Differences in the structure of fruit buds in two apple cultivars with particular emphasis on features responsible for fruit storability and quality

• Autorzy: Konarska A.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Różnice w strukturze zawiązków owoców dwóch uprawnych odmian jabłoni ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem cech decydujących o ich trwałości i jakości

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

‘Jonagold’ and ‘Szampion’ are winter apple cultivars, whose fruits are suitable for long-term storage. However, fruits of these cultivars differ markedly in the type of the surface and the rate and volume of water transpiration, which is manifested in fruit quality after storage and the length of apple shelf life. A majority of factors responsible for fruit quality and storability are genetically conditioned traits that are mainly developed before fruits reach harvest maturity or still develop during the storage period. The micromorphology, anatomy, and ultrastructure of 21-day-old fruit buds of the ‘Jonagold’ and ‘Szampion’ were examined using light microscopy as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The analyses were particularly focused on the traits that determine fruit firmness and storability, which contribute to long-term storage capacity. It was found that the fruit buds in both cultivars differed significantly in the number of trichome scars and stomata on the fruit surface, the thickness of the hypodermis layer and the hypodermis cell walls, and in the content of phenolic compound deposits. At the fruit bud stage, the following features related to increased or decreased fruit firmness and storability were observed: platelet crystalline wax, cuticle microcracks, stomata and trichome scars, and presence of phenolic compounds.

PL

Jonagold’ i ‘Szampion’ należą do zimowych odmian jabłoni, których owoce są przystosowane do długotrwałego przechowywania. Jednak owoce różnią się wyraźnie rodzajem powierzchni oraz tempem i ilością transpirowanej wody, co przekłada się na jakość owoców po wyjęciu z przechowalni oraz na długość życia jabłek na półce sklepowej. Większość cech odpowiedzialnych za jakość i trwałość owoców to cechy uwarunkowane genetycznie, rozwijające się w różnym czasie. Mikromorfologię, anatomię oraz ultrastrukturę 21-dniowych zawiązków owoców odmian ‘Jonagold’ i ‘Szampion’ badano za pomocą mikroskopii świetlnej oraz elektronowej: skaningowej i transmisyjnej. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na cechy mające wpływ na jędrność oraz trwałość owoców. Stwierdzono, że zawiązki badanych odmian różniły się istotnie liczbą szparek i blizn włoskowych obecnych na jednostce powierzchni owocu, grubością pokładu hipodermy oraz jej ścian komórkowych, a także zawartością depozytów związków fenolowych. Na etapie zawiązka u obydwu odmian zaobserwowano następujące cechy mające związek ze wzrostem lub obniżeniem jędrności i trwałości owoców: wosk krystaliczny w postaci płytek, mikrospękania w kutykuli, szparki i blizny włoskowe oraz obecność związków fenolowych.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

ultrastructure; fruit set; apple; plant cultivar; Jonagold cultivar; apple tree; Szampion cultivar; apple fruit; fruit; fruit quality; fruit storage; storability; micromorphology; histology; cuticle; wax; phenol

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus
• Rocznik: 2014
• Tom: 13
• Numer: 5
• Opis fizyczny: p.91-105,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Konarska A.

• Department of Botany, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland

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