EN
This paper discusses important issues that have to be taken into account in the laboratory diagnosis of infectious animal diseases, particularly swine diseases. Some of the most fundamental issues are standardization and harmonization of diagnostic tests in the international scale. Different approaches to test selection are related to the etiology of the infectious disease. The paper mentions diseases caused by one pathogen, diseases of multifactorial etiology and subclinical infections. The importance of a disease-free herd is underlined - particularly for eradication and the possibility of exporting animals. The difference between qualitative and quantitative results is defined. The number of samples used and the gold standard, as well as the sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tests are characterized. The DIVA strategy is mentioned. The value of laboratory diagnosis in dealing with disease syndromes and infections caused by facultativly pathogenic microorganisms is described. Limitations of laboratory tests in the diagnosis of infectious swine diseases are also enumerated.