PL EN


Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników
2014 | 16 | 1 |

Tytuł artykułu

A review of the occurrence of bats (Chiroptera) on islands in the North East Atlantic and on North Sea installations

Warianty tytułu

Języki publikacji

EN

Abstrakty

EN
The bats recorded from Iceland, the Faroe Islands, the Shetland Islands, the Orkney Islands, and North Sea installations are reviewed to the end of 2012. In total 12 species have been positively identified, while a considerable proportion of all records are sightings of unidentified bats. Eight of the species are European in origin and four originate from the New World. The largest number of species (8) has been recorded in Iceland, but the greatest number of individuals (180) has been found in Orkney. The bat invasion on the Faroe Islands in 2010 is without precedence, when 70 observations of a minimum of 45 individuals were noted. Most bat observations in the study area occurred in the autumn, with fewer in the spring. Most observations were of single animals, but there were also sightings of up to 12 individuals. There has been a marked increase in bat records in the past three decades. We discuss whether this is a real increase, or due to improved communications, increased public awareness, increased shipping, changes in weather patterns and/or the effects of climate change. All factors appear to be involved.

Słowa kluczowe

Wydawca

-

Rocznik

Tom

16

Numer

1

Opis fizyczny

p.169-195,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor
  • Brautarland 2, 108 Reykjavik, Iceland
autor
  • I Geilini 37, FO-270 Nolsoy, Faroe Islands
autor
  • Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, SW7 5BD London, United Kingdom
autor
  • Feroya Natturugripasavn, Futalag 40, FO-100 Torshavn, Faroe Islands
  • Natural History Museum of Kopavogur, Hamraborg 6a, 200 Kopavogur, Iceland

Bibliografia

  • 1. I. Ahlén 1997. Migratory behaviour of bats at south Swedish coasts. Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde, 62: 375–380. Google Scholar
  • 2. I. Ahlén 2011. Fladdermusfaunan i Sverige. Arternas utbredning och status. Kunskapsläget 2011. [The bat fauna of Sweden. Present knowledge on distribution and status.] Fauna och Flora, 106: 2–19. [In Swedish], Google Scholar
  • 3. I. Ahlén , H. Baagøe , and L. Bach . 2009. Behavior of Scandinavian bats during migration and foraging at sea. Journal of Mammalogy, 90: 1318–1323. Google Scholar
  • 4. H. J. Baagøe 2007. Flagermus, Chiroptera. Pp. 40–99, in Danske pattedyr atlas. [Atlas of Danish bats.] ( H. J. Baagøe and T. S. Jensen , eds.). Gyldendalske Boghandel, Nordisk Forlag A/S, København, 392 pp. [In Danish], Google Scholar
  • 5. H. Baagøe , and D. Bloch . 1994. Bats (Chiroptera) in the Faroe Islands. Fróðskaparrit, 41 (1993): 83–88. Google Scholar
  • 6. L. H. Baldursdóttir 1960. Leðurblakan. [The bat.] Blik, 21: 86–87. [In Icelandic]. Google Scholar
  • 7. K. E. Barlow , and G. Jones . 1999. Roosts, echolocation calls and wing morphology of two phonic types of Pipistrellus pipistrellus. Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde, 64: 257–268. Google Scholar
  • 8. G. E. H. Barrett-Hamilton 1910–11. A history of British mammals. 1 Gurney and Jackson, London, xvi + 263 pp. Google Scholar
  • 9. C. J. Booth 1979. Assisted passage? Some unusual visitors to Orkney. Orkney Field Club Bulletin, (1): 6. Google Scholar
  • 10. C. J. Booth 1980. Pipistrelle bat. Orkney Field Club Bulletin, (1): 8. Google Scholar
  • 11. C. J. Booth 1986. Bats in Orkney. Orkney Field Club Bulletin, (1): 7–9. Google Scholar
  • 12. C. J. Booth 1989. Bats in Orkney 1987 and 1988. Orkney Field Club Bulletin, (1): 20. Google Scholar
  • 13. C. J. Booth 1992. Bats. Orkney Field Club Bulletin. Biological Records Supplement: 34. Google Scholar
  • 14. C. J. Booth 1993. Bats. Orkney Field Club Bulletin and Biological Records Supplement: 21. Google Scholar
  • 15. C. J. Booth 1994. Bats 1993. The Orkney Naturalist Bulletin: 38. Google Scholar
  • 16. C. J. Booth 1995. Bats 1994. Orkney Field Club Bulletin: 54. Google Scholar
  • 17. C. J. Booth 1996. Bats 1995. Orkney Field Club Bulletin: 43. Google Scholar
  • 18. C. J. Booth 1997. Bats 1996. Orkney Field Club Bulletin: 25. Google Scholar
  • 19. C. J. Booth 1998. Bats records 1997. Orkney Field Club Bulletin: 31. Google Scholar
  • 20. C. J. Booth 1999. Bats records 1998. Orkney Field Club Bulletin: 40. Google Scholar
  • 21. C. J. Booth 2000. Bats 1999. Orkney Field Club Bulletin: 54. Google Scholar
  • 22. C. J. Booth 2001. Bats in 2000. Orkney Field Club Bulletin: 41. Google Scholar
  • 23. C. J. Booth 2002. Bats 2001 records. Orkney Field Club Bulletin: 29–30. Google Scholar
  • 24. C. J. Booth 2003. Bats 2002. The Orkney Naturalist: 22. Google Scholar
  • 25. C. J. Booth 2005. Bats 2004. The Orkney Naturalist: 47. Google Scholar
  • 26. C. J. Booth 2006. Bats 2005. The Orkney Naturalist: 48–49. Google Scholar
  • 27. C. J. Booth 2007. Bat report 2006. The Orkney Naturalist: 47–48. Google Scholar
  • 28. C. J. Booth 2008. Bat report 2007. The Orkney Naturalist: 43. Google Scholar
  • 29. C. J. Booth 2009. Bat report 2008. The Orkney Naturalist: 46. Google Scholar
  • 30. C. J. Booth 2010. Bat report 2009. The Orkney Naturalist: 57. Google Scholar
  • 31. C. J. Booth 2011. Bat report 2010. The Orkney Naturalist: 57–58. Google Scholar
  • 32. C. J. Booth 2012. Bat report 2011. The Orkney Naturalist: 66. Google Scholar
  • 33. M. C. Caceres , and R. M. R. Barclay . 2000. Myotis septentrionalis. Mammalian Species, 634: 1–4. Google Scholar
  • 34. J. Cappelen 2011. Teknisk rapport 11–01. Danmarks klima 2010 med Tórshavn, Færøerne og Nuuk, Grønland. [Technical Report 11–01. Denmark's climate 2010 in Torshavn, Faroe Islands and Nuuk, Greenland.] Danmarks Meteorologiske Institut, København. Available at www.dmi.dk/dmi/tr11-01. [In Danish, with English summary]. Google Scholar
  • 35. G. B. Corbet 1970. Vagrant bats in Shetland and the North Sea. Journal of Zoology (London), 161: 281–282. Google Scholar
  • 36. P. M. Cryan 2003. Seasonal distribution of migratory tree bats (Lasiurus and Lasionycteris) in North America. Journal of Mammalogy, 84: 579–593. Google Scholar
  • 37. M. Degerbøl 1940. Mammalia. Pp. 1–132, in The zoology of the Faroes. Part 55 ( A. S. Jensen , W. Lundbeck , T. Mortensen and R. Spärck , eds.). A. F. Høst og Søn, Copenhagen. Google Scholar
  • 38. C. Dietz , O. von Helversen and D. Nill . 2009. Bats of Britain, Europe and northwest Africa. A&C Black Publishers Ltd., London, 400 pp. Google Scholar
  • 39. A. C. Entwistle , and S. M. Swift . 2008. Genus Plecotus. Pp. 364–370, in Mammals of the British Isles: handbook, 4th edition ( S. Harris and D. W. Yalden , eds.). The Mammal Society, Southampton, xiv + 799 pp. Google Scholar
  • 40. A. C. Entwistle , S. Harris , A. M. Hutson , P. A. Racey , A. Walsh , S. D. Gibson , I. Hepburn , and J. Johnston . 2001. Habitat management for bats. A guide for land managers, land owners and their advisors. Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough, 47 pp. Google Scholar
  • 41. K. Frafjord 2013. Influence of night length on home range size in the northern bat Eptesicus nilssonii. Mammalian Biology, 78: 205–211. Google Scholar
  • 42. F. GuĐ;mundsson 1943. Leðurblökuheimsóknin. [The bat visit.] Náttúrufræðingurinn, 13: 153–154. [In Icelandic]. Google Scholar
  • 43. F. Guđmundsson 1944. Ný leðurblökuheimsókn. [Another bat encounter in Iceland.] Náttúrufræðingurinn, 14: 143. [In Icelandic]. Google Scholar
  • 44. F. Guđmundsson 1957. Leðurblaka handsömuð í Selvogi. [A bat captured in Selvogur, SW-Iceland.] Náttúrufræðingurinn, 27: 143–144. [In Icelandic]. Google Scholar
  • 45. J. F. Haddow , and J. S. Herman . 1995. Recorded distribution of bats in Scotland. Scottish Bats, 3: 32–37. Google Scholar
  • 46. J. F. Haddow , and J. S. Herman . 1997. New record of Nathusius' pipistrelle from Scotland. Scottish Bats, 4: 6–7. Google Scholar
  • 47. J. F. Haddow , and J. S. Herman . 2000. Recorded distribution of bats in Scotland. Scottish Bats, 5: 35–47. Google Scholar
  • 48. R. W. Hayman 1959. American bats reported in Iceland. Journal of Mammalogy, 40: 245–246. Google Scholar
  • 49. J. S. Herman 1992. The earliest record of Nathusius' pipistrelle from the British Isles. Scottish Bats, 1: 48. Google Scholar
  • 50. J. E. Hill , and J. D. Smith . 1984. Bats. A natural history. British Museum Natural History, Dorchester, 243 pp. Google Scholar
  • 51. J. E. Hill , and D. W. Yalden . 1990. The status of the hoary bat, Lasiurus cinereus, as a British species. Journal of Zoology (London), 222: 694–697. Google Scholar
  • 52. H. B. Hitchcock 1943. Hoary bat, Lasiurus cinereus, at Southampton Island, N.W.T. Canadian Field Naturalist, 57: 86. Google Scholar
  • 53. M. Holmes 1994. The most northerly bat colony in the British Isles. Bat News, 34 (July): 6–7. Google Scholar
  • 54. M. Holmes , P. A. Racey , and J. Rydell . 1995. Do pipistrelles use night roosts. Scottish Bats, 3: 19. Google Scholar
  • 55. A. M. Hutson 1993. Action plan for the conservation of bats in the United Kingdom. The Bat Conservation Trust, London, 49 pp. Google Scholar
  • 56. A. M. Hutson 1997. Two species of bat new to the UK. Bat News, 47 (July): 2. Google Scholar
  • 57. A. M. Hutson 2008a. Accidental imports from America. Pp. 374–375, in Mammals of the British Isles: handbook, 4th edition ( S. Harris and D. W. Yalden , eds.). The Mammal Society, Southampton, xiv + 799 pp. Google Scholar
  • 58. A. M. Hutson 2008b. Genus Eptesicus. Pp. 357–361, in Mammals of the British Isles: handbook, 4th edition ( S. Harris and D. W. Yalden , eds.) The Mammal Society, Southampton, xiv + 799 pp. Google Scholar
  • 59. R. Hutterer , T. Ivanova , C. Meyer-Cords , and L. Rodrigues . 2005. Bat migrations in Europe. A review of banding data and literature. Naturschutz und Biologische Vielfalt, 28: 1–162. Google Scholar
  • 60. J. Jakobsson 1967. Leðurblökur á Íslandi. [Bats found in Iceland.] Veðrið, 12(2): 39–45. [In Icelandic]. Google Scholar
  • 61. J-K. Jensen 2001. An invasion of migrating insects (Syrphidae and Lepidoptera) on the Faroe Islands in September 2000. Norwegian Journal of Entomology, 48: 263–267. Google Scholar
  • 62. J-K. Jensen , and H. E. Sivertsen, 2010. Firvaldar 155 ymiskir firvaldar í Føroyum. [Butterflies. 155 different butterflies in Faroe Islands.] Føroyar Skúlabókagrunnur, Tórshavn, 208 pp. [Faroese]. Google Scholar
  • 63. G. Jones , and P. A. Racey . 2008. Genus Pipistrellus. Pp. 343–351, in Mammals of the British Isles: handbook, 4th edition ( S. Harris and D. W. Yalden , eds.). The Mammal Society, Southampton, xiv + 799 pp. Google Scholar
  • 64. S. Kaaber , P. Gjelstrup , D. Bloch , and J-K. Jensen . 1994. Invasion af Admiralen (Vanessa atalanta L.) og andre sommerfugle på Færøerne i 1992. [Invasion of red admiral (Vanessa atalanta L.) and other butterflies in the Faroe Islands in 1992.] Fróđskaparrit, 41 (1993): 125–149. [In Danish]. Google Scholar
  • 65. A. G. V. Keyserling , and I. H. Blasius . 1839. Ubersicht der Gattungs und Archcharaktere. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 5, 1: 293–331. Google Scholar
  • 66. K. F. Koopman , and F. Gudmundsson . 1966. Bats in Iceland. American Museum Novitates, 2262: 1–6. Google Scholar
  • 67. A. Krzanowski 1977. Contribution to the history of bats on Iceland. Acta Theriologica, 22: 272–273. Google Scholar
  • 68. H. Kuhl 1817. Die deutschen Fledermäuse. Privately published, Hanau, 67 pp. Google Scholar
  • 69. J. Laing 1815. A voyage to Spitzbergen: containing a full description of that country, of the zoology of the North, and of the Shetland Isles, with an account of the Whale Fishery. J. Mawman, London and David Brown, Edinburgh, 173 pp. Google Scholar
  • 70. Leach, 1825. Description of the Vespertilio pygmaeus, a new species, recently discovered in Devonshire. Zoological Journal, 1(4): 559–561. Google Scholar
  • 71. J. E. LeConte 1831. In H. McMurtrie . The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization by the Baron Cuvier (translated from French with notes and additions by H. McMurtrie). H. Carvill, New York, 1: 1–448. [Not seen]. Google Scholar
  • 72. C. Linnaeus 1758. Systema naturae, 10th edition. Holmiae, 823 pp. Google Scholar
  • 73. G. Low 1879. A tour through the islands of Orkney and Schetland containing hints relative to their ancient modern and natural history collected in 1774; and with an introduction by Joseph Anderson. William Peace and Son, Kirkwall, xi + 223 pp. Google Scholar
  • 74. M. Lundy , I. Montgomery , and J. Russ . 2010. Climate-change linked range expansion of Nathusius' pipistrelle bat, Pipistrellus nathusii (Keyserling & Blasius, 1839). Journal of Biogeography, 37: 2232–2242. Google Scholar
  • 75. I. J. Mackie , and P. A. Racey . 2008. Noctule Nyctalus noctula. Pp. 338–342, in Mammals of the British Isles: handbook, 4th edition ( S. Harris and D. W. Yalden , eds .) The Mammal Society, Southampton, xiv + 799 pp. Google Scholar
  • 76. J. G. Marwick 1931. Long-eared bat in Orkney. Scottish Naturalist: 88. Google Scholar
  • 77. T. Møbjerg , and J. Rosing . 2001. Folkekunst i Grønland gennem 1000 år. [Folk art in Greenland through 1000 years.] Borgens Forlag, København, 261. pp [In Danish]. Google Scholar
  • 78. Ordnance Survey . 1999. Gazetteer of Great Britain, 4th edition. Ordnance Survey, Southampton and Macmillan Reference Ltd., London, xvii + 791 pp. Google Scholar
  • 79. A. M. F. J. Palisot de Beauvois 1796. Catalogue raisonné du muséum de Mr. C. W. Peale, Philadelphia. Parent, Philadelphia, 42 pp. Google Scholar
  • 80. C. Parmesan , N. Ryrholm , C. Stefanescu , J. K. Hill , C. D. Thomas , H. Descimon , B. Huntley , L. Kaila , J. Kullberg , T. Tammaru , et al. 1999. Poleward shifts in geographical ranges of butterfly species associated with regional warming. Nature, 399: 579–583. Google Scholar
  • 81. C. Parmesan , and G. Yohe . 2003. A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems. Nature, 421: 37–42. Google Scholar
  • 82. T. Pennant 1784. Arctic zoology. Volume 1. Introduction. Class 1. Quadrupeds. Robert Faulder, London, 185 pp. Google Scholar
  • 83. A. Petersen 1993. Leðurblökukomur til Íslands. [Arrival of bats in Iceland.] Pp. 347–351, in Villt íslensk spendýr ( P. Hersteinsson and G. Sigbjarnarson , eds.). Hið íslenska náttúrufræðifélag and Landvernd, Reykjavík, 351 pp. [In Icelandic]. Google Scholar
  • 84. A. Petersen 1994. Leðurblökur á Íslandi. [The occurrence of bats (order Chiroptera) in Iceland.] Náttúrufræðingurinn, 64 (1): 3–12. [Icelandic, with English summary]. Google Scholar
  • 85. G. Pētersons 2004. Seasonal migrations of north-eastern populations of Nathusius' bat Pipistrellus nathusii (Chiroptera). Myotis, 41–42: 29–56. Google Scholar
  • 86. G. Pétursson , and K. H. Skarphéđinsson . 1978. Flækingsfuglar á SV-landi haustuið 1977. [Vagrant birds in SW-Iceland, autumn 1977.] Náttúruverkur, 5: 10–31. [In Ice-landic, with English summary]. Google Scholar
  • 87. E. D. Pierson 1998. Tall trees, deep holes, and scarred land-scapes. Conservation biology of North American bats. Pp. 309–325, in Bat biology and conservation ( T. H. Kunz and P. A. Racey , eds.). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C., xiv + 365. Google Scholar
  • 88. W. Preyer 1862. Systematische Uebersicht der Rückgratthiere Islands. Pp. 375–434, in Reise nach Island im Sommer 1860. (Mit wissenschaftlichen Anhängen). ( W. Preyer and F. Zirkel ). F. A. Brockhaus, Leipzig, 499 pp. Google Scholar
  • 89. V. Prydatko , V. Makarenko , and G. Kolomytsev . 2011. Lesser Noctule (Nyctalus leisleri) habitats change modelling in EEBIO Region in scope of the IMAGE climate change data: GLM-scenario by 2050. Biomodel. Vefsíða. http://biomodel.info/species/lesser-noctule-nyctalus-leisleri/ . Google Scholar
  • 90. P. A. Racey 1977. A vagrant noctule in Orkney. Journal of Zoology (London), 183: 555–556. Google Scholar
  • 91. P. A. Racey , E. M. Barratt , T. M. Burland , R. Deaville , D. Gotelli , G. Jones , and S. B. Piertney . 2007. Microsatellite DNA polymorphism confirms reproductive isolation and reveals differences in population genetic structure of cryptic pipistrelle bat species. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 90: 539–550. Google Scholar
  • 92. P. A. Racey , I. J. Mackie , and A. M. Hutson . 2008. Genus Vespertilio. Pp. 361–362, in Mammals of the British Isles: handbook, 4th edition ( S. Harris and D. W. Yalden , eds.). The Mammal Society, Southampton, xiv + 799 pp. Google Scholar
  • 93. H. Rebelo , P. Tarroso , and G. Jones . 2010. Predicted impact of climate change on European bats in relation to their biogeographic patterns. Global Change Biology, 16: 561–576. Google Scholar
  • 94. J. Ritchie 1927. A long flight — the particoloured bat (Vespertilio murinus) in Scotland. Scottish Naturalist: 101–103. Google Scholar
  • 95. J. Rolland , F. L. Condamine , F. Jiguet , and H. Morlon . 2014. Faster speciation and reduced extinction in the tropics contribute to the mammalian latitudinal diversity gradient. PLoS Biology, 12: e1001775. Google Scholar
  • 96. J. M. Russ 2008. Species profile: Nathusius' pipistrelle. Bat News, 34 (Summer): 6–7. Google Scholar
  • 97. J. M. Russ , J. K. O'Neill , and W. I. Montgomery . 1998. Nathusius' pipistrelle Pipistrellus nathusii (Keyserling & Blasius, 1839) breeding in Ireland. Journal of Zoology (London), 245: 345–349. Google Scholar
  • 98. J. M. Russ , A. M. Hutson , W. I. Montgomery , P. A. Racey , and J. R. Speakman . 2001. The status of Nathusius' pipistrelle (Pipistrellus nathusii Keyserling & Blasius, 1839) in the British Isles. Journal of Zoology (London), 254: 91–100. Google Scholar
  • 99. O. Ryberg 1947. Studies on bats and bat parasites. Svensk Natur, Stockholm, 330 pp. Google Scholar
  • 100. J. Rydell , K.-B. Strann , and J. R. Speakman . 1994. First record of breeding bats above the Arctic Circle: northern bats at 68–70°N in Norway. Journal of Zoology (London), 233: 335–339. Google Scholar
  • 101. J. C. D. Schreber , von . 1774 Die Säugethiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen. 1(1). Leipzig, 188 pp. Google Scholar
  • 102. C. B. Sheil , G. Jones , and D. Waters . 2008. Genus Nyctalus. Pp. 334–338, in Mammals of the British Isles: handbook, 4th edition ( S. Harris and D. W. Yalden , eds.). The Mammal Society, Southampton, xiv + 799 pp. Google Scholar
  • 103. H. A. Sherwin , W. I. Montgomery , and M. G. Lundy . 2013. The impact and implications of climate change for bats. Mammal Review, 43: 171–182. Google Scholar
  • 104. Y Siivonen , and T. Wermundsen . 2008. Distribution and foraging habitats of bats in northern Finland: Myotis daubentonii occurs north of the Arctic Circle. Vespertilio, 12: 41–48. Google Scholar
  • 105. N. B. Simmons 2005. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 312–529, in Mammal species of the World: a taxonomic and geographic reference, 3rd edition ( D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder eds.). Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Volume 1: xxxv + 743 pp. Google Scholar
  • 106. J. R. Speakman , P. A. Racey , A. M. Hutson , P. I. Webb , and A. M. Burnett . 1991. Status of Nathusius' pipistrelle (Pipistrellus nathusii) in Britain. Journal of Zoology (London), 225: 685–690. Google Scholar
  • 107. J. R. Speakman , P. A. Racey , J. McLean , and A. C. Entwistle . 1993. Six new records of Nathusius’ pipistrelle Pipistrellus nathusii for Scotland. Scottish Bats, 2: 14–16. Google Scholar
  • 108. J. R. Speakman , P. A. Racey , and J. Rydell . 1995. Second British record for the Northern Bat Eptesicus nilssonii: from a North Sea oil platform. Scottish Bats, 3: 9. Google Scholar
  • 109. M. Spence 1909. Pipistrelle bat in Orkney. Annals of Scottish Natural History: 47. Google Scholar
  • 110. G. Stansfield 1966. Parti-coloured bat Vespertilio murinus L. from a North Sea drilling rig. Journal of Zoology (London), 150: 491–492. Google Scholar
  • 111. R. E. Stebbings 1970. A bat new to Britain, Pipistrellus nathusii, with notes on its identification and distribution in Europe. Journal of Zoology (London), 161: 282–286. Google Scholar
  • 112. R. E. Stebbings 1986. Which bat is it? A guide to bat identification in Great Britain and Ireland. The Mammal Society and The Vincent Wildlife Trust, London, 49 pp. Google Scholar
  • 113. R. E. Stebbings , D. W. Yalden , and J. S. Herman . 2007. Which bat is it? A guide to bat identification in Great Britain and Ireland, 3rd edition. The Mammal Society, London, 48 pp. Google Scholar
  • 114. P. Strelkov 1969. Migratory and stationary bats (Chiroptera) of the European part of the Soviet Union. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 14: 393–440. Google Scholar
  • 115. J. E. Swenson , A. Bjørge , K. Kovacs , P. O. Syvertsen , Ø. Wiig , and A. Zedrosser . 2010. Pattedyr Mammalia. Pp. 431–455, in Norsk Rødliste for arter 2010. The 2010 Norwegian Red List for Species ( J. A. Kålås , Å. Viken , S. Henriksen , and S. Skjelseth , eds.). Artsdatabanken, Trondheim, 480 pp. Google Scholar
  • 116. S. M. Swift 2004. Bat species in Scotland. Pp. 1–39, in A review of European Bat Lyssavirus (EBLV) and the status of bats in Scotland ( P. A. Racey , R. Raynor and S. Pritchard , eds.). Scottish Natural Heritage Commissioned Report, No. 063, 121 pp. Google Scholar
  • 117. P. O. Syvertsen , T. A. Stormark , M. Nordseth , and T. Starholm . 1995. A tentative assessment of bat diversity and distribution in Norway. Myotis, 32–33: 183–191. Google Scholar
  • 118. A. Sztencel-Jabłonka , and W. Bogdanowicz . 2012. Population genetics study of common (Pipistrellus pipistrellus) and soprano (Pipistrellus pygmaeus) pipistrelle bats from central Europe suggests interspecific hybridization. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 90: 1251–1260. Google Scholar
  • 119. C. D. Thomas , and J. J. Lennon . 1999. Birds extend their ranges northwards. Nature, 399: 213. Google Scholar
  • 120. R. H. F. Thorne 1983. Shetland animal studies. Education Committee, Shetland Islands Council, Shetland, 128 pp. [Not seen]. Google Scholar
  • 121. E.-L. Trouessart 1897. Catalogus mammalium tam viventium quam fossilium. 1. R. Friedländer & Sohn, Berolini, 664 pp. Google Scholar
  • 122. J. S. Tulloch 1904. Bat in Shetland. Annals of Scottish Natural History: 125. Google Scholar
  • 123. L. S. V. Venables , and U. M. Venables . 1955. Birds and Mammals of Shetland. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, xii + 391 pp. Google Scholar
  • 124. M. E. Visser , and L. J. M. Holleman . 2001. Warmer springs disrupt the synchrony of oak and winter moth phenology. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 268B: 289–294. Google Scholar
  • 125. G.-R. Walther , E. Post , P. Convey , A. Menzel , C. Parmesan , T. J. C. Beebee , J.-M. Fromentin , O. Hoegh-Guldberg , and F. Bairlein . 2002. Ecological responses to recent climate change. Nature, 416: 389–395. Google Scholar
  • 126. J. Wolley 1849. Occurrence of a foreign bat in Orkney. Zoologist, 7: 2343. Google Scholar
  • 127. J. Wolley 1850. Occurrence of a foreign bat in Orkney. Zoologist, 8: 2813. Google Scholar
  • 128. D. W. Yalden 2008. Genus Lasiurus. Pp. 334, Mammals of the British Isles: handbook, 4th edition ( S. Harris and D. W. Yalden , eds.). The Mammal Society, Southampton, xiv + 799 pp. Google Scholar
  • 129. D. W. Yalden , and P. A. Morris . 1975. The lives of bats. David and Charles, Newton Abbot, 247 pp. Google Scholar

Uwagi

Rekord w opracowaniu

Typ dokumentu

Bibliografia

Identyfikatory

Identyfikator YADDA

bwmeta1.element.agro-e72cb7d3-6b48-4e84-b697-1a90929074f1
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.