Health effects of changes in the structure of dietary macronutrients intake in Western societies

• Autorzy: Okreglicka K.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

A Western-type diet, characterized by a significant share of highly processed and refined foods and high content of sugars, salt, fat and protein from red meat, has been recognized as an important factor contributing to the development of metabolic disorders and the obesity epidemic around the world. Excessive body fat causes metabolic pathologies, such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cancer. According to the World Health Organization 1.5 billion adults are overweight, nearly 500 million are obese and 220 million suffer from type 2 diabetes. The Western-type diet is also associated with an increased incidence of chronic kidney disease. It is known that a combination of nutrients typical for this diet contributes to impaired renal function, renal steatosis and inflammation, hypertension and dysfunctional renal hormonal regulation. The Western diet is also associated with a chronic inflammatory process that is involved in all stages of atherosclerosis development and is increasingly recognized as a universal mechanism of various chronic degenerative diseases, such as autoimmune diseases, some neoplasms or osteoporosis. The present article is focused on the results of the most recent research investigating the effects of dietary macronutrients and the type of fatty acids on selected mechanisms associated with the occurrence of the most common diet-related diseases.

PL

Dieta typu zachodniego tzw. Western diet, charakteryzująca się wysoką zawartością produktów wysokoprzetworzonych, cukrów prostych, tłuszczu i białka pochodzącego z czerwonego mięsa oraz soli, została uznana za istotny czynnik przyczyniający się do powstawania zaburzeń metabolicznych i szerzenia się epidemii otyłości na świecie. Nadmierna masa tkanki tłuszczowej prowadzi do patologii metabolicznych, takich jak insulinooporność, cukrzyca typu 2, dyslipidemia, choroby sercowo-naczyniowe, nadciśnienie, niealkoholowa stłuszczeniowa choroba wątroby czy nowotwory. Światowa Organizacja Zdrowia oszacowała, że 1,5 miliarda ludzi dorosłych ma nadwagę, blisko 500 milionów jest otyłych i 220 milionów choruje na cukrzycę typu 2. Dieta typu zachodniego wiąże się także ze zwiększoną częstością występowania przewlekłej choroby nerek. Wiadomo, że połączenie składników pokarmowych charakteryzujące tę dietę przyczynia się do zmniejszenia czynności nerek, ich stłuszczenia i powstawania stanów zapalnych, nadciśnienia tętniczego i zaburzeń nerkowej regulacji hormonalnej. Dietę zachodnią łączy się ponadto z toczącym się przewlekle stanem zapalnym, który bierze udział we wszystkich etapach rozwoju miażdżycy i jest coraz częściej uznawany za uniwersalny mechanizm powstawania różnych przewlekłych chorób degeneracyjnych, takich jak choroby autoimmunologiczne, niektóre nowotwory, osteoporoza. Artykuł poświęcony jest przede wszystkim przedstawieniu wyników najnowszych badań dotyczących wpływu makroskładników diety i rodzaju kwasów tłuszczowych na wybrane mechanizmy odpowiedzialne za procesy związane z występowaniem najczęstszych chorób dietozależnych.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

healthy effect; structural change; dietary macronutrient; macronutrient intake; Western-type diet; human nutrition; nutritional disease; human disease; kidney disease; obesity; metabolic disorder

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny
• Rocznik: 2015
• Tom: 66
• Numer: 2
• Opis fizyczny: p.97-105,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Okreglicka K.

• Department of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, Medical University of Warsaw, Oczki street 3, 02-007 Warsaw, Poland

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