Zawartość chloropropanodioli w kwasowych hydrolizatach białek roślinnych i sosach sojowych

• Autorzy: Kowalska D.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Content of chloropropanediols in acid hydrolysates of vegetable proteins and in soy sauces

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

PL

W wielu krajach azjatyckich sosy sojowe są tradycyjnymi, od wieków stosowanymi przyprawami smakowo-zapachowymi dodawanymi do żywności w toku produkcji wyrobów spożywczych, jak i przyprawami stołowymi do indywidualnego uznania konsumenta. Światowa roczna produkcja sosu sojowego wynosi ponad 10 mld litrów (10 mln ton). Największym producentem sosu sojowego są Chiny (5 mln ton). Chiny są również głównym jego eksporterem (ponad 94 tys. ton). Obserwowana jest ekspansja tych produktów na rynki krajów Europy i Ameryki. Stosuje się dwie główne grupy metod produkcji sosów sojowych: fermentacyjne i polegające na kwasowej hydrolizie białek. Produkcja sosów sojowych według technologii tradycyjnych (metody fermentacyjne) jest długotrwała, a przez to kosztowna. Rozwijane są zatem technologie polegające na fermentacji “przyspieszonej” bądź wykorzystujące surowce semisyntetyczne (kwasowe hydrolizaty białek roślinnych – HVP). Na przełomie lat 70. i 80. XX w. stwierdzono obecność w HVP i produkowanych na bazie HVP sosach sojowych 3-monochloropropanodiolu (3-MCPD), a potem obecność 2-MCPD, dichloropropanoli (DCP) oraz estrów chloropochodnych propanodioli i propanolu z kwasami tłuszczowymi. Związki te są szkodliwe dla zdrowia, a spożywane w większych ilościach wywołują zmiany rakotwórcze, choroby nerek i zaburzenia reprodukcyjne. W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono przegląd literaturowy dotyczący produkcji sosów sojowych. Celem tego przeglądu było zebranie informacji dotyczących technologii produkcji sosów sojowych. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na obecność 3-MCPD. Omówiono regulacje prawne i metody analityczne dotyczące oznaczania 3-monochloropropanodiolu.

EN

In many Asian countries, soy sauces are traditional products that have been used for ages as aromatic and flavouring spices added to foods during their manufacture; they are also used as table condiments applied at the individual discretion of consumers. The annual world production of soy sauces amounts to over 10 billion (bn) litres (10 m tonnes). China is the largest producer of soy sauces (5 m tonnes) and their main exporter (over 94 thousand tonnes). Currently, soy sauces are reported to expand into the European and American markets. Two main groups of methods are applied to produce soy sauces: fermentation processes and procedures based on acid-hydrolysis of proteins. The production of soy sauces using the traditional (fermentation methods) technologies is time consuming and, thus, expensive. So, the technologies have been developed, which consist in the ‘accelerated’ fermentation or utilize semi-synthetic materials (HVP acid-hydrolyzed vegetable proteins). At the turn of 1970s and 1980s in the 20th century, 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) were found in HVP and in HVP-based soy sauces, and, later, 2-MCPD, dichloropropanols (DCP), and esters of chlorinated propanediols and propanol with fatty acids. Those compounds are harmful to health and, if eaten in larger quantities, they induce carcinogenic changes, kidney diseases, and reproductive disorders. In this research study, a review of reference literature is presented on the production of soy souses. The objective of the review was to compile information on the production technologies of soy sauces. In particular, the occurrence of 3-MCPD was highlighted. Law regulations were discussed as were the analytical methods of determining 3-MCPD.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

hydrolizaty bialkowe; hydrolizaty kwasowe; sos sojowy; chloropropanodiole; chloropropanole; chlorohydryna

EN

acidic hydrolysate; protein hydrolysate; soy sauce; chloropropanediol; chloropropanol; 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Żywność Nauka Technologia Jakość
• Rocznik: 2017
• Tom: 24
• Numer: 2
• Opis fizyczny: s.26-39,rys.,tab.,bibliogr.

Twórcy

autor

Kowalska D.

• Katedra Chemii, Wydział Nauk o Żywności, Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie, ul.Nowoursynowska 159 C, 02-776 Warszawa

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Identyfikatory

DOI

10.15193/zntj/2017/111/183