886. On the remains of a gigantic species of bird (Gastornis klaasseni, n. sp.) from the Lower Eocene beds near Croydon. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 12: 143–160.
• Ni, X., Wang, Y., Hu, Y., and Li, Ch. 2004. A euprimate skull from the early Eocene of China. Nature 427: 65–68.
• Ni, X., Beard, K.C., Meng, J., Wang, Y., and Gebo, D.C. 2007. Discovery of the first early Cenozoic euprimate (Mammalia) from Inner Mongolia. American Museum Novitates 3571: 1–11.
• Pancost, R.D., Steart, D.S., Handley, L., Collinson, M.E., Hooker, J.J., Scott, A.C., Grassineau, N.V., and Glasspool, I.J. 2007. Increased terrestrial methane cycling at the Palaeocene/Eocene thermal maximum. Nature 449: 332–335.
• Robinson, P. 1966. Fossil Mammalia of the Huerfano Formation, Eocene, of Colorado. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 21: 1–95.
• Rose, K.D. 2006. The Beginning of the Age of Mammals. 428 pp. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
• Rose, K.D. 2008. Plagiomenidae and Mixodectidae. In: C.M. Janis, G.F. Gunnell, and M.D. Uhen (eds.), Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America, Vol. 2, 198–206. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
• Rose, K.D. and Bown, T.M. 1986. Gradual evolution and species discrimination in the fossil record. Contributions to Geology, University of Wyoming, Special Papers 3: 119–130.
• Rose, K.D. and Bown, T.M. 1991. Additional fossil evidence on the differentiation of the earliest euprimates. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 88: 98–101.
• Rose, K.D. and Krause, D.W. 1984. Affinities of the primate Altanius from the early Tertiary of Mongolia. Journal of Mammalogy 65: 721–726.
• Rose, K.D., Rana, R.S., Sahni, A., Kumar, K., Missiaen, P., Singh, L., and Smith, T. 2009. Early Eocene primates from Gujarat, India. Journal of Human Evolution 56: 366–404.
• Russell, D.E. and Gingerich, P.D. 1980. Un nouveau primate omomyidé dans l’Eocène du Pakistan. Comptes Rendus hebdomadaires des Séances de l’Académie des Sciences (D) 291: 621–624.
• Schmidt−Kittler, N. 1971. Ein unteroligozäne Primatenfauna von Ehrenstein bei Ulm. Mitteilungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und historische Geologie 11: 171–204.
• Sigé, B. 1976. Insectivores primitifs de l’Eocène Supérieur et Oligocène Inférieur d’Europe occidentale. Nyctithériidés. Mémoires du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (NS) (C, Sciences de la terre) 34: 1–140.
• Silcox, M.T. 2003. New discoveries on the middle ear anatomy of Ignacius graybullianus (Paromomyidae, Primates) from ultra high resolution X−ray computed tomography. Journal of Human Evolution 44: 73–86.
• Simpson, G.G. 1940. Studies on the earliest primates. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 77: 185–212.
• Sluijs, A., Bowen, G.J., Brinkhuis, H., Lourens, L.J., and Thomas, E. 2007a. The Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum super greenhouse: biotic and geochemical signatures, age models and mechanisms of global change. In: M. Williams, A.M. Haywood, F.J. Gregory, and D.N.
• Schmidt (eds.), Deep−Time Perspectives on Climate Change: Marrying the Signal from Computer Models and Biological Proxies, 323–349. The Micropalaeontological Society, Special Publications, The Geological Society, London.
• Sluijs, A., Brinkhuis, H., Schouten, S., Bohaty, S.M., John, C.M., Zachos, J.C., Reichart, G.–J., Sinninghe Damsté, J.S., Crouch, E.M., and Dickens, G.R. 2007b. Environmental precursors to rapid light carbon injection at the Palaeocene/Eocene boundary. Nature 450: 1218–1222.
• Smith, T., Rose, K.D., and Gingerich, P.D. 2006. Rapid Asia–Europe–North America geographic dispersal of earliest Eocene primate Teilhardina during the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103: 11223–11227.
• Stehlin, H.G. 1916. Die Säugetiere des schweizerischen Eocaens. Critischer Catalog der materialien. Caenopithecus–Necrolemur–Microchoerus–Nannopithex–Anchomomys–Periconodon–Amphichiromys–Heterochiromys–Nachträge zu Adapis–Schlussbetrachtungen zu den Primaten. Abhandlungen Schweizerischen Paläontologischen Gesellschaft 41: 1299–1552.
• Steurbaut, E., De Coninck, J., Roche, E., and Smith, T. 1999. The Dormaal Sands and the Palaeocene/Eocene boundary in Belgium. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 170: 217–227.
• Swofford, D.L. 2002. PAUP*. Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (*and other methods). Version 4. Sinauer, Sunderland.
• Szalay, F.S. 1976. Systematics of the Omomyidae (Tarsiiformes, Primates) taxonomy, phylogeny, and adaptations. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 156: 157–449.
• Teilhard de Chardin, P. 1927. Les mammifères de l’Eocène inférieur de la Belgique. Mémoires du Musée Royal d’Histoire Naturelle de Belgique 36: 1–33.
• Thalmann, U. 1994. Die Primaten aus dem eozänen Geiseltal bei Halle/Saale (Deutschland). Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 175: 1–161.
• Ting, S.−Y., Tong, Y.−S., Clyde, W.C., Koch, P.L., Meng, J., Wang, Y.−Q., Bowen, G.J., Li, Q., and Snell, F.E. 2011. Asian early Paleogene chronology and mammalian faunal turnover events. Vertebrata Palasiatica 49: 1–28.
• Tornow, M.A. 2008. Systematic analysis of the Eocene primate family Omomyidae using gnathic and postcranial data. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 49: 43–129.
• Trouessart, E.L. 1879. Catalogue des mammifères vivants et fossiles. Insectivores. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée, Paris (3) 7: 219–285.
• Van Valen, L. and Sloan, R.E. 1965. The earliest primates. Science 150: 743–745.
• Wood, S.V. 1844. Record of the discovery of an alligator with several new mammalia in the freshwater strata at Hordwell. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 1, 14: 349–351.