Promowanie wzrostu roślin przez bakterie z rodzaju Azospirillum oraz ich zastosowanie w rolnictwie

• Autorzy: Galazka A. , Bigos J. , Siebielec S.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Plant growth promotion by bacteria of the genus Azospirillum and their application in agriculture

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

PL

Bakterie z rodzaju Azospirillum są jednym z głównych rodzajów najpełniej scharakteryzowanym w grupie bakterii wspierających wzrost i rozwój roślin. W opracowaniu omówiono aspekty istotne dla interakcji Azospirillum z roślinami: tworzenie asocjacji, wzajemne oddziaływanie między bakteriami i korzeniami, wiązanie azotu i syntezę fitohormonów. Azospirillum aktywnie kolonizują przeważnie powierzchnię roślin. Asocjacja komórki Azospirillum do korzeni zachodzi w dwóch fazach. W pierwszym etapie tzw. adsorpcji jest indukowany przez glikoproteid flagellina, której obecność aktywuje drugi etap asocjacji. Bakterie z rodzaju Azospirillum zdolne są do wiązania azotu atmosferycznego. Geny strukturalne odpowiedzialne za wiązanie azotu (nif) są bardzo konserwatywne, podobne u wszystkich asymilatorów N2. Aktywator transkrypcji NifA jest potrzebny do ekspresji innych genów nif w odpowiedzi na dwa główne sygnały środowiskowe. Wiele genów bierze udział w procesie kolonizacji korzeni, wspieraniu rozwoju roślin i adaptacji do warunków w ryzosferze. Od dwóch dziesięcioleci Azospirillum pozostają w centrum uwagi naukowców, gdyż w odpowiednich warunkach mogą korzystnie oddziaływać na plonowanie wielu roślin uprawnych.

EN

Azospirillum represents the best characterized genus of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Four aspects of the Azospirillum plant root interaction are highlighted: associations, plant root interaction, nitrogen fixation and biosynthesis of plant growth hormones. Each of these aspects is dealt with in a comparative way. Azospirilla are predominantly surface colonizing bacteria. The attachment of Azospirillum cells to plant roots occurs in two steps. The polar flagellum, of which the flagellin was shown to be a glycoprotein, mediates the adsorption step. Nitrogen fixation structural genes (nif) are highly conserved among all nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The transcriptional activator NifA is required for expression of other nif genes in response to two major environmental signals. Many genes are involved in colonization of plant roots, plant-growth promotion, and properties related to rhizosphere adaptation. Those bacteria have been in the centre of scientific interest for the last two decades because under appropriate conditions members of this genus can enhance plant development and promote the yield of several agriculturally important crop plants.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Azospirillum; bakterie; asocjacja; wiazanie azotu; azot atmosferyczny; interakcja roslina-bakterie; korzenie; wzrost roslin; hormony wzrostu; fitohormony; szczepienie roslin; zastosowanie; rolnictwo

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Polish Journal of Agronomy
• Rocznik: 2015
• Numer: 23
• Opis fizyczny: s.48-62,rys.,tab.,bibliogr.

Twórcy

autor

Galazka A.

• Zakład Mikrobiologii Rolniczej, Instytut Uprawy Nawożenia i Gleboznawstwa – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, ul. Czartoryskich 8; 24-100 Puławy, Polska

autor

Bigos J.

• Zakład Mikrobiologii Rolniczej, Instytut Uprawy Nawożenia i Gleboznawstwa – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, ul. Czartoryskich 8; 24-100 Puławy, Polska

autor

Siebielec S.

• Zakład Mikrobiologii Rolniczej, Instytut Uprawy Nawożenia i Gleboznawstwa – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, ul. Czartoryskich 8; 24-100 Puławy, Polska

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