Socio-economic characteristics, health status and access to health care in an elderly Moroccan community: study of the gender factor

• Autorzy: Mziwira M. , Ahaji A. , Naciri K. , Belahsen R.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Background. . In Western societies, gender differences in health and health behavior are extensively documented, but less is known about gender health disparities in Morocco. Aging is not yet a research topic or a source of concern. However, the country will face significant demographic aging in the future. Objective. The purpose of this study was to investigate gender differences in indicators associated with socioeconomic status, health status, and access to health care among the elderly population of the El Jadida region in Morocco. Material and methods. It is a cross-sectional study on a random sample of 537 persons, aged 60 and older (136 women and 401 men) from the El Jadida region. Results. When compared to their male counterparts, older Moroccan women face a number of disadvantages, including lower levels of education and literacy, lower levels of employment, rising rates of widowhood and living alone, and a lower likelihood of receiving formal pension benefits. In terms of health status, half of older women do not have medical coverage, almost all feel more tired, and, in discomfort, half suffer from total and central obesity, with more visual, oral, and memory health problems. Older Moroccan men, on the other hand, have greater hypertension, smoke and consume more tobacco and alcohol, and are more anxious, depressed, and insomniac. Overall, for both sexes, the perception of self-rated health status was deemed poor, with three health problems reported per person. Many other demographic, psychosocial, and economic indicators were not significantly related to gender. Conclusions. In Morocco, older people face a variety of problems that have a negative impact on their perception of aging. Furthermore, there are gender differences in socioeconomic status, prevalence, symptoms, and correlates of chronic diseases, health service use, and lifestyle. Longitudinal studies and immediate implementation of medical policy for this population are needed.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny
• Rocznik: 2022
• Tom: 73
• Numer: 3
• Opis fizyczny: p.341-349,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Mziwira M.

• Laboratory of Bio-Geosciences and Materials Engineering, Higher Normal School, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco

autor

Ahaji A.

• Laboratory of Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Nutrition, Training and Research Unit on Nutrition and Food Sciences, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco

autor

Naciri K.

• Laboratory of Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Nutrition, Training and Research Unit on Nutrition and Food Sciences, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco

autor

Belahsen R.

• Laboratory of Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Nutrition, Training and Research Unit on Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida, 24000 Morocco

Bibliografia

• 1. Angelini V., Cavapozzi D., Corazzini L., Paccagnella O. : Age, health, and life satisfaction among older Europeans. Soc Indic Res 2012;105:293–308. doi: 10.1007/s11205-011-9882-x
• 2. Asouab F., Agoub M., Kadri N., Moussaoui D., Rachidi S., Tazi MA., Toufiq J., Chaouki N. : Prevalences of mental disorders in the general moroccan population. D.E.L.M. bulletin épidémiologique 2005;1–7. (In French).
• 3. El Ayachi M., Mziwira M., Vincent S., Defoort C., Portugal C., Lairon D., Belahsen R .: Lipoprotein profile and prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in urban Moroccan women. Eur J Clin Nutr ; 2005;59:1379–1386. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602251
• 4. Baali A., Lahmam A., Amor H., Aboussad A., Boestch G., Chapuis-Lucciani N. : Colloquiums of the Group of Anthropologists of the French Language (GALF) Perception of aging, state of health and sociodemographic environment of a group of elderly people Marrakech, Morocco. 2012.
• 5. Baernholdt M., Yan G., Hinton I., Rose K., Mattos M. : Quality of Life in Rural and Urban Adults 65 Years and Older: Findings From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Rural Heal 2012;28:339–347. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-0361.2011.00403.x
• 6. Belahsen R. : Nutrition transition and food sustainability. In: Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. Cambridge University Press 2014;385–388.
• 7. Benksim A., Ait-Addi R., Khalloufi E., Habibi A., Amine M., Cherkaoui M. : Chronic Diseases, Depressive Symptoms and Socio-economic Characteristics Among Older Adults in Morocco: A pilot Study on Gender Differences. Eur J Geriatr Gerontol 2020;2:18–23. doi: 10.4274/ejgg.galenos.2020.274
• 8. Bloom DE., Chatterji S., Kowal P., Lloyd-Sherlock P., McKee M., Rechel B., Rosenberg L., Smith JP.: Macroeconomic implications of population ageing and selected policy responses. Lancet 2015;385:649–657.
• 9. Boerma T., Hosseinpoor AR., Verdes E., Chatterji S.: A global assessment of the gender gap in self-reported health with survey data from 59 countries. BMC Public Health 2016;16. doi: 10.1186/S12889-016-3352-Y
• 10. Bryła M., Burzyńska M., Maniecka-Bryła I. : Selfrated quality of life of city-dwelling elderly people benefitting from social help: Results of a cross-sectional study. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2013;11:181. doi: 10.1186/1477-7525-11-181
• 11. Campolina AG., Lopez RVM., Nardi EP., Ferraz MB. : Quality of life in a sample of Brazilian adults using the generic SF-12 questionnaire. Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras 2018;64:234–242.
• 12. Chen SH., Cheng HY., Chuang YH., Shao JH. : Nutritional status and its health-related factors among older adults in rural and urban areas. J Adv Nurs 2015;71:42–53. doi: 10.1111/jan.12462
• 13. Cleeman JI.: Executive summary of the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation., and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (adult treatment panel III). J Am Med Assoc 2001;285:2486–2497. doi: 10.1001/jama.285.19.2486
• 14. Compulsory Health Insurance. Annual report global 2015. Available http://www.anam.ma/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/RAG2018-VF.pdf.
• 15. Dong XQ., Chen R. : Gender differences in the experience of loneliness in U.S. Chinese older adults. J Women Aging 2017;29:115–125. doi: 10.1080/08952841.2015.1080534
• 16. HCP High Commissioner of Plans. National survey on the elderly in Morocco. Investigation report 2011.
• 17. HCP High Commissioner of Plans. Social indicators of Morocco 2013-2014.
• 18. Van Der Hoeven M., Kruger A., Greeff M.: Differences in health care seeking behaviour between rural and urban communities in South Africa. Int J Equity Health 2012;11. doi: 10.1186/1475-9276-11-31.
• 19. International Labour Office. : Global evidence on inequities in rural health protection. New data on rural deficits in health coverage for 174 countries. 2015.
• 20. Jacquet I.: Old age in Morocco, Academia-B 2012. Available https://www.editions-academia.be/livre-la_vieillesse_au_maroc-9782872099399-38973.html
• 21. Kabátová O., Uríčková A., Botíková A. : Factors affecting the incidence of depression in the elderly. Cent Eur J Nurs Midwifery 2014;5:105–111. doi: 10.15452/CEJNM.2014.05.0004
• 22. Khalatbari-Soltani S., Marques-Vidal P., Imamura F., Forouhi NG. : Prospective association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and hepatic steatosis: The Swiss CoLaus cohort study. BMJ Open 2020;10. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040959
• 23. Kim H., Thyer BA., Munn JC. : The relationship between perceived ageism and depressive symptoms in later life: Understanding the mediating effects of selfperception of aging and purpose in life, using structural equation modeling. Educ Gerontol 2019;45:105–119. doi: 10.1080/03601277.2019.1583403
• 24. Layte R., Sexton E., Savva G. : Quality of life in older age: Evidence from an Irish cohort study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2013;61. doi: 10.1111/jgs.12198
• 25. Linardakis M., Papadaki A., Smpokos E., Kafatos A., Lionis C. : Prevalence of multiple behavioral risk factors for chronic diseases in medical students and associations with their academic performance. J Public Heal 2020;28:383–392. doi: 10.1007/s10389-019-01030-2
• 26. Lutz W., Sanderson W., Scherbov S. : The coming acceleration of global population ageing. Nature 2008;451:716–719. doi: 10.1038/nature06516
• 27. Meggiolaro S., Ongaro F. : Life satisfaction among older people in Italy in a gender approach. Ageing Soc 2015;35:1481–1504. doi: 10.1017/S0144686X14000646
• 28. Mizouri R., Sebai I., Boukhayatia F., Zahra H., Khiari M., Zribi S., Othman Rym R Ben., Mahjoub F., Berriche O., Jamoussi H. : Arterial hypertension and diabetes association in the elderly. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2019;Suppl 11:e337. doi: 10.1016/j.acvdsp.2019.05.014
• 29. Montazeri A., Vahdaninia M., Mousavi SJ., Asadi-Lari M., Omidvari S., Tavousi M. : The 12-item medical outcomes study short form health survey version 2.0 (SF-12v2): A population-based validation study from Tehran, Iran. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2011;9. doi: 10.1186/1477-7525-9-12
• 30. Mziwira M., Ayachi M El., Lairon D., Belahsen R. : High blood pressure in urban Moroccan women from an agricultural region. Med J Nutrition Metab 2011;4:111–116. doi: 10.1007/s12349-010-0047-2
• 31. National Agency for Accreditation and Health Evaluation. : Methods of screening and laboratory diagnosis of dyslipidemia in primary prevention. J Mal Vasc 2000;7:226–230. doi: AE-02-2001-62-1-C1-0003-4266-101019-ART7.
• 32. OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development): The Pursuit of Gender Equality, An Uphill Battle. OECD iLibrary 2017.
• 33. Oh S. : Remarried men and remarried women: How are they different? J Divorce 1987;9:107–113. doi: 10.1300/J279v09n04_08
• 34. Olinto M., Nacul L., Gigante D., Costa J., Menezes A., Macedo S.: Waist circumference as a determinant of hypertension and diabetes in Brazilian women: a population-based study. Public Health Nutr 2004 ;7:629–635. doi: 10.1079/phn2003582.
• 35. Osmani N., Matlabi H., Rezaei M. : Barriers to Remarriage Among Older People: Viewpoints of Widows and Widowers. J Divorce Remarriage 2018;9:51–68. doi: 10.1080/10502556.2017.1375331
• 36. Proctor BD., Semega JL., Kollar MA. : Income and poverty in the United States: 2015, Current Population Reports. U.S. Census Bureau 2016;60-256.
• 37. Puvill T., Lindenberg J., De Craen AJM., Slaets JPJ., Westendorp RGJ.: Impact of physical and mental health on life satisfaction in old age: a population based observational study. BMC Geriatr 2016;16:1–9. doi: 10.1186/s12877-016-0365-4
• 38. Song H., Feng D., Wang R., Yang J., Li Y., Gao J., Wang Z., Yan Z., Long C., Zhou J., Feng Z.: The urbanrural disparity in the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among the elderly in China - a crosssectional study. PeerJ 2019. doi: 10.7717/peerj.8015.
• 39. United Nations - Population Division Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Between Gender and Ageing The Status of the World’s Older Women and Progress since the Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing. UN Women Coordination Division, 2012.
• 40. United Nations - Population Division Department of Economic and Social Affairs. : World Population Ageing 2017. In: United Nations New York. Available https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/ageing/WPA2017_Highlights.pdf. Accessed 27 Jan 2022
• 41. Wan He., Goodkind D and Kowal P. : An Aging World: 2015. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute On Aging 2016.
• 42. West LA., Cole S., Goodkind D., He W. : 65+ in the United States: 2010. US Cencus Bureau 2014;23–212.
• 43. World Health Organization. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic : report of a WHO consultation 2000. Available https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/42330
• 44. World Health Organization. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. World Health Organization 2003.
• 45. Wu F., Guo Y., Kowal P., Jiang Y., Yu M., Li X., Zheng Y., Xu J. : Prevalence of Major Chronic Conditions among Older Chinese Adults: The Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) Wave 1. PLoS One 2013 ; 8:e74176. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074176
• 46. Yount KM., Sibai AM. : Demography of Aging in Arab Countries. In: International Handbook of Population Aging. Springer Netherlands 2009;277–315.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.32394/rpzh.2022.0224