Assessment of quality attributes of endive (Cichorium endivia L.) depending on a cultivar and growing conditions

• Autorzy: Kowalczyk K. , Gajc-Wolska J. , Marcinkowska M. , Jabrucka-Pioro E.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Wpływ odmiany i warunków uprawy na cechy jakościowe endywii (Cichorum endivia L.)

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Endive plants were hydroponically grown in greenhouse control conditions. The aim of this investigation was to assess the biological quality of endive cultivated in three different growing media. Organic media: coconut fiber and wood fiber, were compared to rockwool, commonly used as a standard horticultural medium in greenhouse vegetable production. Three crispum leaf endive cultivars: ‘Galanti’, ‘Perceval’ and ‘Barundi’ and one latifolium leaf cultivar (escarole chicory): ‘Kethel’ were examined during the spring time. At about 10 days before harvest the plants were covered with low tunnel made from double-sided black and white foil to bleach the leaves and at 5–7 days before the end of the experiment nutrient solution was replaced by water to reduce the nitrate concentration in the leaves of endive. The content of dry matter, ascorbic acid, total soluble solids (TSS), total sugars (TS), phenolic acids and nitrates (NO3), P, K and Ca was determined in leaves of both bleached and not bleached plants. Also the antioxidant activity was measured by two assays DPPH and FRAP. The effect of cultivation substrate, cultivar, and bleaching treatment on the quality of endive appeared diversed. The unbleached endive showed a higher content of dry mass, higher concentrations of sugars, TSS, potassium, and calcium than the bleached plants. The bleached plants had significantly lower fresh mass of plants (by 33% in average), but in turn were characterized by higher concentrations of phosphorus and polyphenolic acids. Plants cultivated on wood fiber contained the smallest amount of nitrates, comparing to plants grown either on rockwool or coconut fiber. None of the investigated plants contained more nitrates than the acceptable level of nitrates for lettuce grown under cover. The antioxidant activity of endive plants measured by FRAP method was higher in not bleached endive plants than in the bleached ones. The antioxidant impact of endive plants expressed as DPPH was not reduced in response to bleaching. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in plants of ‘Kethel’.

PL

Rośliny endywii uprawiano hydroponicznie w kontrolowanych warunkach szklarniowych. Celem badań była ocena jakości biologicznej endywii uprawianej na trzech różnych podłożach. Porównywano podłoża organiczne – włókno kokosowe i drzewne – z wełną mineralną, podłożem powszechnie stosowanym w uprawie warzyw pod osłonami. Uprawiano, w terminie wiosennym, trzy odmiany endywii o kędzierzawych liściach: Galanti, Perceval i Barundi oraz jedną o liściach całobrzegich (escariola) – Kethel. Na około 10 dni przed zbiorem rośliny zastały przykryte dwustronną czarno-białą folią w celu bielenia liści, a na 5–7 dni przed końcem doświadczenia pożywkę do fertygacji zastąpiono wodą, aby zmniejszyć stężenie azotanów w liściach. Po zbiorze w roślinach bielonych i niebielonych badano zawartość suchej masy, kwasu askorbinowego, składników rozpuszczalnych w soku komórkowym (SRSK) oraz cukrów ogółem, kwasów fenolowych, azotanów (NO3), P, K i Ca. Aktywność antyoksydacyjną endywii mierzono metodami DPPH i FRAP. Stwierdzono zróżnicowany wpływ podłoża, odmiany i zabiegu bielenia na jakość endywii. Niebielona endywia miała większą zawartość suchej masy, cukrów, składników rozpuszczalnych w soku komórkowym (SRSK), potasu i wapnia niż rośliny po bieleniu. Rośliny po bieleniu osiągały niższą świeżą masę (średnio o 33%), ale z kolei zawierały więcej fosforu i kwasów polifenolowych. Rośliny uprawiane na podłożu z włókna drzewnego zawierały najmniejszą ilość azotanów w porównaniu z roślinami uprawianymi w matach z wełny mineralnej czy włókna kokosowego. Żadne z badanych roślin nie zawierały więcej azotanów niż wynosi dopuszczalny poziom azotanów w liściach sałaty z uprawy pod osłonami. Silniejsze właściwości antyoksydacyjne, mierzone metodą FRAP, stwierdzono u roślin endywii niepoddanych bieleniu niż bielonych. W przypadku metody DPPH nie stwierdzono istotnego zmniejszenia przeciwutleniających właściwości roślin endywii w wyniku zabiegu bielenia. Największą aktywność antyoksydacyjną stwierdzono u roślin odmiany ‘Kethel’.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

endive; Cichorium endivia; assessment; quality attribute; plant cultivar; growing condition; coconut fibre; rockwool; bleaching; nitrate; antioxidant activity

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus
• Rocznik: 2015
• Tom: 14
• Numer: 2
• Opis fizyczny: p.13-26,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Kowalczyk K.

• Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159 Nowoursynowska, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland

autor

Gajc-Wolska J.

• Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159 Nowoursynowska, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland

autor

Marcinkowska M.

• Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159 Nowoursynowska, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland

autor

Jabrucka-Pioro E.

• Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159 Nowoursynowska, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland

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