Yields and biological value of three herbal species from the Lamiaceae family

• Autorzy: Dzida K. , Zawislak G. , Karczmarz K.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Lemon balm, garden sage and common thyme are herbal species possessing versatile medicinal properties. They are also used as spices for culinary purposes. In the Polish climate, despite being perennial, these herbs usually grow on plantations for a year. The reason is their tendency to develop more lignified lower parts of stems, which in consequence depreciates the quality of yield and make the plants more sensitive to spring frost when there is no snow cover. The study aimed at evaluating the yielding of three herbal species (lemon balm, garden sage and common thyme) grown from seedlings in south-eastern Poland. Another objective was to determine the content of essential oils and minerals in raw material against the backdrop of the weather conditions during the growing season. The plant height was determined before harvest. Herbs were cut at the beginning of flowering, i.e. mid-July (lemon balm) and mid-August (common thyme); garden sage does not flower in the first year, hence the herb was cut at the end of August. Weight of fresh herbage was determined after the harvest, while air-dried herbage weight, ground herbage weight (for common thyme) and air-dried leaf weight (for lemon balm and garden sage) were assessed after drying under natural conditions. The content of essential oils was evaluated in dried material according to the applicable method descibed in Pharmacopoeia. Quantities of total nitrogen, ammonia, nitrates, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur were also determined in the harvested material. The height of lemon balm, garden sage and common thyme plants depended on the rainfall sum. Herbs grew higher in the years characterized by larger sums of atmospheric precipitations from May till July. Rainfalls also significantly affected the yields of fresh lemon balm, garden sage and common thyme herbs. In 2006, a year with less atmospheric precipitation, considerably more total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur accumulated in lemon balm leaves. More total nitrogen in garden sage and common thyme, ammonia in garden sage leaves as well as calcium in common thyme herb were found as well.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Melissa officinalis; Salvia officinalis; Thymus vulgaris; yield; essential oil; macroelement; biological value; herb; Lamiaceae

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Journal of Elementology
• Rocznik: 2015
• Tom: 20
• Numer: 2
• Opis fizyczny: p.273-283,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Dzida K.

• Chair of Cultivation and Fertilization of Horticultural Plants, University of Life Science in Lublin, 58 Leszczynski Street, 20-068 Lublin, Poland

autor

Zawislak G.

• Chair of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Science in Lublin, Lublin, Poland

autor

Karczmarz K.

• The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland

Bibliografia

• Adams R.P. 2001. Identification of essential oil compounds by gas chromatography/ quadrupole mass spectroscopy. Allured: Carol Stream, IL.
• Anicic N.V., Dimitrijevic S. Ristic M.S., Petrovic S.S., Petrovic S.D. 2005. Antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Melissa officinalis L., Lamiaceae. Hemijska Industrija, 59(9/10): 243-247.
• Aska ri F., Sefidkon F. 2004. Essential oil composition of Melissa officinalis L. from different regions. Iran. J. Med. Arom. Plants Res., 20(2): 229-237, 239.
• Asllan i U., Toska V. 2003. Chemical composition of Albanian thyme oil (Thymus vulgaris L.). J. Essent. Oil Res., 15: 165-167.
• Basta A., Tzak ou O., Couladis M. 2005. Composition of the leaves essential oil of Melissa officinalis L. from Greece. Flavour Fragr., J. 20: 642-644.
• Dzida K. 2007. Influence of varied nitrogen-potassium fertilization on yield, essential oil content and mineral composition at garden thyme herb (Thymus vulgaris L.). Herba Pol., 53(3): 146-151.
• Dzida K., Jarosz Z. 2006. Yields and chemical composition of garden majoram (Origanum majorana L.) depending on nitrogen and potassium fertilization. Acta Agroph., 7(3): 561-566. (in Polish)
• Horváth G., Szabó L.G., Héthelyi É., Lemberkovics É. 2006. Essential oil composition of three cultivated Thymus chemotypes from Hungary. J. Essent. Oil Res., 18: 315-317.
• Klimek B., Majda T., Góra J., Patora J. 2000. Analyses of essential oils from catnip (Nepeta cataria L. var. citriodora) compared with essential oil from lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.). Herba Pol., 4: 226-234. (in Polish)
• Kołodziej B. 2009. Effect of the way a plantation is set up and fertilized on the yield and quality of common thyme.. Ann. UMCS, Sect. E, Agric., 2: 1-7. (in Polish)
• Kołodziej B. 2010. Growing herbs. PWRiL, Poznań. (in Polish)
• Martyniak -Przybyszewska B. 2005. Growth and yield of some spice plants. Zesz. Nauk. Akad. Rol. Wroc. Rol., 515: 347-351. (in Polish)
• Martyniak -Przybyszewska B., Wojciechowski T. 2004. Yields of some spice plant species grown around Olsztyn. . Fol. Univ. Agric. Stetin. Agricult., 239(95): 245-248. (in Polish)
• Mimica-Dukic N., Bozin B., Sokovic M., Simin N. 2004. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Melissa officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) essential oil. J. Agric. Food Chem., 52: 2485-2489.
• Mrlian ova M., Tekel’ova D., Felklova M., Renöhl V., Tóth J. 2002. The influence of the harvest cut height on the quality of the herbal drugs Melissae folium and Melissae herba. Planta Med., 68: 178-180.
• Nowosielski O. 1988. Guidelines for developing fertilization recommendations. PWRiL, Warszawa. (in Polish)
• Özcan M.M., Akbulut M. 2007. Estimation of minerals, nitrate and nitrite contents of medicinal and aromatic plants used as spices, condiments and herbal tea. Food Chem., 106: 852-858.
• Özcan M. 2004. Mineral contents of some plants used as condiments in Turkey. Food Chem., 84: 437-440.
• Özcan M.M., Ünv er A., Uçar Y., Arsan D. 2008. Mineral content of some herbs and herbal teas by infusion and decoration. Food Chem., 106: 1120-1127.
• Polish Pharmacopoeia VI. 2002. Polskie Towarzystwo Farmaceutyczne, Warszawa.
• Raa l A., Arak E., Orav A. 2005. Comparative chemical composition of the essentials oil of Thymus vulgaris L. from different geographical sources. Herba Pol., 51(1/2): 10-17.
• Sarac N., Ugur A. 2007. Antimicrobial activities and usage in folkloric medicine of some Lamiaceae species growing in Mugla, Turkey. EurAsian J. BioSci, 4: 28-37.
• Sari A.O., Ceylan A. 2002. Yield characteristics and essential oil composition of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) grown in the Aegean Region of Turkey. Turk J. Agric. For., 26: 217-224.
• Seidler-Łożykowska K. 2007. Effect of weather conditions on the content of essential oil in plant material from common thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and garden majoram (Origanum majorana L.). Rocz. AR Poznań, Ogrodn., 41: 605-608.
• Seidler-Łożykowska K, Golcz A, Wójcik J. 2008. Field and quality of sweet basil, savory, marjoram and thyme raw materiale from organic cultivation on the composted manure. J. Res. Appl. Agric. Engin., 53(4): 63-66.
• Seidler-Łożykowska K., Kozik E., Golcz A., Mieloszyk E. 2006. Microelements and essential oil content in the raw material of the selected medicinal plant species from organic cultivation. J. Res. Appl. Agric. Engin., 51(2): 161-16.
• Sharafzadeh S., Khosh-Khui M., Jav idnia K. 2011. Effect of natrients on essential oil components, pigments and total phenolic content of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.). Adv. Environ. Biol., 5(4): 639-646.
• Szyszkowska A., Koper J., Szczerba J., Puławska M., Zajdel D. 2010. The use medicinal plants in dental treatment. Herba Pol., 56(1): 97-107.
• Veličović D.T., Ristić M.S., Ran djelović N.V., Šmelcerović A.A. 2002. Chemical composition and antimicrobial characteristic of the essential oils obtained from the flower, leaf and stem of Salvia officinalis L. Originating from Southeast Serbia. J. Essent. Oil Res., 14: 453-458.
• Zawiślak G. 2000. Analysis of the chemical composition of essential oil in herbage of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) of cv. Bona in the first year of cultivation. Ann. UMCS, Sect. EEE, Hortic. Suppl., 8: 447-452. (in Polish)
• Zawiślak G. 2003. Assessment of the yields of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) in the second year of cultivation. Acta Sci. Pol. Hort. Cult., 2(2): 85-90. (in Polish)
• Zawiślak G. 2006. Growth and yields of sage (Salvia officinalis L.)and common thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) in north-eastern Poland. Fol. Hort. Supl., 2: 211-218. (in Polish)
• Zawiślak G. 2007. Analysis of chemical composition of essential oil in the herb of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) grown in south – eastern Poland. Herba Pol., 5(3): 241-245.
• Zawiślak G., Dzida K. 2010. Yield and quality of sweet marjoram herb depending on harvest time. Acta Sci. Pol. Hort. Cult., 9(1): 65-72.
• Zawiślak G., Dyduch J. 2006. The analysis of the content and chemical composition of essential oil in the leaves of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) cv. Bona in the second year of cultivation. J. Essent. Oil Res., 18: 402-404.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.5601/ jelem.2014.19.4.616