Phthalates - widespread occurrence and the effect on male gametes. Part 2. The effects of phthalates on male gametes and on the offspring

• Autorzy: Dobrzynska M.M.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The general exposure to endocrine disruptors, including phthalates, is considered as one of the reason diminished sperm count and deteriorated sperm quality, which may lead to infertility and higher incidence of congenital malformations of the genital tract. This article describes the effects of selected phthalates di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP); butylbenzyl phthalate (BBP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-isononyl phthalate (DINP) on the male gametes, reproduction and the offspring of exposed animals. Results of several papers in vitro showed that above mentioned phthalates are weakly estrogenic, whereas in vivo studies showed that they have rather antiandrogenic abilities. Review of papers regarding to laboratory animals confirmed that phthalates cause diminished sperm count, increased frequency of abnormal spermatozoa and DNA damage in germ cells, especially after chronic exposure and in case exposure of immature animals. Phthalates may induce in male gametes mutations leading to increased pre- and postnatal mortality of the offspring and to incidence of congenital malformations, growth retardation, delay in sexual development, shortening of anogenital distance in males, disturbances in sex ratio and diminished quality of semen in F1 generation. The sensitivity on mammalian life stages on phthalates seems to be as follows: fetal>peripubertal>adult. The human studies provided limited evidence of an association between phthalate exposure and semen quality. Concentration of phthalates in semen of men at the level from 0.08 to 1.32 mg/kg was related to declined semen quality and infertility. Majority of human data showed the connection of increased level of phthalates in urine and sperm quality, however on the basis results of other studies, the impact of environmental exposure on sperm parameters seems to be rather small.

PL

Powszechne narażenie na substancje estrogenopodobne, w tym na ftalany, jest uważane za jedną z przyczyn zmniejszającej się liczbności gamet męskich oraz pogarszającej się ich jakości, co może prowadzić do niepłodności oraz zwiększonej częstości wad wrodzonych układu rozrodczego. Niniejszy artykuł opisuje wpływ wybranych ftalanów: butylobenzylu (BBP), dibutylu (DBP) i dietyloheksylu (DEHP), dietlylu (DEP) oraz diizononylu (DINP) na gamety męskie, reprodukcję oraz na potomstwo narażanych zwierząt. Wyniki wcześniejszych badań in vitro wykazały, że wymienione ftalany wykazują słabe działanie estrogenne, natomiast wyniki in vivo świadczą raczej o ich antyandrogennych właściwościach. Analiza publikacji dotyczących zwierząt laboratoryjnych potwierdziła, że ftalany powodują zmniejszenie liczebności gamet męskich, zwiększoną częstość występowania plemników o nieprawidłowej budowie oraz uszkodzeń DNA komórek płciowych, szczególnie w przypadku narażania chronicznego lub narażania zwierząt niedojrzałych płciowo. Ftalany mogą indukować w gametach męskich mutacje powodujące zwiększoną śmiertelność pre- i postnatalną potomstwa, jak również zwiększoną częstość wad wrodzonych, opóźnienia we wzroście i osiąganiu dojrzałości płciowej, skrócenie odległości anogenitalnej u samców, zaburzenia stosunku płci oraz pogorszenie jakości nasienia w pokoleniu F1. Wrażliwość stadiów życiowych ssaków na ftalany przedstawia się następująco: płody>osobniki niedojrzałe>dorosłe. Znacznie mniej informacji opublikowano na temat wpływu ftalanów na jakość nasienia ludzkiego. Uważa się, że stężenie ftalanów w nasieniu ludzkim od 0.08 do 1.32 mg/kg wpływa na pogorszenie jego jakości i niepłodność. Większość wyników badań na materiale ludzkim wykazała związek podwyższonego stężenia ftalanów w moczu z jakością gamet, jednakże na podstawie innych badań, wpływ narażenia środowiskowego na parametry nasienia wydaje się raczej niewielki.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

phthalate; occurrence; male; germ cell; progeny; sperm; quality; perinatal exposure; prenatal exposure; mammal; man

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny
• Rocznik: 2016
• Tom: 67
• Numer: 3
• Opis fizyczny: p.209-221,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Dobrzynska M.M.

• Department of Radiation Hygiene and Radiobiology, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene, 24 Chocimska Street, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland

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