Comparison of yield and morphological characters of rhubarb (Rheum rhaponticum L.) ‘Karpow Lipskiego’ plants propagated in vitro and by conventional methods

• Autorzy: Salata A. , Kozak D.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Porównanie plonowania oraz cech morfologicznych roślin rabarbaru (Rheum rhaponticum L.) ‘Karpow Lipskiego’ rozmnażanego in vitro oraz metodami tradycyjnymi

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The present study investigated different methods of propagation of the rhubarb cultivar ‘Karpow Lipskiego’: vegetatively from tissue cultures and by division of the mother plant as well as generatively from seed. The study also evaluated the usefulness of propagation material for establishing a rhubarb plantation. To produce in vitro plantlets, shoots were placed on modified Murashige and Skoog medium containing different cytokinins: benzyladenine (BA – 4.4, 11.1, 22.2 μmol·dm-3), kinetin (4.7, 11.6, 23.3 μmol·dm-3), isopentenyl adenine (2iP – 4.9, 12.3, 24.4 μmol·dm-3) as well as on control medium without growth regulators. Cuttings were obtained by division of crowns, while seedlings from seeds. In the period 2004–2006, vegetatively and generatively propagated plants were grown in a nursery. The obtained propagation material was used to establish a rhubarb plantation. Yield of field-grown plants was evaluated in the years 2007–2009. In the first year of cultivation in the nursery, plants propagated in vitro in the medium with the addition of kinetin at a concentration of 11.6 ȝmol dm-3 or 2iP at 12.3 ȝmol dm-3 developed crowns with the highest average weight of 1.48 and 1.05 kg, respectively. In the second year of cultivation in the nursery in the treatment with grown regulators applied, the average rhubarb crown weight ranged from 2.51 to 3.33 kg, while for the control treatment it was 1.78 kg. To characterize the population of in vitro plants, they were compared with plants obtained by division of the mother plant and from seeds. Plants propagated vegetatively from in vitro plantlets produced crowns with the highest average weight (0.83 kg), followed by those obtained from division of mother plants (0.79 kg), while plants produced from seeds had crowns with a much lower average weight (0.54 kg). In the second year of cultivation in the nursery, vegetatively and generatively propagated plants were characterized by a similar size and greater uniformity than in the first year. In the first year of planting (2007), petiole yield obtained from micropropagated plants was higher by 0.7 kg·plant-1 compared to generatively propagated plants, whereas in the second year of cultivation this difference was smaller and amounted to 0.6 kg· plant-1. In the third year of the plantation, plant productivity was more equal. During the study years, by far fewer leaves were harvested from generatively propagated plants compared to plants propagated The present study investigated different methods of propagation of the rhubarb cultivar ‘Karpow Lipskiego’: vegetatively from tissue cultures and by division of the mother plant as well as generatively from seed. The study also evaluated the usefulness of propagation material for establishing a rhubarb plantation. To produce in vitro plantlets, shoots were placed on modified Murashige and Skoog medium containing different cytokinins: benzyladenine (BA – 4.4, 11.1, 22.2 μmol·dm-3), kinetin (4.7, 11.6, 23.3 μmol·dm-3), isopentenyl adenine (2iP – 4.9, 12.3, 24.4 μmol·dm-3) as well as on control medium without growth regulators. Cuttings were obtained by division of crowns, while seedlings from seeds. In the period 2004–2006, vegetatively and generatively propagated plants were grown in a nursery. The obtained propagation material was used to establish a rhubarb plantation. Yield of field-grown plants was evaluated in the years 2007–2009. In the first year of cultivation in the nursery, plants propagated in vitro in the medium with the addition of kinetin at a concentration of 11.6 ȝmol dm-3 or 2iP at 12.3 ȝmol dm-3 developed crowns with the highest average weight of 1.48 and 1.05 kg, respectively. In the second year of cultivation in the nursery in the treatment with grown regulators applied, the average rhubarb crown weight ranged from 2.51 to 3.33 kg, while for the control treatment it was 1.78 kg. To characterize the population of in vitro plants, they were compared with plants obtained by division of the mother plant and from seeds. Plants propagated vegetatively from in vitro plantlets produced crowns with the highest average weight (0.83 kg), followed by those obtained from division of mother plants (0.79 kg), while plants produced from seeds had crowns with a much lower average weight (0.54 kg). In the second year of cultivation in the nursery, vegetatively and generatively propagated plants were characterized by a similar size and greater uniformity than in the first year. In the first year of planting (2007), petiole yield obtained from micropropagated plants was higher by 0.7 kg·plant-1 compared to generatively propagated plants, whereas in the second year of cultivation this difference was smaller and amounted to 0.6 kg· plant-1. In the third year of the plantation, plant productivity was more equal. During the study years, by far fewer leaves were harvested from generatively propagated plants compared to plants propagated vegetatively. In the second and third year of the plantation, intensive plant growth was observed; in effect, there were no significant relationships between petiole length and width and propagation method. The cultivation of vegetatively propagated plants gave the best effects in productivity; the average petiole yield was higher by 13.3 t·ha-1 in the case of micropropagation and by 16.0 t·ha-1 in the case of division of the mother plant compared to the yield obtained from rhubarb cultivation from seeds. Early yield at a level of 11.2 t·ha-1 was obtained from tissue cultured plants and its proportion accounted for 25% of total petiole yield.

PL

Badania dotyczyły różnych metod rozmnażania rabarbaru odmiany ‘Karpow Lipskiego’: wegetatywnie z kultur tkankowych oraz przez podział roślin matecznych i generatywnie z siewu nasion. Oceniano również przydatność materiału rozmnożeniowego do założenia plantacji rabarbaru. W celu wyprodukowania mikrosadzonek in vitro pędy wykładano na zmodyfikowaną pożywkę Murashige i Skooga zawierającą różne cytokininy: benzyloadeninę (BA – 4,4, 11,1, 22,2 μmol·dm-3), kinetynĊ (4,7, 11,6, 23,3 μmol·dm-3), izopentyloadeninę (2iP – 4,9, 12,3, 24,4 μmol·dm-3) oraz pożywkę kontrolną niezawierającą regulatorów wzrostu. Sadzonki otrzymano przez podział karp, a rozsadę z siewu nasion. W latach 2004–2006 rośliny otrzymane w wyniku rozmnażania wegetatywnego i generatywnego uprawiano w szkółce. Uzyskany materiał rozmnożeniowy wykorzystano do założenia plantacji rabarbaru. W latach 2007–2009 w uprawie polowej przeprowadzono ocenę plonowania. W pierwszym roku uprawy w szkółce karpy o największej średniej masie 1,48 i 1,05 kg wykształciły rośliny otrzymane in vitro z pożywki z dodatkiem kinetyny w stężeniu 11,6 ȝmol dm-3 oraz 2iP w stężeniu 12,3 ȝmol dm-3. W drugim roku uprawy w szkółce w przypadku zastosowanych fitohormonów średnia masa karpy rabarbaru zawierała się w przedziale od 2,51 do 3,33 kg, gdy z obiektu kontrolnego wynosiła 1,78 kg. Dla scharakteryzowania populacji roślin in vitro porównano je z roślinami otrzymanymi przez podział roślin matecznych i z nasion. Karpy o największej średniej masie wykształciwszy rośliny rozmnażane wegetatywnie: z mikrosadzonek (0,83 kg) i sadzonek uzyskanych przez podział roślin matecznych (0,79 kg), o zdecydowanie mniejszej średniej masie sadzonki otrzymane z nasion (0,54 kg). W drugim roku uprawy w szkółce rośliny otrzymane w wyniku rozmnażania wegetatywnego i generatywnego charakteryzowały się zbliżoną wielkością i większym wyrównaniem niż w pierwszym roku. W pierwszym roku prowadzenia uprawy (2007) większy plon ogonków liściowych o 0,7 kg·rośl.-1 zebrano z roślin otrzymanych z mikrosadzonek aniżeli z roślin rozmnażanych generatywnie, natomiast w drugim roku uprawy różnica ta była mniejsza i wynosiła 0,6 kg·rośl.-1. W trzecim roku prowadzenia plantacji plonowanie roślin było bardziej wyrównane. W latach prowadzenia badań z roślin rozmnażanych generatywnie zebrano zdecydowanie mniej liści w porównaniu z roślinami rozmnażanymi wegetatywnie. W drugim i trzecim roku prowadzenia plantacji obserwowano intensywny wzrost roślin, czego efektem był brak istotnych zależności pomiędzy długościową i szerokością ogonków liściowych a sposobem rozmnażania roślin. Najlepsze efekty plonowania dała uprawa roślin rozmnażanych wegetatywnie, z której plon średni ogonków liściowych był większy o 13,3 t·ha-1 w porównaniu z nieporozmnażaniem, oraz o 16,0 t·ha-1 przy podziale roślin matecznych w porównaniu z plonem uzyskanym w uprawie rabarbaru z nasion. Z uprawy roślin rozmnażanych za pomocą kultur tkankowych uzyskano plon wczesny na poziomie 11,2 t·ha-1, a jego udział stanowił 25% plonu ogółem ogonków liściowych.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus
• Rocznik: 2013
• Tom: 12
• Numer: 1
• Opis fizyczny: p.115-128,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Salata A.

• Department of Vegetables and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Leszczynskiego 58, 20-068 Lublin, Poland

autor

Kozak D.

• Department of Vegetables and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Leszczynskiego 58, 20-068 Lublin, Poland

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