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2011 | 70 | 4 |

Tytuł artykułu

Evaluation of the length and angulation of the styloid process in the patient with pre-diagnosis of Eagle syndrome

Warianty tytułu

Języki publikacji

EN

Abstrakty

EN
Clinical symptoms caused by the elongated styloid process (SP) or calcified stylohyoid ligament were first described by W. Eagle and they are now known as Eagle syndrome (ES). Normal length of SP was stated by Eagle as 2.5 cm. The objective of this study was to determine and discuss the length of SP and medial angulation degree with computed tomography (CT), which is an affective modality in the identification of ES, and a comparison with related studies. Three-dimensional (3D) images obtained from the axial CT scans of 22 cases (11 males and 11 females) aged between 24 and 80 years, who referred to Cumhuriyet University Hospital, Department of Radiology for multi slice CT with the pre-diagnosis of ES, were used. Lengths of the SP and medial angulations were measured on the obtained images. Inter- and intra-group comparisons were carried out using Wilcoxan and Mann-Whitney U tests. The mean length of the SP was found as 4.1 ± 1.1 cm. When inter- and intra-group lengths of the right and left SP were compared, the difference was not significant (p > 0.05). The mean medial angulation of the SP was found as 67.5 ± 5.1°. There was a significant difference found between the right side medial angulation and left side medial angulation in all persons (p < 0.05). Lengths of the right and left SP of the patients with pre-diagnosis of ES were close to each other. However, the right-side angulation was observed to be smaller than the left medial angulation in all the patients. Similarly, right side medial angulation of the females was smaller than the left side medial angulation, but this difference was absent in the males. Eagle syndrome should be kept in mind in patients with a sore throat radiating to the ears with swallowing and an observed non-compliance between the complaints such as feeling a foreign body in the throat and facial pain, and physical examination of those who do not have a response to long-term medical therapy should be performed. (Folia Morphol 2011; 70, 4: 295–299)

Słowa kluczowe

Wydawca

-

Czasopismo

Rocznik

Tom

70

Numer

4

Opis fizyczny

p.295-299,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor
  • Department of Anatomy, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, TR-58140 Sivas, Turkey
autor
  • Department of Radiology, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, Sivas, Turkey
  • Department of Anatomy, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, Sivas, Turkey
autor
  • Department of Anatomy, Mugla University School of Medicine, Mugla, Turkey
autor
  • Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Halic University School of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
autor
  • Department of Anatomy, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, Sivas, Turkey
autor
  • Vocational School of Health Services, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey

Bibliografia

  • 1. Ateşçi M, Karabacakoglu A, Gülmez U (2010) Left internal carotid compression due to deviation of elongated styloid process: case report. Turkiye Klinikleri J Cardiovasc Sci, 22: 140–143.
  • 2. Bafaqeeh SA (2000) Eagle syndrome: classic and carotid artery types. J Otolaryngol, 29: 88–94.
  • 3. Balcioglu HA, Kilic C, Akyol M, Ozan H, Kokten G (2009) Length of the styloid process and anatomical implications for Eagle’s syndrome. Folia Morphol, 68: 265–270.
  • 4. Başekim CC, Mutlu H, Güngör A, Silit E, Pekkafali Z, Kutlay M, Colak A, Oztürk E, Kizilkaya E (2005) Evaluation of styloid process by three-dimensional computed tomography. Eur Radiol, 15: 134–139.
  • 5. Ceylan A, Köybaşioglu A, Celenk F, Yilmaz O, Uslu S (2008) Surgical treatment of elongated styloid process: experience of 61 cases. Skull Base, 18: 289–295.
  • 6. Correll RW, Jensen JL, Taylor JB, Rhyne RR (1979) Mineralization of the stylohyoid–stylomandibular ligament complex. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol, 48: 286–291.
  • 7. Eagle W (1937) Elongated styloid process: report of two cases. Arch Otolaryngol, 25: 584–587.
  • 8. Eagle WW (1949) Symptomatic elongated styloid process: report of 2 cases of styloid process-carotid artery syndrome with operation. Arch Otolaryngol, 49: 490–503.
  • 9. Ferrario VF, Sigurta D, Daddona A, Dalloca L, Miani A, Tafuro F, Sforza C (1990) Calcification of the stylohyoid ligament: incidence and morphoquantitative evaluations. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol, 69: 524–529.
  • 10. Fini G, Gasparini G, Filippini F, Becelli R, Marcotullio D (2000) The long styloid process syndrome or Eagle syndrome. J Craniomaxillofac Surg, 28; 123–127.
  • 11. Ghosh LM, Dubey SP (1999) The syndrome of elongated styloid process. Auris Nasus Larynx, 26: 169–175.
  • 12. Kim E, Hansen K, Frizzi J (2008) Eagle syndrome: Case report and review of the literature. Ear Nose Throat J, 87: 631–633.
  • 13. Kubikova E, Varga I (2009) A case of extremely long styloid process without clinical symptoms and complications. Clin Anat, 22: 865–867.
  • 14. Mansour P, Young WJ (1986) Variability of the styloid process and stylohyoid ligament in panoramic radiographs. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol, 61: 522–526.
  • 15. Mendelsohn AH, Berke GS, Chhetri DK (2006) Heterogeneity in the clinical presentation of Eagle’s syndrome. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 134: 389–393.
  • 16. Moffat DA, Ramsden RT, Shaw HJ (1977) The styloid process syndrome: aetiological factors and surgical management. J Laryngol Otol, 91: 279–294.
  • 17. Montalbetti L, Ferrandi D, Pergami P, Savoldi F (1995) Elongated styloid process and Eagle’s syndrome. Cephalalgia, 15: 80–93.
  • 18. Murtagh RD, Caracciolo JT, Fernandez G (2001) CT findings associated with Eagle syndrome. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 22: 1401–1402.
  • 19. Nakamaru Y, Fukuda S, Miyashita S, Ohashi M (2002) Diagnosis of the elongoted styloid process by three-dimensional computed tomography. Auris Nasus Larynx, 29: 55–57.
  • 20. Nayak DR, Pujary K, Aggarwal M, Punnoose SE, Chaly VA (2007) Role of three-dimensional computed tomography reconstruction in the management of elongated styloid process: A preliminary study. J Laryngol, 121: 349–353.
  • 21. Onbaş O, Kantarci M, Murat Karasen R, Durur I, Cinar Basekim C, Alper F, Okur A (2005) Angulation, length, and morphology of the styloid process of the temporal bone analyzed by multidetector computed tomography. Acta Radiol, 46: 881–886.
  • 22. Palesy P, Murray GM, De Boever J, Klineberg I (2000) Th involvement of the styloid process in head and neck pain — a preliminary study. J Oral Rehabil, 27: 275–287.
  • 23. Piagkou M, Anagnostopoulou S, Kouladouros K, Piagkos G (2009) Eagle’s syndrome: a review of the literature. Clin Anat, 22: 545–558.
  • 24. Sokler K, Sandev S (2001) New classification of the styloid process length clinical application on the biological base. Coll Antropol, 25: 627–632.
  • 25. Yetiser S, Gerek M, Ozkaptan Y (1997) Elongated styloid process: diagnostic problems related to symptomatology. Cranio, 15: 236–241.

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Bibliografia

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