Changes in blood acid-base balance parameters and coagulation profile during diarrhea in calves

• Autorzy: Sobiech P. , Rekawek W. , Ali M. , Targonski R. , Zarczynska K. , Snarska A. , Stopyra A.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The purpose of this study was to investigate possible alterations in acid-base balance parameters and the coagulation profile in neonatal diarrheic calves. Twenty neonatal diarrheic and 20 clinically healthy neonatal calves aged between 1 week to 10 days were used. All blood samples were taken on the third day from the onset of diarrhea symptom. Venous blood samples were collected from each animal to determine platelet numbers, pH, pCO₂, pO₂, HCO₃⁻, BE, O₂SAT, ctCO₂ and electrolytes (K⁺, Na⁺ and Cl⁻). Plasma samples were collected from each animal for the measurement of prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), the concentrations of fibrinogen, D-dimer and the activity of antithrombin III (AT III). Blood pH (7.19), BE (-10.6 mmol/l), HCO₃⁻ (25.15 mmol/l), pO₂ (3.33 kPa), O₂SAT (24.12 %) were significantly lower and serum concentration of K⁺ (6.55 mmol/l) was significantly higher in diarrheic calves. These changes indicate the state of uncompensated metabolic acidosis with accompanying hyperkalemia. TT (32.05s) and APTT (39.9s) values were more prolonged in calves with diarrhea than in the control group. D-dimer (587.25 μg/l) concentrations were significantly increased while a visible drop in AT III (103.75%) activity and platelets counts (598 x10⁹/l) were observed in diarrheic group of calves. The results suggest that a consumptive type of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) developed in diarrheic calves.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
• Rocznik: 2013
• Tom: 16
• Numer: 3
• Opis fizyczny: p.543-549,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Sobiech P.

• Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland

autor

Rekawek W.

• Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland

autor

Ali M.

• Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Al- Shamla 15, 62511 Beni-Suef, Egypt

autor

Targonski R.

• Department of Cardiology, City Hospital, Niepodległości 44, Olsztyn, Poland

autor

Zarczynska K.

• Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland

autor

Snarska A.

• Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland

autor

Stopyra A.

• Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland

Bibliografia

• Abubakar I, Irvine L, Aldus CF, Wyatt GM, Fordham R, Schelenz S, Shepstone L, Howe A, Peck M, Hunter PR (2007) A systematic review of the clinical, public health and cost-effectiveness of rapid diagnostic tests for the detection and identification of bacterial intestinal pathogens in faeces and food. Health Technol Assess 36: 1-216.
• Bazeley K (2003) Investigation of diarrhoea in the neonatal calf. In Practice 25: 152-159.
• Bellino C, Arnaudo F, Biolatti C, Borrelli A, Gianella P, Maurella C, Zabaldano G, Cagnasso A, D’Angelo A (2012) Development of a diagnostic diagram for rapid field assessment of acidosis severity in diarrheic calves. J Am Vet Med Assoc 240: 312-316.
• Bick RL (1996) Disseminated intravascular coagulation: objective clinical and laboratory diagnosis, treatment, and assessment of therapeutic response. Semin Thromb Hemost 22: 69- 88.
• Breen PH (2001) Arterial blood gas and pH analysis. Clinical approach and interpretation. Anesthesiol Clin N A 19: 885-906.
• Constable PD, Grunberg W (2013) Hyperkalemia in diarrheic calves: implications for diagnosis and treatment. Vet J 195: 271-272.
• Dąbrowska J, Wiśniewski E, Krumrych W, Rożek W, Janiszewski J (2000) State of the coagulation system in horses infected with equine influenza virus. Med Weter 56: 172-176.
• De Laforcade A (2012) Diseases associated with thrombosis. Top Companion Anim Med 27: 59-64.
• Ewaschuk JB, Naylor JM, Palmer R, Whiting SJ, Zello GA (2004) D-lactate production and excretion in diarrheic calves. J Vet Intern Med 18: 744-747.
• Gando S, Kameue T, Nanzaki S, Nakanishi Y (1996) Disseminated intravascular coagulation is a frequent complication of systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Thromb Haemost 75: 224-228.
• Gokce G, Gokce HI, Erdogan HM, Gunes V, Citil M (2006) Investigation of the coagulation profile in calves with neonatal diarrhoea. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 30: 223-227.
• Gokce HI, Gokce G, Cihan M (2007) Alterations in coagulation profiles and biochemical and haematological parameters in cattle with traumatic reticuloperitonitis. Vet Res Commun 31: 529-537.
• Green, EM, Adams HR (1992) New perspectives in circulary shock: pathophysiologic mediators of the mammalian response to endotoxemia and sepsis. J Am Vet Med Assoc 200: 1834-1841.
• Grove-White DH, Michell AR (2001) Comparison of the measurement of total carbon dioxide and strong ion difference for the evaluation of metabolic acidosis in diarrhoeic calves. Vet Rec 148: 365-370.
• Grove-White DH (2004) A rational approach to treatment of calf diarrhoea. Irish Vet J 57: 722-728.
• Idell S (2003) Coagulation, fibrinolysis and fibrin deposition in acute lung injury. Crit Care Med 31: S213-220.
• Irmak K, Turgut K (2005) Disseminated intravascular coagulation in cattle with abomasal displacement. Vet Res Commun 29: 61-68.
• Irmak K, Sen I, Col R, Birdane FM, Guzelbektes H, Civelek T, Yilmaz A, Turgut K (2006) The evaluation of coagulation profiles in calves with suspected septic shock. Vet Res Commun 30: 497-503.
• Levi M (2013) Pathogenesis and management of peripartum coagulopathic calamities (disseminated intravascular coagulation and amniotic fluid metabolism). Thromb Res 131: S32-S34.
• Levi M, Van der Poll T, Ten Cate H, Van Deventer SJ (1997) The cytokine-mediated imbalance between coagulant and anticoagulant mechanisms in sepsis and endotoxaemia. Eur J Clin Invest 27: 3-9.
• Levi M, De Jonge E, Van Der Poll T, Ten Cate H (1999) Disseminated intravascular coagulation. Thromb Haemost 82: 695-705.
• Lofstedt J, Dahoo IR, Duizer G (1999) Model to predict septicemia in diarrheic calves. J Vet Intern Med 13: 81-88.
• Mammen EF (2000) Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Clin Lab Sci 13: 239-245.
• Matyszczak L, Niedźwiedź A, Pasławska U, Nicpoń J, Sikorska A (2008) D-dimer as an indicator of intravascular clotting in horses and dogs. Med Weter 64: 272-275.
• Minamikawa K, Wada H, Wakita Y, Ohiwa M, Tanigawa M, Deguchi K, Hiraoka N, Huzioka H, Nishioka J, Hayashi T (1994) Increased activated protein C-protein C inhibitor complex levels in patients with pulmonary embolism. Thromb Haemost 71: 192-194.
• Moore JN, Morris DD (1992) Endotoxemia and septicemia in horses: experimental and clinical correlates. J Am Vet Med Assoc 200: 1903-1914.
• Morris DD (1990) Alterations in the clotting profile. In: Smith Bp (ed) Large Animal Internal Medicine. The CV Mosby Company, Philadelphia, pp 445-451.
• Okajima K, Uchiba M (1998) The anti-inflammatory properties of antithrombin III: new therapeutic implications. Semin Thromb Hemost 24: 27-32.
• Otto CM, Rieser TM, Brooks MB, Russel MW (2000) Evidence of hypercoagulability in dogs with parvoviral enteritis. J Am Vet Med Assoc 217: 1500-1504.
• Pusterla M, Braun U, Forrer R, Lutz H (1997) Antithrombin -III activity in plasma of healthy and sick cattle. Vet Rec 140: 17-18.
• Radwińska J (2010) Effect of the BVD-MD virus on coagulation and fibrinolytic systems in dairy cows. Bull Vet Inst Pulawy 54: 293-298.
• Ralph AG, Brainard BM (2012) Update on disseminated intravascular coagulation: when to consider it, when to expect it, when to treat it. Top Companion Anim Med 27: 65-72.
• Sandholm M, Vidovic A, Puotunen-Reinert A, Sankari S, Nyholm K, Rita H (1995) D-dimer improves the prognostic value of combined clinical and laboratory data in equine gastrointestinal colic. Acta Vet Scand 36: 255-272.
• Sobiech P, Radwińska J, Krystkiewicz W, Snarska A, Stopyra A (2008) Changes in the coagulation profile of cattle with left abomasal displacement. Pol J Vet Sci 11: 301-306.
• Sobiech P, Targoński R, Stopyra A, Żarczyńska K (2011) Changes in the blood coagulation profile after ovariohysterectomy in female dogs. Pol J Vet Sci 14: 289-290.
• Ten Cate H (1999) Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of DIC. Sepsis 3: 147-151.
• Ulutas B, Sahal M (2005) Urinary GGT/creatinine ratio and fractional excretion of electrolytes in diarrhoeic calves. Acta Vet Hung 53: 351-359.
• Wada H (2004) Disseminated intravascular coagulation. Clin Chim Acta 344: 13-21.
• Zbanyszek M, Procajło A, Stopyra A, Sobiech P, Rajski K (2004) The coagulation system in horses with colic. Pol J Vet Sci 7: 53-58.