PL
W latach 2009-2014 prowadzono terenowe prace monitoringowe w ramach projektu „Monitoring gatunków i siedlisk przyrodniczych ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem specjalnych obszarów ochrony siedlisk Natura 2000 - faza III i faza IV". Była to kontynuacja prac będących częścią Państwowego Monitoringu Środowiska, rozpoczętych w latach 2006-2008. Tak jak poprzednio, koordynował je Instytut Ochrony Przyrody PAN na zlecenie Głównego Inspektoratu Ochrony Środowiska. Głównym celem projektu było opracowanie metodyk monitoringu gatunków i siedlisk przyrodniczych, ocena stanu populacji i siedlisk gatunków oraz struktury i funkcji siedlisk przyrodniczych na wybranych stanowiskach i obszarach Natura 2000. Efektem prac było także przygotowanie raportów dla Komisji Europejskiej na temat stanu ochrony gatunków i siedlisk o znaczeniu wspólnotowym na poziomie regionów biogeograficznych. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono zakres i wyniki prac monitoringowych wykonanych w latach 2009-2014 w odniesieniu do gatunków zwierząt i roślin.
EN
In the years 2009-2014, the Institute for Nature Conservation of the Polish Academy of Science coordinated the monitoring project entitled "Monitoring of species and natural habitats with particular regard to special areas of conservation of the Natura 2000 network - the 3rd and 4th phases". The project was implemented within the framework of the State Monitoring of Environment, supervised by the Chief Inspectorate of Environmental Protection and financed by the National Fund of Environmental Protection. The main objectives of the project were to develop monitoring methods for particular species and natural habitats and to conduct a monitoring survey in selected localities situated inside and outside the Natura 2000 network. The survey focused on the assessment of the status of populations and habitats of species, and the structure and functions of natural habitats. The results of monitoring were used as a basis of reports submitted to the European Commission on the conservation status of species and habitats in the biogeographical regions. Organization and methodical assumptions, as well as the results of the 1st and 2nd phases of the monitoring program were presented, among others, in the "Chrońmy Przyrodę Ojczystą" (Makomaska-Juchiewicz et al. 2009). In the years 2009-2014, the project was continued. There were monitored 96 animal species at more than 2200 sites and 60 plant species, at 705 sites. Some species were surveyed twice in this period. For most of the plant species, the monitored sites are a good representation of their populations. The results of the monitoring project indicated that the conservation status of animal species was favourable at only 31% of the surveyed sites. At most of the sites, the status was unfavourable: inadequate U1 (at 31.4% of the sites and bad U2 at 30.4% of the sites (Fig. 4). Of the three parameters of the conservation status, the population got the lowest score. This parameter had the lowest percentage of FV (39%) and the highest percentage of U2 (27.6%) (Fig. 5). The best assessed parameter was the habitat of species. The comparison of the monitoring results between the two biogeographical regions did not show large differences in the conservation status of animal species. In the alpine region, however, the percentage of sites with bad conservation status was lower and the quality of species' habitats was better than in the continental region (Figs 6, 7). For more than half of the surveyed animal species (61.5%), the monitoring results allowed to conclude on their conservation status at a national level (Fig. 8). For other species, the sample of the surveyed sites was too small. The results of the monitoring of plant species were similar. The conservation status of plant species was also unfavourable at most of the monitored sites. The percentage of favourable assessments (FV) was only 30%, while that of unfavourable-inadequate (U1) amounted to 36% and that of unfavourable-bad - 32.7% (Fig. 9). It was the status of habitats which decided about the assessment of the overall conservation status as U1, while the bad conservation status U2 was most often the result of the bad status of populations (Fig. 10). Future prospects were the best assessed parameter; it was favourable at about 50% of the sites. It has been found that the conservation status of plant species is better in the alpine region where it was assessed as favourable at about 45% of the surveyed sites, and as bad at only 17.5%. In the continental region, the respective values amounted to 24.9% and 38.3%. The percentage of sites with unfavourable-inadequate U1 conservation status of plant species were similar in both regions - about 36% (Fig. 11). Assessments of particular parameters of conservation status are also better in the alpine region, especially of the habitat and future prospects (Fig. 12). Assessments of the conservation status at the monitored sites were used to conclude on the conservation status of plant species in the country (Fig. 13).