Preliminary study of endophytic fungi in timothy (Phleum pratense) in Estonia

• Autorzy: Varvas T. , Kasekamp K. , Kullman B.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Timothy (Phleum pratense L.) is an important agricultural grass in Europe and North America, but there is little research into the occurrence and abundance of fungal endophyte species associated with this grass. The aim of this study was to identify fungal endophytes living within P. pratense and to determine if additional moisture applied during the growing season increases the diversity of endophytic fungi. We studied 58 isolates obtained from surface-sterilised blades of 60 P. pratense plants collected from Rõka Free Air Humidity Manipulation experimental plots (FAHM), Estonia. Morphological and molecular methods were used for isolate identification. As a result, 45 strains from 10 different taxa were identified, all belonging to Ascomycota. Five species were found to be new to P. pratense.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

endophytic fungi; fungi; timothy; Phleum pratense; agricultural grass; grass; isolate identification; Estonia

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Mycologica
• Rocznik: 2013
• Tom: 48
• Numer: 1
• Opis fizyczny: p.41-49,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Varvas T.

• Department of Mycology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia

autor

Kasekamp K.

• Department of Mycology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia

autor

Kullman B.

• Department of Mycology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia

Bibliografia

• An Z.Q., Liu J.S., Siegel M.R., Bunge G., Schardl C.L. 1992. Diversity and origins of endophytic fungal symbionts of the North American grass Festuca arizonica. Theor. Appl. Genet. 85: 366-371.
• Arnold A.E., Maynard Z., Gilbert G.S., Coley P.D., Kursar T.A. 2000. Are tropical endophytes hyperdiverse? Ecol. Let. 3: 267-274.
• Arnold A.E., Mejia L.C., Kyllo D., Rojas E., Maynard Z., Robbins N., Herre E.A. 2003. Fungal endophytes limit pathogen damage in a tropical tree. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100: 15649-15654.
• Arnold A.E., Lutzoni F. 2007. Diversity and host range of foliar fungal endophytes: are tropical leaves biodiversity hotspots? Ecology 88: 541-549.
• Azevedo J.L. 1998. Microorganismos endofíticos. Ecologia Microbiana, EMBRAPA, Jaguariuna.
• Bacon C.W., Hill N.S. 1996. Symptomless grass endophytes: products of coevolutionary symbioses and their role in the ecological adaptations of grasses. (In:) S.C. Redlin, L.M. Carris (eds). Endophytic fungi in grasses and woody plants: systematics, ecology, and evolution. APS Press, St Paul, MN, pp 155-178.
• Bier J. 1995. Relationship between transmission mode and mutualism in the grass-endophyte system. Dissertation, Indiana University.
• Bouton J.H., Gates R.N., Belesky D.P., Owsley M. 1993. Yield and persistence of tall fescue in the southeastern coastal plain after removal of its endophyte. Agron. J. 85: 52-55.
• Carroll G.C. 1988. Fungal endophytes in stems and leaves: from latent pathogen to mutualistic symbiont. Ecology 69: 2-9.
• Cheplick G.P., Perera A., Koulouris K. 2000. Effect of drought on the growth of Lolium perenne genotypes with and without fungal endophytes. Funct. Ecol. 14: 657-667.
• Clay K., Holah J. 1999. Fungal endophyte symbiosis and plant diversity in successional fields. Science 285: 1742–1745.
• Clay K., Schardl C. 2002. Evolutionary Origins and Ecological Consequences of Endophyte Symbiosis with Grasses. Am. Nat. 160: S99-S127.
• Dodd S., Ganley R., Bellgard S., Than D. 2010. Endophytes associated with Cirsium arvense - a step toward understanding their role in the success/failure of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum as a bioherbicide. (In.) S. M. Zydenbos (ed.) Proceedings of the 17th Australasian Weeds Conference, Christchurch, New Zealand 26-30 Sept 2010: 235-238.
• Domsch K.H., Gams W., Anderson T.H. 1980. Compendium of soil fungi. IHW-Verlag, Eching, Germany.
• Domsch, K.H., Gams W., Anderson T.H. 1993. Compendium of soil fungi. IHW-Verlag, Eching, Germany.
• Ellis M.B., Ellis J.P. 1997. Microfungi on Land Plants. An Identification Handbook. Richmond Publishing, Slough.
• Gardes M., Bruns T.D. 1993. ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes – application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Mol. Ecol. 2: 113-118.
• Guo L.D., Hyde K.D., Liew E.C.Y. 2000. Identification of endophytic fungi from Livistona chinensis based on morphology and rDNA sequences. New Phytol. 147 (3): 617-630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1469-8137.2000.00716.x
• Hata K., Futai K. 1995. Endophytic fungi associated with healthy pine needles and needles infested by the pine needle gall midge Thecodiplosis japonensis. Can. J. Bot. 73: 384-390.
• Huang W.Y., Cai Y.Z., Hyde K.D., Corke H., Sun M. 2008. Biodiversity of endophytic fungi associated with 29 traditional Chinese medicinal plants. Fungal Divers. 33: 61-75.
• Ing B. 1990. An introduction to British powdery mildews. The Mycologist 4: 46-48.
• Johnson J.M., Oelmüller R. 2009. Mutualism or parasitism: life in an unstable. What can we learn from the mutualistic interaction between Piriformospora indica and Arabidopsis thaliana? Endocyt. Cell. Res. 19: 81-111.
• Jumpponen A., Jones K.L. 2009. Massively parallel 454 sequencing indicates hyperdiverse fungal communities in temperate Quercus macrocarpa phyllosphere. New Phytol. 184: 438-448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1469-8137.2009.02990.x
• Kogel K.H., Franken P., Hückelhoven R. 2006. Endophyte or parasite – what decides? Curr. Opin. Plant. Biol. 9: 358-363.
• Kornerup A., Wanscher J.H. 1967. Methuen Handbook of Colour. 2nd ed. Methuen and Co. Ltd, London.
• Leslie J.F., Summerell B.A. 2006. The Fusarium Laboratory Manual. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Oxford.
• Lewis G.C., Ravel C., Naffaa W., Astier C., Charmet G. 1997. Occurrence of Acremonium endophytes in wild populations of Lolium spp. in European countries and a relationship between level of infection and climate in France. Ann. Appl. Biol. 130: 227-238.
• Malinowski D.P., Belesky D.P. 2000. Adaptations of endophyte-infected cool-season grasses to environmental stresses: mechanisms of drought and mineral stress tolerance. Crop. Sci. 40: 923-940.
• Marks S., Clay K. 1996. Physiological responses of Festuca arundinacea to fungal endophyte infection. New Phytol. 133: 727-733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1469-8137.1996.tb01941.x
• Márquez L.M., Redman R.S., Rodriguez R.J., Roossinck M.J. 2007. A virus in a fungus in a plant-three way symbiosis required for thermal tolerance. Science 315: 513-515.
• Meijer G., Leuchtmann A. 1999. Multistrain infections of the grass Brachypodium sylvaticum by its fungal endophyte Epichloë sylvatica. New Phytol. 141: 355-368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1469-8137.1999.00332.x
• New Crop Resource Online Program. Purdue University Center for New Crops and Plant Products, Indiana, USA. http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Phleum_pratense.html. Accessed: 11 February 2010.
• Osono T. 2008. Endophytic and epiphytic phyllosphere fungi of Camellia japonica: seasonal and leaf age-dependent variations. Mycologia 100: 387-391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3852%2F07-110R1
• Petrini O. 1986. Taxonomy of endophytic fungi of aerial plant tissues. (In:) N.J Fokkema, J. van den Heuvel (eds). Microbiology of the phyllosphere. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 175-187.
• Redlin S.C., Carris L. M. 1996. Endophytic fungi in grasses and woody plants. APS Press, The American Phytopathological Society Press, St. Paul, MN.
• Redman R.S., Dunigan D.D., Rodriguez R.J. 2001. Fungal symbiosis: from mutualism to parasitism, who controls the outcome, host or invader? New Phytol. 151: 705-716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.0028-646x.2001.00210.x
• Robert V., Stegehuis G., Stalpers J. 2005. The MycoBank engine and related databases. http://www.mycobank.org. Accessed 18 July 2009.
• Rosa L.H., Vaz A.B.M., Caligiorne R.B., Campolina S., Rosa C.A. 2009. Endophytic fungi associated with the Antarctic grass Deschampsia antarctica Desv. Polar Biol. 32: 161–167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00300-008-0515-z
• Sahay N.S., Varma A. 1999. Piriformospora indica: a new biological hardening tool for micropropagated plants. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 181: 297-302.
• Saikkonen K., Faeth S.H., Helander M., Sullivan T.J. 1998. Fungal endophytes: a continuum of interactions with host plants. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 29: 319-343.
• Salkin I.F., Martinez J.A., Kemna M.E. 1986. Opportunistic infection of the spleen caused by Aureobasidium pullulans. J. Clin. Microbiol. 23: 828-31.
• Sanchez Marquez S., Bills G.F., Domínguez Acuña L., Zabalgogeazcoa I. 2010. Endophytic mycobiota of leaves and roots of the grass Holcus lanatus. Fungal Divers. 41-1: 115-123.
• Schardl C.L., Leuchtmann A., Chung K.R., Penny D., Siegel M.R. 1997. Coevolution by common descent of fungal symbionts (Epichloë spp.) and grass hosts. Mol. Biol. Evol. 14: 133-143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Foxfordjournals.molbev.a025746
• Schulz B., Römmert A. K., Dammann U., Aust H.J., Strack D. 1999. The endophyte-host interaction: a balanced antagonism. Mycol. Res. 103: 1275-1283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017%2FS0953756299008540
• Tao G., Liu Z.Y., Hyde K.D., Lui X.Z., Yu Z.N. 2008. Whole rDNA analysis reveals novel and endophytic fungi in Bletilla ochracea (Orchidaceae). Fungal Divers. 33: 101-122.
• Varvas V., Kullman B. 2012. First records of two ascomycetes on Phleum pratense in Estonia. Folia Crypt. Est. 49: 73-76.
• Waipara N.W., di Menna M.E., Cole A. L.J., Skipp R.A. 1996. Potential pathogenicity of pasture plant root-colonising fungi to seedlings of legumes and grasses. New Zealand: 212-215.
• Waller F., Achatz B., Baltruschat H. 2005. The endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica reprograms barley to salt-stress tolerance, disease resistance, and higher yield. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102: 13386-13391.
• Zamora P., Martínez-Ruiz C., Diez J.J. 2008. Fungi in needles and twigs of pine plantations from northern Spain. Fungal Divers. 30: 171-184.