PL EN


Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników
2017 | 09 | 2 |

Tytuł artykułu

Development of body morphology of Iraqi students: Sedentary way of life and fatness

Warianty tytułu

Języki publikacji

EN

Abstrakty

EN
The aim of the research was to compare morphology of Iraqi students of the first and fourth years of study with mostly sedentary style of life. The research involved 88 students of the first year of study and 88 students of the fourth year of study of the University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq. Basic anthropometric measurements were taken of the body mass, straight-linear dimensions, parts of extremities’ circumferences, skin-fat folds. The fourth-year students had significantly greater body mass as compared to the firstyear students. Their linear dimensions were higher, even though insignificantly; their circumferences and skin-fat folds were significantly higher. BMI was for both groups within a norm, but the fourth-year students had a greater value of this index. It could be concluded that the sedentary style of life was the reason for higher values of body dimensions, especially skin-fat folds, in students of the fourth year of study. Another reason was probably lack of exercise and westernization of lifestyle, especially fast food consumption. The city and university administration should establish places for all people in order to prepare the neighbourhoods for exercising.

Słowa kluczowe

Twórcy

  • University of Misan, Amarah, Maysan, Iraq
autor
  • Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland

Bibliografia

  • [1] World Health Organization. Milestones in Health Promotion. Statements from Global Conferences. Health Promotion. Geneva, 2009. Available at: www.who.int/healthpromotion/Milestones_Health_Promotion_05022010.pdf?ua=1. Accessed: 25 Jul 2014.
  • [2] European Union. Investing in Health. Commission Staff Working Document. Social Investment Package, European Commission, Brussels, 2013. Available at: ec.europa.eu/health/strategy/policy/index_en.htm and ec.europa.eu/health/strategy/docs/swd_investing_in_health.pdf. Accessed: 25 Jul 2014.
  • [3] Griffith J, Vladu C, George E. Monitoring the EU Platform on Diet, Physical Activity and Health. Annual Report; 2013. Specific Contract NoSANCO/2012/1127355.
  • [4] Matthews N. Sport, physical activity and play: A European perspective. In: Parker A, Vinson D, eds. Youth Sport, Physical Activity and Play. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge; 2013, 27-39.
  • [5] European Union. White Paper on a Strategy for Europe on Nutrition, Overweight and Obesity related health issues. Commission of the European Communities. Brussels; 2007.
  • [6] Barabasz Z, Zadarko E. Diagnosis of state-of-the-art and perspectives of changes within student physical culture. In: Barabasz Z, Zadarko E, eds. Activity through the whole life. Health and fitness of students under control. Krosno: Government Higher Vocational School; 2010, 47-76. Polish.
  • [7] Przewęda R. Changes in physical fitness of Polish youth during the last three decades. Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae. 2009;7(1):57-71.
  • [8] Nowak-Zaleska A, Zaleski R, Wilk B, Walentukiewicz A. Physical activity and BMI in students beginning their studies at the Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport in the academic year 1999/2000 and 2009/2010. Balt J Health Phys Act. 2013;5(2):93-98.
  • [9] Buchheit M, Platat C, Oujaa M, Simon C. Habitual physical activity, physical fitness and heart rate variability in preadolescents. Int J Sports Med. 2007;28:204-210.
  • [10] Gutin B, Johnson MH, Humphries MC, et al. Relationship of visceral adiposity to cardiovascular disease risk factors in black and white teens. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2007;15:1029-1035.
  • [11] Puska P, Nishida C, Porter D. Obesity and overweight. Global strategy on diet, physical activity and health. World Health Organization. Available at: www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/media/en/gsfs_obesity.pdf. Accessed: 2016.01.07.
  • [12] Ruiz JR, Ortega FB, Meusel D, Harro M, Oja P, Sjostrom M. Cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with features of metabolic risk factors in children. Should cardiorespiratory fitness be assessed in a European health monitoring system? The European Youth Heart Study. J Public Health. 2006b;14:94- 102.
  • [13] Gastaldelli A. Abdominal fat: does it predict the development of type 2 diabetes? Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;87(5):1118-1119.
  • [14] Gómez-Ambrosi J, Silva C, Galofré JC, et al. Body adiposity and type 2 diabetes: increased risk with a high body fat percentage even having a normal BMI. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2011;19(7):1439-1944.
  • [15] Olds TS, Harten NR. One hundred years of growth: the evaluation of height, mass, and body composition in Australian children: 1889-1999. Hum Biol. 2001;73:725-738.
  • [16] Tomkinson GR, Leger L, Olds TS, Cazorla G. Secular trends in the fitness of children and adolescents 1980-2000: An analysis of 20 m shuttle run studies. Sports Med. 2003:33:385-400.
  • [17] Eriksson J, Forsen T, Osmond C, Barker D. Obesity from cradle to grave. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2003;27:722-727.
  • [18] The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency; 2016. Available at: www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ Accessed: 2016.01.06.
  • [19] Body mass index – BMI. World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe. Available at: www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/disease-prevention/nutrition/a-healthy-lifestyle/body-mass-index-bmi.Accessed: 2016.01.11.
  • [20] National Institutes of Health. Available at: www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/lose.wt/BMI/bmidis.html. Accessed: 2016.01.06.
  • [21] Krzyżanowska M, Umlawska W. The relationship of Polish students height and BMI with some socioeconomic variables. J Biosoc Sci. 2010;42(5):643-652.
  • [22] Dawal SZ, Zadry HR, Azmi SNS, Rohim SR, Sartica SJ. Antropometric database for the learning environment of high school and university students. Int J Occup Safety Ergonom. 2012;18(4):461-472.
  • [23] Nakanishi Y, Nethery V. Anthropometric comparison between Japanese and Caucasian American male university students. Appl Hum Sci. 1999;18(1):9-11.

Typ dokumentu

Bibliografia

Identyfikatory

Identyfikator YADDA

bwmeta1.element.agro-38a2e42e-a2b2-474a-a709-a468e63f1ebb
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.