The dynamics of phosphorus in lacustrine sediments: contents and fractions in relation to lake trophic state and chemical composition of bottom deposits

• Autorzy: Rzepecki M.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Phosphorus is still recognized as the element driving the matter cycling in freshwater ecosystems. It is the key nutrient in productivity and eutrophication process of lakes and reservoirs. The bottom sediments cumulatively formed inside and in-shore of lakes play a crucial role in accumulation/sorption of phosphorus organic compounds, as well as in release/desorption of the compounds available for uptake by producers and microbial heterotrophs. These two opposite processes are dependent on the chemical composition of sediments and on the site conditions (like oxygen, pH) in over-bottom layers. About three hundred of the sediment surface layer samples were taken from the lacustrine habitats in a variety of lakes typical for postglacial landscape (Masurian Lakeland, Poland): profundal and littoral zones in lakes forming a trophic gradient including a humic lake, river/lake ecotone zone and wetland sites adjacent to lake shoreline. The contents of Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn and Al were analysed as well as the amount of total P (TP) and its three basic groups i.e. easily exchangeable, hardly exchangeable and non-exchangeable fractions. It was found that the sediments of humic lake had the most different, distinct chemical composition and contained very small amounts of Fe, Mn, Mg and Ca – nearly 30 times less than sediments of other, non-humic lakes. These sediments contained the most of organic matter and similar (as in non-humic lakes) amounts of TP whose dominant part (80%) consists of hardly exchangeable organic fraction. Sediments of lakes forming the trophic gradient along the small (15 km long) river (Jorka River) showed consistent changes in the chemical composition. Sediments of lakes situated up the river system (meso- and meso-eutrophic lakes) had higher content of organic matter and Ca but lower content of TP, Fe and Mg than sediments of lakes in the lower part of the river system (eutrophic and hypertrophic lakes). The content of these elements was also higher in profundal than in littoral sediments. Significantly higher content (40–70%) of non-exchangeable P was found in sediments of eutrophic and hypertrophic lakes than in sediments of meso- and meso-eutrophic lakes (30–60%) in both the littoral and profundal zones. Sediments of the river-lake-river ecotones (Krutynia River) showed also the consistent changes of element content along the river flow through the lake. The amount of TP was lower in riverine sediments down and upstream the lake than in lake sediments. Organic matter and Fe contents were lower and Ca, Mg, Mn and Al contents were higher in river-lake-river ecotones or similar to those in sediments of the lakes from the trophic gradient. Easily exchangeable phosphorus prevailed in lake sediments; TP in riverine sediments was dominated by hardly exchangeable and non-exchangeable forms and was similar to that found in littoral sediments of lakes from the trophic gradient. Inshore wetland sediments were characterised by a high content of organic matter – higher than in littoral and profundal sediments of lakes forming the trophic gradient. The content of Ca, Mg, Mn and Fe was two to five times lower than in sediments of lakes from the trophic gradient but similar to sediments of humic lake. They also contained less TP than profundal sediments from the trophic gradient and humic lakes but had similar content to littoral and riverine sediments. As in the case of profundal and riverine sediments, non-exchangeable and hardly exchangeable P fractions dominated TP content in wetland inshore sediments. Almost all phosphorus a ccumulated in these sediments is associated with a high organic matter deposition. The study results concern the basic types of lake and lacustrine habitats representative for the postglacial landscape of north and north-east Europe. A significant diversity of sediment origin, chemical composition and phosphorus amount and its potential mobility was found among the sediment types. The wetland and humic sediments appeared to be active in cumulation and stabilisation of P resources while sediment of nonhumic, trophic lakes (especially in profundal zoners) are the active sites for P release and sorption processes.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

accumulation; bottom sediment; chemical composition; content; dynamics; eutrophication; freshwater ecosystem; lacustrine sediment; lake; organic matter; phosphorus; reservoir; sorption; trophic status

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Polish Journal of Ecology
• Rocznik: 2010
• Tom: 58
• Numer: 3
• Opis fizyczny: p.409-427,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Rzepecki M.

• Centre for Ecological Research Polish Academy of Sciences, Dziekanow Lesny, Konopnickiej 1, 05-092 Lomianki, Poland

Bibliografia

• American Public Health Association (APHA) 1971 – Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater – 13th, New York, 874 pp.
• Andersen F.Ø., Ring P. 1999 – Comparison of phosphorus release from littoral and profundal sediments in a shallow, eutrophic lake – Hydrobiologia, 408/409: 175–183.
• Bengtsson L., Persson T. 1978 – Sediment changes in a lake used for sewage reception – Pol. Arch. Hydrobiol. 25: 17–35.
• Blindow I. 1992 – Long- and short-term dynamics of submerged macrophytes in two shallow eutrophic lakes – Freshwat. Biol. 28: 15–27.
• Boström B. 1984 – Potential mobility of phosphorus in different types of lake sediments – Int. Rev. ges. Hydrobiol. 69: 457–474.
• Boström B., Ahlgren I., Bell R. 1985 – Internal nutrient loading in a eutrophic lake, reflected in seasonal variations some sediment parameters – Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 22: 3335–3339.
• Boström B., Jansson M., Forsberg C. 1982 – Phosphorus release from lake sediments – Arch. Hydrobiol. Beih. Ergebn. Limnol. 18: 5–39.
• Boström B., Persson G., Broberg B. 1988 – Bioavailability of different phosphorus forms in freshwater systems – Hydrobiologia, 170: 133–155.
• Brunberg A.K., Nilsson E., Blomqvist P. 2002 – Characteristics of oligotrophic hardwater lakes in a postglacial land-rise area in midSweden – Freshwater Biology, 47: 1451–1462.
• Carlyle G.C., Hill A.R. 2001 – Groundwater phosphate dynamics in a river riparian zone: effects of hydrologic flowpaths, lithology and redox chemistry – J. Hydrol. 247: 151–168.
• Christensen K.K., Andersen F.O. 1996 – Influence of Littorella uniflora on phosphorus retention in sediment supplied with artificial porewater – Aquat. Bot. 55: 183–197.
• Crawford S.A. 1977 – Chemical, physical and biological changes associated with Chara succession in farm ponds – Hydrobiologia, 55: 209–217.
• Díaz-Espejo A., Serrano L., Toja J. 1999 – Changes in sediment phosphate composition of seasonal ponds during filling – Hydrobiologia, 392: 21–28.
• Eckert W., Didenko J., Uri E., Eldar D. 2003 – Spatial and temporal variability of particulate phosphorus fractions in seston and sediments of Lake Kinneret under changing loading scenario – Hydrobiologia, 494: 223–229.
• Golterman H.L. 2004 – The chemistry of phosphate and nitrogen compounds in sediments – Kluwer Academic Publisher, Dordecht, Boston, London, 251 pp.
• Golterman H.L., Clymo R.S. 1978 – Methods for physical, chemical analysis of fresh waters. IBP Handbook No 8. – Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, Edinburgh, London, Melbourne, 214 pp.
• Górniak A. 1996 – Substancje humusowe i ich rola w funkcjonowaniu ekosystemów słodkowodnych [Humic substances and their role in the freshwater ecosystems] – PhD thesis, Białystok University, Białystok, 151 pp. (in Polish).
• Håkanson L. 1994 – A model to predict gross sedimentation in small glacial lakes – Hydrobiologia, 284: 19–42.
• Hillbricht-Ilkowska A. 2002 – Catchment impact on lakes: long-term studies of the river-lake system in diversified landscape – Pol. J. Ecol. 50: 411–550.
• Hillbricht-Ilkowska A., Wiśniewski R.J. (Eds) 1996 – Funkcjonowanie systemów rzeczno-jeziornych w krajobrazie pojeziernym: rzeka Krutynia (Pojezierze Mazurskie) [Functioning of river-lake systems in a lakeland landscape: Krutynia River (Masurian Lakeland)] – Zeszyty Naukowe Komitetu „Człowiek i Środowisko” PAN, 13, 461 pp. (in Polish).
• Hillbricht-Ilkowska A., Dusoge K., Ejsmont-Karabin J., Jasser I., Kufel I., Ozimek T., Rybak J. I., Rzepecki M., Węgleńska T. 1998 – Long term effects of liming in a humic lake – Pol. J. Ecol. 46: 347–415.
• Hörnström E., Ekström C., Fröberg E., Ek J. 1993 – Plankton and chemical–physical development in six Swedish west coast lakes under acidic and limned conditions – Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 50: 688–702.
• Kairesalo T., Matilainen T. 1994 – Phosphorus fluctuation in water and deposition into sediment within an emergent macrophyte stand – Hydrobiologia, 275/276: 285–292.
• Kaiserli A., Voutsa D., Samara C. 2002 – Phosphorus fractionation in lake sediments – Lakes Volvi and Koronia, N. Greece – Chemosphere, 46: 1147–1155.
• Khoshmanesh A., Hart B.T., Duncan A., Beckett R. 2002 – Luxury uptake of phosphorus by sediment bacteria – Water Res. 36: 774–778.
• Kleeberg A., Schubert H. 2000 – Vertical gradients in particle distribution and its elemental composition under oxic and anoxic conditions in a eutrophic lake, Scharmutzelsee, NE Germany – Arch. Hydrobiol. 148: 187–207.
• Kloss M., Wilpiszewska I. 2002 – Diversity, disturbance and spatial structure of wetland vegetation along lake shore: Jorka river-lake system (Masurian Lakeland, Poland) – Pol. J. Ecol. 50: 489–513.
• Koschel R., Benndorf J., Proft G., Recknagel F. 1983 – Calcite precipitation as natural control mechanism of eutrophication – Arch. Hydrobiol. 98: 380–408.
• Kufel L., Kufel I. 2002 – Chara beds acting as nutrient sinks in shallow lakes – a review – Aquatic Botany, 72: 249–260.
• Lijklema L. 1993 – Considerations in modeling the sediment water exchange of phosphorus – Hydrobiologia, 253: 219–231.
• Nürnberg G.K. 1988 – Prediction of phosphorus release rates from total and reductantsoluble phosphorus in anoxic lake sediments – Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 45: 453–462.
• Pardo P., Rauret G., Fermin J., Sánchez L. 2004 – Shortened screening method for phosphorus fractionation in sediments. A complementary approach to the standards, measurements and testing harmonised protocol – Analytica Chimica Acta, 508: 201–206.
• Parker C.R. 1972 – Water analysis by atomic absorption spectroscopy – Varian Techtron Pty. Ltd. Springvale, Australia, 78 pp.
• Pettersson K., Istvánovics V. 1988 – Sediment phosphorus in Lake Balaton – forms and mobility – Arch. Hydrobiol. Beih. Ergebn. Limnol. 30: 25–41.
• Pettersson, K., Olsson H. 1986 – Mobility and fractional composition of phosphorus in the sediments of oligotrophic non-acidified and limed lakes (In: 12th Nordic Symposium on sediments, Skallingen, Denmark, Ed: K. Hendriksen) – K. Rep. Bot. Inst. Univ. Aarhus, 8: 13–25.
• Psenner R., Boström B., Dinka M., Pettersson K., Pucsko R., Sager M. 1991 – Sediment phosphorus group: working group summaries and proposal for future research 4. Fractionation of phosphorus in suspended mater and sediment – Arch. Hydrobiol. 30: 83–112.
• Psenner R., Pucsko R., Sager M. 1984 – Fractionation of organic and inorganic phosphorus compounds in lake sediments – Arch. Hydrobiol. Suppl. 70: 111–155.
• Reddy K.R., D’Angelo E.M. 1994 – Soil processes regulating water quality in wetlands (In: Global Wetlands: Old World and New, Ed: W.J. Mitsch) – Elsevier, Amsterdam, Lausanne, New York, Oxford Shannon, Tokyo, pp. 309–325.
• Rydin E. 2000 – Potentially mobile phosphorus in lake Erken sediment – Wat. Res. 34: 2037–2042.
• Rzepecki M. 1997 – Sediments in a humic lake with artificially increased calcium content: sink or source for phosphorus? – Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 99: 457–464.
• Rzepecki M. 2002 – Wetland zones along lake shores as barrier systems: field and experimental research on nutrient retention and dynamics – Pol. J. Ecol. 50: 527–541.
• Søndergaard M., Jensen J.P., Jeppesen E. 2001 – Retention and Internal Loading of Phosphorus in Shallow, Eutrophic Lakes – The Scientific World, 1: 427–442.
• Søndergaard M., Jensen J.P., Jeppesen E. 2003 – Role of sediment and internal loading of phosphorus in shallow lakes – Hydrobiologia, 506–509: 135–145.
• Søndergaard M., Kristensen P., Jeppesen E. 1993 – Eight years of internal phosphorus loading and changes in the sediment phosphorus profile of Lake Søbygaard, Denmark – Hydrobiologia, 253: 345–356.
• Watts C.J. 2000a – Seasonal phosphorus release from exposed, re-inundated littoral sediments of two Australian reservoirs – Hydrobiologia, 431: 27–39.
• Watts C.J. 2000b – The effect of organic matter on sedimentary phosphorus release in an Australian reservoir – Hydrobiologia, 431: 13–25.
• Wetzel R.G. 2001 – Limnology. Lake and rivers ecosystems – Academic Press, San Diego, San Francisco, New York, Boston, London, Sydney, Tokio, Saunders College Publishing, 1006 pp.
• Withers P.J.A., Jarvie H.P. 2008 – Delivery and cycling of phosphorus in rivers: a review – Sci. Total Environ. 400: 379–395.
• Williams J.D.H., Jaquet J.M., Thomas R.L. 1976 – Forms of phosphorus in the surficial sediments of Lake Erie – J. Fish Res. Bd. Can. 33: 413–429.
• Williams J.D.H., Mayer T. 1972 – Effects of sediment diagenesis and regeneration of phosphorus with special reference to lakes Eire and Ontario (In: Nutrients in Natural Waters, Eds: H.E. Allen, J.R. Kramer) – J. Wiley & Sons, NY, pp. 281–315.
• Wiśniewski R.J., Rzepecki M. 1996 – Osady denne stref przejściowych rzeka-jezioro i jezioro-rzeka w systemie rzeczno-jeziornym Krutyni (Pojezierze Mazurskie); rola w krążeniu fosforu [Bottom sediments of the river-lake and lake river transition zones in the Krutynia fluvio-lacustrine system (Masurian Lakeland); the role in the phosphorus cycling] (In: Funkcjonowanie systemów rzeczno-jeziornych w krajobrazie pojeziernym: rzeka Krutynia (Pojezierze Mazurskie) [Functioning of riverlake systems in a lakeland landscape: Krutynia River (Masurian Lakeland)] Eds: A. Hillbricht-Ilkowska, R.J. Wiśniewski) – Zeszyty Naukowe Komitetu „Człowiek i Środowisko” PAN, 13, pp. 313–345. (in Polish).
• Young L.B., Harvey H.H. 1992 – Geochemistry of Mn and Fe in lake sediments in relation to lake acidity – Limnol. Oceanogr. 37: 603–613.