1. Kacperska A. Plant responses to low temperature: signalling pathways involved in plant acclimation. In: Margesin R, Schinner F, editors Cold-adapted organisms: ecology, physiology, enzymology and molecular biology. Dusseldorf: Springer; 1999. p. 79–103.
2. Kalberer SR, Wisniewski M, Arora R. Deacclimation and reacclimation of cold-hardy plants: current understanding and emerging concepts. Plant Sci. 2006;171(1):3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2006.02.013
3. Welling A, Palva ET. Molecular control of cold acclimation in trees. Physiol Plant. 2006;127(2):167–181. http://dx.doi. org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.2006.00672.x
4. Søgaard G, Granhus A, Johnsen Ø. Effect of frost nights and day and night temperature during dormancy induction on frost hardiness, tolerance to cold storage and bud burst in seedlings of Norway spruce. Trees. 2009;23(6):1295–1307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00468-009-0371-7
5. Repo T. Rehardening potential of Scots pine seedlings during dehardening. Silva Fennica. 1991;25(1):13–21.
6. Leinonen I, Repo T, Hänninen H. Changing environmental effects on frost hardiness of Scots pine during dehardening. Ann Bot. 1997;79(2):133–137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbo.1996.0321
7. Levitt J. Responses of plants to environmental stresses: water, radiation, salt, and other stresses. 2nd ed. New York NY: Academic Press; 1980. (vol 1).
8. Glerum C. Frost hardiness of coniferous seedlings: principles and applications. In: Duryea ML, editor. Evaluating seedling quality: principles, procedures, and predictive abilities of major tests. Corvallis OR: Forest Research Laboratory, Oregon State University; 1985. p. 107–123.
9. Pukacki P. Freezing tolerance of Polish Norway spruce provenances. Arbor Kórnickie. 1982;26:149–159.
10. Pukacki P, Pukacka S. Freezing stress and membrane injury of Norway spruce (Picea abies) tissues. Physiol Plant. 1987;69(1):156–160. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1987.tb01960.x
11. Steponkus PL. Role of the plasma membrane in freezing injury and cold acclimation. Annu Rev Plant Physiol. 1984;35(1):543–584. http://dx.doi. org/10.1146/annurev.pp.35.060184.002551
12. Siminovitch D, Rheaume B, Pomeroy K, Lepage M. Phospholipid, protein, and nucleic acid increases in protoplasm and membrane structures associated with development of extreme freezing resistance in black locust tree cells. Cryobiology. 1968;5(3):202–225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ S0011-2240(68)80164-6
13. Senser M, Beck E. Frost resistance in spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.]: IV. The lipid composition of frost resistant and frost sensitive spruce chloroplasts. Z Pflanzenphysiol. 1982;105(3):241–253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ S0044-328X(82)80018-4
14. Senser M, Beck E. Frost resistance in spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.]: V. Influence of photoperiod and temperature on the membrane lipids of the needles. Z Pflanzenphysiol. 1982;108(1):71–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ S0044-328X(82)80092-5
15. Iivonen S, Saranpää P, Sutinen ML, Vapaavuori E. Effects of temperature and nutrient availability on plasma membrane lipid composition in Scots pine roots during growth initiation. Tree Physiol. 2004;24(4):437–446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/treephys/24.4.437
16. Selstam E, Öquist G. Effects of frost hardening on the composition of galactolipids and phospholipids occurring during isolation of chloroplast thylakoids from needles of scots pine. Plant Sci. 1985;42(1):41–48. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9452(85)90026-3
17. Yoshida S, Uemura M. Responses of the plasma membrane to cold acclimation and freezing stress. In: Larsson C, Møller IM, editors. The plant plasma membrane: structure, function and molecular biology. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 1990. p. 293–319.
18. Kamińska-Rożek E, Pukacki PM. Effect of freezing desiccation on cold hardiness, ROS, membrane lipid levels and antioxidant status in spruce seedlings. Acta Soc Bot Pol. 2005;74:219–228.
19. Larcher W. Physiological plant ecology: ecophysiology and stress physiology of functional groups. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer; 2003.
20. Kedrowski RA. Changes in cold hardiness of introduced and native interior Alaskan evergreens in relation to water and lipid content during spring dehardening. Physiol Plant. 1980;48(3):438–442. http://dx.doi. org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1980.tb03282.x
21. Zwiazek JJ, Renualt S, Croser C, Hansen J, Beck E. Biochemical and physiological changes in relation to cold hardiness. In: Bigras FJ, Colombo SJ, editors. Conifer cold hardiness. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 2001. p. 165–186.
22. Christersson L, Von Fircks H. Frost and winter desiccation as stress factors. Aquilo Ser Bot. 1990;29:13–19.
23. Pukacki PM, Przybył K. Frost injury as a possible inciting factor in bud and shoot necroses of Fraxinus excelsior L. J Phytopathol. 2005;153(9):512–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.2005.01010.x
24. Zwiazek JJ, Shay JM. The effects of sodium fluoride on cytoplasmic leakage and the lipid and fatty acid composition of jack pine (Pinus banksiana) seedlings. Can J Bot. 1988;66(3):535–541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b88-076
25. Boyer JS. Measuring the water status of plants and soils. San Diego CA: Academic Press; 1995.
26. Heath RL, Packer L. Photoperoxidation in isolated chloroplasts: I. Kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1968;125(1):189–198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(68)90654-1
27. Juaneda P, Rocquelin G. Rapid and convenient separation of phospholipids and non phosphorus lipids from rat heart using silica cartridges. Lipids. 1985;20(1):40–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02534360
28. Nichols BW, Harris RV, James AT. The lipid metabolism of blue-green algae. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1965;20(3):256.
29. Ames DN. Assay of inorganic phosphate, total phosphate and phosphatases. In: Colowick SP, Kaplan NO, editors. Methods in Enzymology. New York NY: Academic Press; 1966. p. 115–118.
30. Pukacki PM, Kendall EJ, McKersie BD. Membrane injury during freezing stress to winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crowns. J Plant Physiol. 1991;138(5):516–521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0176-1617(11)80233-6
31. Pukacki P, Kamińska-Rożek E. Long-term implications of industrial pollution stress on lipids composition in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) roots. Acta Physiol Plant. 2002;24(3):249–255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/ s11738-002-0048-y
32. Koski V. The timing of hardening and dehardening of forest trees. Acta Hortic. 1985;168:117–123.
33. Oquist G. Seasonally induced changes in acyl lipids and fatty acids of chloroplast thylakoids of Pinus silvestris. A correlation between the level of unsaturation of monogalactosyldiglyceride and the rate of electron transport. Plant Physiol. 1982;69(4):869–875. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.69.4.869
34. Yoshida S, Sakai A. Phospholipid changes associated with the cold hardiness of cortical cells from poplar stem. Plant Cell Physiol. 1973;14(2):353–359.
35. Kacperska A. Sensor types in signal transduction pathways in plant cells responding to abiotic stressors: do they depend on stress intensity? Physiol Plant. 2004;122(2):159–168. http://dx.doi. org/10.1111/j.0031-9317.2004.00388.x
36. Wang X, Li W, Li M, Welti R. Profiling lipid changes in plant response to low temperatures. Physiol Plant. 2006;126(1):90–96. http://dx.doi. org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.2006.00622.x
37. Pukacka S. Phospholipase D activity during long-term storage of Acer platanoides seeds in the imbibed state and desiccation of Acer saccharinum seeds. Acta Physiol Plant. 1993;15:147–153.
38. Senser M. Frost resistance in spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst]: III. Seasonal changes in the phospho- and galactolipids of spruce needles. Z Pflanzenphysiol. 1982;105(3):229–239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ S0044-328X(82)80017-2
39. Kendall EJ, McKersie BD. Free radical and freezing injury to cell membranes of winter wheat. Physiol Plant. 1989;76(1):86–94. http://dx.doi. org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1989.tb05457.x
40. Griffiths G, Leverentz M, Silkowski H, Gill N, Sánchez‐Serrano JJ. Lipid hydroperoxide levels in plant tissues. J Exp Bot. 2000;51(349):1363–1370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jexbot/51.349.1363
41. Munné-Bosch S, Alegre L. Drought-induced changes in the redox state of α-tocopherol, ascorbate, and the diterpene carnosic acid in chloroplasts of Labiatae species differing in carnosic acid contents. Plant Physiol. 2003;131(4):1816–1825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.102.019265
42. Golovina EA, Hoekstra FA, Hemminga MA. Drying increases intracellular partitioning of amphiphilic substances into the lipid phase impact on membrane permeability and significance for desiccation tolerance. Plant Physiol. 1998;118(3):975–986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.118.3.975
43. Grunwald C, Saunders PF. Function of sterols (and discussion). Phil Trans R Soc Lond B. 1978;284(1002):541–558. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/ rstb.1978.0088
44. Wang Y, Zwiazek JJ. Effects of storage temperature on physiological characteristics of fall-lifted white spruce (Picea glauca) bareroot seedlings. Can J For Res. 1999;29(6):679–686. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x99-038
45. Welling A, Rinne P, Viherä‐Aarnio A, Kontunen‐Soppela S, Heino P, Palva ET. Photoperiod and temperature differentially regulate the expression of two dehydrin genes during overwintering of birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.). J Exp Bot. 2004;55(396):507–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erh045
46. Christersson L. The influence of photoperiod and temperature on the development of frost hardiness in seedlings of Pinus silvestris and Picea abies. Physiol Plant. 1978;44(3):288–294. http://dx.doi. org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1978.tb08634.x
47. Welling A, Moritz T, Palva ET, Junttila O. Independent activation of cold acclimation by low temperature and short photoperiod in hybrid aspen. Plant Physiol. 2002;129(4):1633–1641. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.003814
48. Giertych M. Genetic variability of Polish spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] races. Arbor Kórnickie. 1976;21:189–211.