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Authors performed a review of a current literature related with a structure, physiology and effects of estrogen receptor function. Our article contains information about molecular structure of SHR family (steroid hormone receptors), a way of binding with their ligands. We tried to present step by step a mechanism of receptor reaction with nucleic acids also a mechanism of initiation of transcription. We clearly described a function and action of cofactor proteins in a process of receptor activation. We mentioned about fitoestro- gens influence on estrogen receptor molecules.