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The aim of our study was to evaluate the frequencies of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosomes 1p, 10q, and 19q in gliomas and to correlate them with the histological diagnosis and with patient age and gender. We found deletions within chromosome 1p to be significantly associated with the histological subtype of glial tumor (P<0.05); frequency of 1p deletions increased from astrocytoma (0%) through glioblastoma (31%) and oligoastrocytoma (57%) to oligodendroglioma (63%). In patients with 1p LOH, the odds for having astrocytoma or glioblastoma were approximately 10-fold and 4-fold lower, respectively, than oligodendroglioma. The odds for having oligoastrocytoma were similar to oligodendroglioma (OR=1.3). The frequency of 10q LOH in patients with glioblastoma was significantly higher than in patients with oligodendroglioma (89% vs. 36%; P<0.005). In patients with oligodendroglioma, most cases with LOH on chromosome 1p also had LOH 19q (90%), one case of 1p LOH also had a deletion on 10q. Statistical analyses revealed a significant association between deletions on 1p and 19q (P<0.05). Our data provide evidence that use of molecular genetic analyses of chromosomes 1p, 19q, and 10q might improve the diagnosis of gliomas.
We have compared differentiation ability of glioblastoma cells with differentiation ability of neural progenitors. An effi cient differentiation arrest was observed in all cell lines isolated from glioblastomas in contrast to normal neural progenitors. However, cells isolated from six glioblastomas showed features of early stages of neural differentiation. Moreover, the cells derived from a majority of glioblastomas (8 out of 10) as well as neural progenitors showed features of non-neural (mesenchymal-like) differentiation. Moreover aggregated cells sustained EGFR amplifi cation, whereas cells grown as a monolayer did not. Cells showing EGFR amplifi cation became apoptotic grown as monolayer. Majority of mesenchymally differentiated glioblastoma cells showed features of senescence. Novel hypotheses which we would like to test are as follows: Neural progenitors could be a potential source of glioblastomas. Glioblastoma presents not only tumor stem cells but also tumor progenitor cells. Stable coexpression of glial and neuronal markers presented by glioblastoma cells results from differentiation arrest. Aggregating glioblastoma cells allows to sustain, EGFR amplifi cation in vitro. Moreover aggregated cells show proliferation ability, and differentiation arrest, whereas monolayer cells can be effi ciently differentiated and fi nally senescent. It suggests that simultaneous analysis of differentiation processes altogether with considering status of genes such as EGFR may help in designing new molecular targets for chemotherapy.
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