Environmental correlates of species richness of European bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera)

• Autorzy: Ulrich W. , Sachanowicz K. , Michalak M.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

We use data of bat species richness of 58 European countries and larger islands from Fauna Europaea augmented by recent faunal surveys of particular countries to evaluate the effects of area, latitude, annual temperature range, and mean winter length (days < 0°C), geographical heterogeneity, number of plant species, and distance from Turkey on bat species richness. Area, latitude, and temperature range explained more than 73% of the total variability in European bat species richness. Latitude and temperature corrected species-area relationships of vespertilionid bats were fitted by the power function model with mainland countries having a lower slope (z = 0.09) than islands (z = 0.15) consistent with current theory. The area corrected centre of vespertilionid species richness was at about 46°N with Croatia being most species rich (34 species). Non-vespertilionid bats peaked at 41°N and did not show a simple latitudinal gradient. The inclusion of plant species richness in the model for Vespertilionidae did not lower the significant influence of area and latitude on species richness. Plant species richness itself was not a major predictor of bat species richness. Three environmental characteristics (latitude, area and temperature) are the main predictors of bat species richness in Europe. These attributes act in an additive manner. This phenomenon allows potential covariates to be eliminated from species-area relationships using simple regression techniques. Further, additive models constructed in this way allow for a ranking of countries with respect to species richness.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Chiropterologica
• Rocznik: 2007
• Tom: 09
• Numer: 2
• Opis fizyczny: p.347-360,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Ulrich W.

• Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Department of Animal Ecology, Gagarina 9, 87-100, Toruń, Poland

autor

Sachanowicz K.

• Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Department of Animal Ecology, Gagarina 9, 87-100, Toruń, Poland

autor

Michalak M.

• Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Department of Animal Ecology, Gagarina 9, 87-100, Toruń, Poland

Bibliografia

• 1. R. J. Atkinson, A. Rokas, and G. N. Stone . 2007. Longitudinal patterns in species richness and genetic diversity in European oaks and oak gall-wasps. Pp 127–151. in Phylogeography of southern European refugia S. Weiss and N. Ferrand , editors. Springer. New York. 377. pp. Google Scholar
• 2. P. Benda and I. Horáček . 1998. Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of the Eastern Mediterranean. Part 1. Review of distribution and taxonomy of bats in Turkey. Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemoslovenicae 62:255–313. Google Scholar
• 3. P. Benda and K. Tsytsulina . 2000. Taxonomic revision of Myotis mystacinus group (Mammalia: Chiroptera) in the western Palearctic. Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemoslovenicae 64:331–398. Google Scholar
• 4. P. Benda, P. Hulva, M. Andreas, and M. Uhrin . 2003a. Notes on the distribution of Pipistrellus pipistrellus complex in the Eastern Mediterranean: First records of P. pipistrellus for Syria and of P. pygmaeus for Turkey. Vespertilio 7:87–95. Google Scholar
• 5. P. Benda, T. Ivanova, I. Horáček, V. Hanák, J. Èerveny, J. Gaisler, A. Gueorguieva, B. Petrov, and V. Vohralik . 2003b. Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of the Eastern Mediterranean. Part 3. Review of bat distribution in Bulgaria. Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemoslovenicae 67:245–357. Google Scholar
• 6. T. M. Blackburn and K. J. Gaston . 2003. Macroecology: concepts and consequences Blackwell Scientific Publications. Oxford. 442. pp. Google Scholar
• 7. W. Bogdanowicz 2004. Fauna Europaea: Chiroptera. Fauna Europaea version 1.1 [available from http://www.faunaeur.org]. Google Scholar
• 8. B. W. Brook, N. S. Sodhi, and P. K L. Ng . 2003. Catastrophic extinctions follow deforestation in Singapore. Nature 424:420–423. Google Scholar
• 9. J. H. Brown and M. V. Lomolino . 2005. Biogeography Sinauer. Sunderland. 752. pp. Google Scholar
• 10. M. Celuch and M. Sevcik . 2006. First record of Pipistrellus kuhlii (Chiroptera) from Slovakia. Biologia (Bratislava) 61:637–638. Google Scholar
• 11. M. Ciechanowski, K. Sachanowicz, A. Rachwald, and P. Benda . 2005. First records of Tadarida teniotis (Rafinesque, 1814) (Chiroptera, Molossidae) from Serbia and Montenegro and from Bosnia and Herzegowina. Mammalia 69:257–260. Google Scholar
• 12. Fauna Europaea 2004. Fauna Europaea version 1.1. [available online at http://www.faunaeur.org]. Google Scholar
• 13. R. P. Freckleton 2002. On the misuse of residuals in ecology: regression of residuals vs. multiple regression. Journal of Animal Ecology 71:542–545. Google Scholar
• 14. E. Grimmberger 1993. Beitrag zur Fledermausfauna (Chiroptera) Bulgariens und Rumäniens mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Variabilität der Langflügelfledermaus (Miniopterus schreibersi Kuhl, 1819). Nyctalus (N.F.) 4:623–634. Google Scholar
• 15. V. Hanák, P. Benda, M. Ruedi, I. Horáček, and T. S. Sofianidou . 2001. Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of the Eastern Mediterranean. Part 2. New records and review of distribution of bats in Greece. Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemoslovenicae 65:169–279. Google Scholar
• 16. B. A. Hawkins and J. A F. Diniz-Filho . 2004. ‘Latitude’ and geographic patterns in species richness. Ecography 27:268–272. Google Scholar
• 17. I. Horáček, V. Hanák, and J. Gaisler . 2000. Bats of the Palearctic Region: A taxonomic and biogeographic review. Pp 11–157. in Proceedings of the VIIIth EBRS. Vol. 1: Approaches to biogeography and ecology of bats B. W. Wołoszyn , editor. Chiropterological Information Center, ISEZ PAN. Kraków. 273. pp. Google Scholar
• 18. P. Hulva, I. Horáček, P. P. Strelkov, and P. Benda . 2004. Molecular architecture of Pipistrellus pipistrellus/Pipistrellus pygmaeus complex (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae): further cryptic species and Mediterranean origin of the divergence. Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution 32:1023–1035. Google Scholar
• 19. C. Ibáñez, J. L. Garcia-Mudarra, M. Ruedi, B. Stadelmann, and J. Juste . 2006. The Iberian contribution to cryptic diversity in European bats. Acta Chiropterologica 8:277–297. Google Scholar
• 20. Y. Jiao, Y. Chen, D. Schneider, and J. Wróblewski . 2004. A simulation study of impacts of error structure on modeling stock-recruitment data using generalized linear models. Candian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 61:122–133. Google Scholar
• 21. D. M. Kaufman and M. R. Willig . 1998. Latitudinal patterns of mammalian species richness in the new World: the effect of sampling method and faunal group. Journal of Biogeography 25:795–805. Google Scholar
• 22. B. Kryštufek and S. Petkovski . 2003. Annotated Checklist of the mammals of the Republic of Macedonia. Bonner Zoologische Beiträge 51:229–254. Google Scholar
• 23. B. Kryštufek and V. Vohralík . 2001. Mammals of Turkey and Cyprus. Introduction, Checklist. Insectivora. Library Annales Majora. Koper. 140. pp. Google Scholar
• 24. B. Lehotska and R. Lehosky . 2006. First record of Hypsugo savii (Chiroptera) in Slovakia. Biologia (Bratislava) 61:192. Google Scholar
• 25. J. J. Lennon, W. E. Kunin, and S. Hartley . 2002. Fractal species distributions do not produce power-law species-area relationships. Oikos 97:378–386. Google Scholar
• 26. J. M. Lobo, P. Jay-Robert, and J-P. Lumaret . 2004. Modelling the species richness distribution for French Aphodiidae (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea). Ecography 27:145–156. Google Scholar
• 27. M. V. Lomolino 2000. Ecologist's most general, yet protean pattern: the species-area relationship. Journal of Biogeography 27:17–26. Google Scholar
• 28. M. V. Lomolino and M. D. Weiser . 2001. Towards a more general species-area relationship: diversity on all islands, great and small. Journal of Biogeography 28:431–445. Google Scholar
• 29. S. K. Lyons and M. R. Willig . 1999. A hemispheric assessment of scale dependence in latitudinal gradients of species richness. Ecology 80:2483–2491. Google Scholar
• 30. S. K. Lyons and M. R. Willig . 2002. Species richness, latitude, and scale-sensitivity. Ecology 83:47–58. Google Scholar
• 31. R. H. Macarthur and E. O. Wilson . 1967. The theory of island biogeography University Press. Princeton. 203. pp. Google Scholar
• 32. B. A. Maurer 1999. Untangling ecological complexity: the macroscopic perspective University of Chicago Press. Chicago. 251. pp. Google Scholar
• 33. F. Mayer and O. von Helversen . 2001. Sympatric distribution of two cryptic bat species across Europe. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 74:365–374. Google Scholar
• 34. F. Mayer, C. Dietz, and A. Kiefer . 2007. Molecular species identification boosts bat diversity Frontiers in Zoology, 4/1/4. http://www.frontiersinzoology.com/content/4/1/4. Google Scholar
• 35. K. A. Mcguinness 1984. Equations and explanations in the study of species-area curves. Biological Reviews 59:423–440. Google Scholar
• 36. M. Michalak and W. Ulrich . 2006. The internet data base of species-area curves. [available at http.uni.torun.pl/~ulrichw/SAR]. Google Scholar
• 37. A. J. Mitchell-Jones, G. Amon, W. Bogdanowicz, B. Kryštufek, P. J H. Reijnders, F. Spitzenberger, M. Stubbe, J. B M. Thissen, V. Vohralík, and J. Zima . 1999. The atlas of European mammals Academic Press. London. 496. pp. Google Scholar
• 38. G. Neuweiler 2000. The biology of bats Oxford University Press. Oxford. ix + 310. pp. Google Scholar
• 39. J. Niethammer and F. Krapp . 2001. Hand-buch der Säugetiere Europas. Band 4: Fledertiere. Teil I: Chiroptera I. Rhinolophidae, Vespertilionidae. AULA-Verlag, Wiebelsheim: 1–606. Google Scholar
• 40. J. Niethammer and F. Krapp . 2004. Hand-buch der Säugetiere Europas Band 4: Fledertiere. Teil II: Chiroptera II. Vespertilionidae 2, Molossidea, Nycteridae. AULA-Verlag, Wiebelsheim, pp. 607–1186. Google Scholar
• 41. M. A. Patten 2004. Correlates of species richness in North American bat families. Journal of Biogeography 31:975–985. Google Scholar
• 42. M. Paunović, A. Paunović, and M. Ivović . 1998. Mehely's horseshoe bat Rhinolophus mehelyi Matschie, 1901 new to the Yugoslavian bat fauna. Myotis 36:115–119. Google Scholar
• 43. I. Pavlinić and N. Tvrtković . 2003. The presence of Eptesicus nilssonii and Vespertilio murinus in the Croatian bat fauna confirmed. Natura Croatica 12:55–62. Google Scholar
• 44. G. Petersons 2003. Observations of Pipistrellus pygmaeus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidea) in Latvia and in Belarus. Acta Zoologica Lituanica 13:89. Google Scholar
• 45. Ş Procheş 2005. The world's biogeographical regions: cluster analysis based on bat distributions. Journal of Biogeography 32:607–614. Google Scholar
• 46. J. Reichholf 1980. Die Arten-Arealkurve bei Vögeln in Mitteleuropa. Anzeiger der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft Bayern 19:13–26. Google Scholar
• 47. K. Rhode 1992. Latitudinal gradients in species diversity: the search for the primary cause. Oikos 65:514–527. Google Scholar
• 48. R. E. Ricklefs and I. J. Lovette . 1999. The role of island area per se and habitat diversity in the species-area relationships of four Lesser Antillean faunal groups. Journal of Animal Ecology 68:1142–1160. Google Scholar
• 49. R. E. Ricklefs, Q. Hong, and P. S. White . 2004. The region effect on mesoscale plant species richness between eastern Asia and eastern North America. Ecography 27:129–136. Google Scholar
• 50. M. L. Rosenzweig 1995. Species diversity in space and time Cambridge University Press. Cambridge. 435. pp. Google Scholar
• 51. M. L. Rosenzweig 2001. Loss of speciation rate will impoverish future diversity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 98:5404–5410. Google Scholar
• 52. A. Ruggiero and B. Hawkins . 2006. Mapping macroecology. Global Ecology and Biogeography 15:433–437. Google Scholar
• 53. K. Sachanowicz and M. Ciechanowski . 2006. Plecotus macrobullaris — new bat species for Albanian fauna (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Lynx (N.S.) 37:241–246. Google Scholar
• 54. K. Sachanowicz, M. Ciechanowski, and K. Piksa . 2006a. Distribution patterns, species richness and status of bats in Poland. Vespertillio 9–10:151–173. Google Scholar
• 55. K. Sachanowicz, A. Wower, and A-T. Bashta . 2006b. Further range extension of Pipistrellus kuhlii (Kuhl, 1817) in central and eastern Europe. Acta Chiropterologica 8:543–548. Google Scholar
• 56. K. Sachanowicz, M. Ciechanowski, and A. Rachwald . 2006c. Supplementary notes on the distribution of Pipistrellus pipistrellus complex (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in the Balkans: first records of P. pygmaeus (Leach, 1825) in Albania and in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Lynx (N.S.) 37:247–254. Google Scholar
• 57. S. M. Scheiner 2003. Six types of species-area curves. Global Ecology and Biogeography 12:441–447. Google Scholar
• 58. I. Schunger, C. Dietz, D. Merdschanova, S. Merdschanov, K. Christov, I. Borissov, S. Staneva, and P. Petrov . 2004. Swarming of bats (Chiroptera, Mammalia) in the Vodnite Dupki cave (Central Balkan National Park, Bulgaria). Acta Zoologica Bulgarica 56:323–330. Google Scholar
• 59. Y. Siivonen and T. Wermundsen . 2003. First records of Myotis dasycneme and Pipistrellus pipistrellus in Finland. Vespertilio 7:177–179. Google Scholar
• 60. G. G. Simpson 1964. Species density of North American recent mammals. Systematic Zoology 13:57–73. Google Scholar
• 61. Statsoft Inc 2005. STATISTICA (data analysis software system). version 7.1 [ www.statsoft.com]. Google Scholar
• 62. E. Tjørve 2003. Shapes and functions of species-area curves: a review of possible models. Journal of Biogeography 30:827–835. Google Scholar
• 63. W. R. Turner and E. Tjørve . 2005. Scale-dependence in species-area relationships. Ecography 28:1–10. Google Scholar
• 64. W. Ulrich 2005. Predicting species numbers using species-area and endemics-area relations. Biodiversity and Conservation 14:3351–3362. Google Scholar
• 65. W. Ulrich and J. Buszko . 2003. Self-similarity and the species-area relation of Polish butterflies. Basic and Applied Ecology 4:263–270. Google Scholar
• 66. W. Ulrich and J. Buszko . 2004. Habitat reduction and patterns of species loss. Basic and Applied Ecology 5:231–240. Google Scholar
• 67. W. Ulrich and J. Buszko . 2005. Detecting biodiversity hotspots using species-area and endemics-area relationships: the case of butterflies. Biodiversity and Conservation 14:1977–1988. Google Scholar
• 68. M. Williamson, K. J. Gaston, and W. M. Lonsdale . 2001. The species-area relationship does not have an asymptote!. Journal of Biogeography 28:827–830. Google Scholar
• 69. M. R. Willig and C. P. Bloch . 2006. Latitudinal gradients of species richness: a test of the geographic area hypothesis at two ecological scales. Oikos 112:163–173. Google Scholar
• 70. M. R. Willig and K. W. Selcer . 1989. Bat species density gradients in the New World: a statistical assessment. Journal of Biogeography 16:189–195. Google Scholar
• 71. M. R. Willig, B. D. Patterson, and R. D. Stevens . 2003a. Patterns of range size, richness, and body size in the Chiroptera. Pp 580–621. in Ecology of bats T. M. Kunz and M. B. Fenton , editors. University of Chicago Press. Chicago. 450. pp. Google Scholar
• 72. M. R. Willig, D. M. Kaufman, and R. D. Stevens . 2003b. Latitudinal gradients of biodiversity: pattern, process, scale, and synthesis. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 34:273–309. Google Scholar
• 73. J. W. Wilson 1974. Analytical zoogeography of North American mammals. Evolution 28:128–140. Google Scholar

Uwagi

rekord w opracowaniu