Can constant light exposure affect the thyroid gland in prepubertal male albino rats? Histological and ultrastructural study

• Autorzy: Abdel Gawad F.A. , El-Shaarawy E.A.A. , Arsanyos S.F. , Abd El-Galil T.I. , Awes G.N.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Background: Through scientific literature, there is evidence that light affects thyroid function in human, mice and rabbits. Constant light and sleep deprivation is also used as a form of human torture, as it has impact on cognitive performances. The present work was conducted to study the effect of constant light for short and long periods on the thyroid gland in the prepubertal male albino rats. Materials and methods: A total of 30 prepubertal male albino rats were used. The rats separated into three groups: group I (control); group II were those rats put under steady encompassing light (24 h/day, light intensity of 600 lux) for 4 weeks; and group III were the rats maintained in constant light for 3 months. The rat thyroid gland was subjected to histological and ultrastructural examination. Results: The rats exposed to light for long durations showed disturbed architecture; the follicles exhibited back to back arrangement (signs of hypertrophy with hyperplasia), lined by multiple layers of follicular cells or were lined by vacuolated cells. Few thyroid follicles exhibited cystic hyperplasia. Congested blood capillaries were demonstrated between the follicles. Conclusions: It can be concluded that the short-term exposure to constant light for 1 month had no apparent effect on thyroid gland tissues while longer exposure to light for 3 months had detrimental effects on the thyroid gland structure of male albino rats. (Folia Morphol 2019; 78, 2: 297–306)

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Folia Morphologica
• Rocznik: 2019
• Tom: 78
• Numer: 2
• Opis fizyczny: p.297–306,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Abdel Gawad F.A.

• Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Kasr Al Aini Street, Cairo, Egypt

autor

El-Shaarawy E.A.A.

• Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Kasr Al Aini Street, Cairo, Egypt

autor

Arsanyos S.F.

• Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Kasr Al Aini Street, Cairo, Egypt

autor

Abd El-Galil T.I.

• Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Kasr Al Aini Street, Cairo, Egypt

autor

Awes G.N.

• Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Kasr Al Aini Street, Cairo, Egypt

Bibliografia

• 1. Allan JS, Czeisler CA. Persistence of the circadian thyrotropin rhythm under constant conditions and after light-induced shifts of circadian phase. J Clin Endocrionol Metab. 2010; 79(2): 508–512, doi: 10.1210/jc.79.2.508.
• 2. Azevedo LH, Aranha AC, Stolf SF, et al. Evaluation of low intensity laser effects on the thyroid gland of male mice. Photomed Laser Surg. 2005; 23(6): 567–570, doi: 10.1089/pho.2005.23.567, indexed in Pubmed: 16356148.
• 3. Belviranli M, Baltaci KA. The relation between reduced serum melatonin levels and zinc in rats with induced hypothyroidism. Cell Biochem Funct. 2008; 26: 19–23.
• 4. Benstaali C, Mailloux A, Bogdan A, et al. Circadian rhythms of body temperature and motor activity in rodents their relationships with the light-dark cycle. Life Sci. 2001; 68(24): 2645–2656, indexed in Pubmed: 11400908.
• 5. Boelaert K, Franklyn JA. Thyroid hormone in health and disease. J Endocrinol. 2005; 187(1): 1–15
• 6. Castelhano C, Baumans V. The impact of light, noise, cage cleaning and in-house transport on welfare and stress of laboratory rats. J Sci. 2009; 43: 311–327.
• 7. Chi HC, Chen SL, Liao CJ. Thyroid hormone receptors promote metastasis of human hepatoma cells via regulation of regulation of trail. J Cell Death Differ. 2012; 19: 1802–1814.
• 8. Coomans CP, van den Berg SAA, Houben T, et al. Detrimental effects of constant light exposure and high-fat diet on circadian energy metabolism and insulin sensitivity. FASEB J. 2013; 27(4): 1721–1732, doi: 10.1096/fj.12-210898, indexed in Pubmed: 23303208.
• 9. Dauchy RT, Dauchy EM, Tirrell RP, et al. Dark-phase light contamination disrupts circadian rhythms in plasma measures of endocrine physiology and metabolism in rats. Comp Med. 2010; 60(5): 348–356, indexed in Pubmed: 21262119.
• 10. El-Mahalaway A, Salem M, Mousa A. The effect of potassium dichromate on convoluted tubules of the kidney of adult male albino rats and the possible protective role of ginseng. Egypt J Histol. 2015; 38(2): 157–167, doi: 10.1097/01.ehx.0000464738.41270.06.
• 11. Escribano BM, Díaz-Moreno A, Moreno A, et al. Impact of light/dark cycle patterns on oxidative stress in an adriamycin-induced nephropathy model in rats. PLoS One. 2014; 9(5): e97713, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097713, indexed in Pubmed: 24852173.
• 12. García-Marín R, de Miguel M, Fernández-Santos JM, et al. Melatonin-synthesizing enzymes and melatonin receptor in rat thyroid cells. Histol Histopathol. 2012; 27(11): 1429–1438, doi: 10.14670/HH-27.1429, indexed in Pubmed: 23018242.
• 13. Ghadiri E, Ahmadi R, Nargesi A. Effects of Darkness Stress on Thyroid Function. International Conference on Chemical, Agricultural and Medical Sciences (CAMS-2014) May 2-3, 2014 Antalya (Turkey). 2014, doi: 10.15242/iicbe.c514077.
• 14. Gibbons R, Hankey J. Influence of vertical illuminance on pedestrian visibility in crosswalks. Trans Res Record. 2009; 1973(1): 105–112, doi: 10.1177/0361198106197300113.
• 15. Gooley J, Chamberlain K, Smith K, et al. Exposure to room light before bedtime suppresses melatonin onset and shortens melatonin duration in humans. Endocrinology. 2011; 152(2): 742–742, doi: 10.1210/endo.152.2.zee742.
• 16. Hall LC, Salazar EP, Kane SR, et al. Effects of thyroid hormones on human breast cancer cell proliferation. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2008; 109(1-2): 57–66, doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2007.12.008, indexed in Pubmed: 18328691.
• 17. Hassanin KMA, Abd El-Kawi SH, Hashem KS. The prospective protective effect of selenium nanoparticles against chromium-induced oxidative and cellular damage in rat thyroid. Int J Nanomedicine. 2013; 8: 1713–1720, doi: 10.2147/IJN.S42736, indexed in Pubmed: 23658489.
• 18. Haugen BR. Drugs that suppress TSH or cause central hypothyroidism. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009; 23(6): 793–800, doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2009.08.003, indexed in Pubmed: 19942154.
• 19. Höfling DB, Chavantes MC, Juliano AG, et al. Low-level laser in the treatment of patients with hypothyroidism induced by chronic autoimmune thyroiditis: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Lasers Med Sci. 2013; 28(3): 743–753, doi: 10.1007/s10103-012-1129-9, indexed in Pubmed: 22718472.
• 20. Iglesias P, Díez JJ. Thyroid dysfunction and kidney disease. Eur J Endocrinol. 2009; 160(4): 503–515, doi: 10.1530/EJE-08-0837, indexed in Pubmed: 19095779.
• 21. Kalsbeek A. Functional connections between the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the thyroid gland as revealed by lesioning and viral tracing techniques in the rat. Endocrinology. 2000; 141(10): 3832–3841, doi: 10.1210/en.141.10.3832.
• 22. Kriegsfeld LJ, Silver R. The regulation of neuroendocrine function: Timing is everything. Horm Behav. 2006; 49(5): 557–574, doi: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2005.12.011, indexed in Pubmed: 16497305.
• 23. Kursawe R, Paschke R. Modulation of TSHR signaling by posttranslational modifications. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2007; 18(5): 199–207, doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2007.05.002, indexed in Pubmed: 17524661.
• 24. Mann DR, Bhat G, Stah CD, et al. Induction of a hypothyroid state during juvenile develop constant light affects pituitary thyroid axis. J Morphol Monkey. 2006; 18: 662–671.
• 25. Marin GR, Fernandez JM. Melatonin in the thyroid gland: regulation by thyroid-stimulating hormone and role in thyroglobulin gene expression. J Physiol Pharma. 2015; 66(5): 643–652.
• 26. Martín-Lacave I, Borrero MJ, Utrilla JC, et al. C cells evolve at the same rhythm as follicular cells when thyroidal status changes in rats. J Anat. 2009; 214(3): 301–309, doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.01044.x, indexed in Pubmed: 19245497.
• 27. Miler M, Branka S, Natasa N. Constant light affects pituitary-thyroid axis. J Morph. 2014; 275: 1161–1172.
• 28. Milosević V, Trifunović S, Sekulić M, et al. Chronic exposure to constant light affects morphology and secretion of adrenal zona fasciculata cells in female rats. Gen Physiol Biophys. 2005; 24(3): 299–309, indexed in Pubmed: 16308425.
• 29. Navara KJ, Nelson RJ. The dark side of light at night: physiological, epidemiological, and ecological consequences. J Pineal Res. 2007; 43(3): 215–224, doi: 10.1111/j.1600-079X.2007.00473.x, indexed in Pubmed: 17803517.
• 30. Olatunji BI, Sofola AO. Effect of continuous light and darkness exposures on the pituitary gonadal axis and thyroid activity in male rats. Afr J Biomed Res. 2001; 4: 119–122.
• 31. Patil, V, Dhurvey, V. Exposure to sodium fluoride affects thyroid follicular cells in albino rats. IJPAES. 2015; 5: 56–61.
• 32. Qureshi IZ, Mahmood T. Prospective role of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in attenuating hexavalent chromium-induced functional and cellular damage in rat thyroid. Toxicol Ind Health. 2010; 26(6): 349–359, doi: 10.1177/0748233710371109, indexed in Pubmed: 20504825.
• 33. Rajkovic V. Light and electron microscopic study of the thyroid gland in rats exposed to power-frequency electromagnetic fields. J Exp Biol. 2006; 209(17): 3322–3328, doi: 10.1242/jeb.02375.
• 34. Ratcliff R, Van Dongen HPA. Sleep deprivation affects multiple distinct cognitive processes. Psychon Bull Rev. 2009; 16(4): 742–751, doi: 10.3758/PBR.16.4.742, indexed in Pubmed: 19648462.
• 35. Rifaai AR, Abd El Baky FA. Histological and immunohistochemical study on the effect of constant light exposure on T lymphocyte subsets in the thymus and lymph node of male albino rats. J Histol. 2017; 40(1): 1110–1159.
• 36. Talaber G, Kvell K, Varecza Z, et al. Wnt-4 Protects Thymic Epithelial Cells Against Dexamethasone-Induced Senescence. Rejuvenation Res. 2011; 14(3): 241–248, doi: 10.1089/rej.2010.1110.
• 37. Thakkar BP, Zala VM, Ramachandran AV. Simultaneous melatonin administration effectively deprograms the negative influence of neonatal hypothyroidism on immature follicles but not on mature follicles and body and ovarian weights. J Endocrinol Metab. 2011; 1: 220–226, doi: 10.4021/jem54w.
• 38. Tunez I, Montilla P. Neuroprotective role of melatonin against Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease and other cerebral disorders. In: Tu´nez I; Montilla P, editors. Melatonin present and future. Nova Science Publishers Inc., New York 2007: 315–347.
• 39. Vinogradova IA, Anisimov VN, Bukalev AV, et al. Circadian disruption induced by light-at-night accelerates aging and promotes tumorigenesis in rats. Aging (Albany NY). 2009; 1(10): 855–865, doi: 10.18632/aging.100092, indexed in Pubmed: 20157558.
• 40. Weber JB, Mayer L, Cenci RA, et al. Effect of three different protocols of low-level laser therapy on thyroid hormone production after dental implant placement in an experimental rabbit model. Photomed Laser Surg. 2014; 32(11): 612–617, doi: 10.1089/pho.2014.3756, indexed in Pubmed: 25265487.
• 41. Yu Fu, Wang Z, Ju B, et al. Apoptotic effect of organophosphorus insecticide chlorpyrifos on mouse retina in vivo via oxidative stress and protection of combination of vitamins C and E. Exp Toxicol Pathol. 2008; 59(6): 415–423, doi: 10.1016/j.etp.2007.11.007, indexed in Pubmed: 18222074.
• 42. Zambrano A, García-Carpizo V, Gallardo ME, et al. The thyroid hormone receptor b induces DNA damage and premature senescence. J Cell Biol. 2014; 204(1): 129–146, doi: 10.1083/jcb.201305084, indexed in Pubmed: 24395638.
• 43. Zhang J, Wang X, Vikash V, et al. ROS and ROS-Mediated Cellular Signaling. Oxidative Med Cell Longev. 2016; 2016: 1–18, doi: 10.1155/2016/4350965.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.5603/FM.a2018.0073