Control of postharvest decay of apple fruit with Trichoderma virens isolates and induction of defense responses

• Autorzy: Bordbar F T , Etebarian H.R. , Sahebani N. , Rohani H.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Zwalczanie pozbiorowego gnicia jablek izolatami Trichoderma virens i indukowanie reakcji obronnych

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The biocontrol activity of two isolates of Trichoderma virens against blue mould of apple fruits caused by Penicillium expansum and their ability to induce biochemical defense responses in apple tissue were investigated. Apple fruit (Malus domestica) wounds were inoculated with 20μl antagonist suspension (107 conidia/ml) of T. virens and 4 h later with 20 μl of conidial suspension of P. expansum (105 conidia/ml). The apples were then incubated at 20°C for 8 days. Lesion diameters were measured 4 and 8 days after inoculation with the pathogen. Two isolates of T. virens were effective in controlling decay of apple fruits caused by P. expansum. Six days after treatment peroxidase activity increased by more than three-fold in apple treated fruit in combination of antagonist and pathogen, in comparison with in wounded, non-inoculated control tissue. Catalase (CAT) activity increased in inoculated fruits in combination of T. virens and P. expansum in comparison with healthy control at all days and maximum activity level was noted at 6 days after inoculation. The results indicated that T6 and T8 isolates of T. virens caused the increase in β-1,3-glucanase activity that reached maximum levels 4 and 6 days after inoculation with pathogen, respectively. The increase in β-1,3-glucanase activity was triggered by wounding although the level of increase was markedly lower than detected in treated fruits. Phenolic compounds accumulation showed the highest levels 2-4 days after inoculation and then decreased. The ability of T. virens to increase the activity of peroxidase, catalase, β-1,3-glucanase and levels of phenolic compounds may be one of mechanisms responsible for its biocontrol activity.

PL

Badano aktywność biologicznego zwalczania dwóch izolatów Trichoderma virens w ograniczaniu niebieskiej pleśni wywoływanej przez Penicillium expansum oraz ich zdolność indukowania biochemicznych reakcji obronnych w tkance jabłek. Rany na jabłkach (Malus dimestica) inokulowano z 20 μl zawiesiny konidiów (107 konidiów/ml) T. virens, a po następnych 4 godzinach z 20 μl zawiesiny konidiów P. expansum (105 konidiów/ml), po czym jabłka inokulowano w 20°C w ciągu 8 dni. Po 4 i 8 dniach, po inokulacji patogenem, mierzono średnicę ran. Dwa izobaty T. virens wykazywały efektywność w zwalczaniu gnicia jabłek wywoływanego przez P. expansum. Sześć dni po tym zabiegu aktywność peroksydazy wzrastała ponad trzykrotnie w jabłkach traktowanych w kombinacji z antagonistą i patogenem, w porównaniu do nieuszkodzonej, nie inokulowanej tkanki owoców w kombinacji kontrolnej. Aktywność katalazy (CAT) wzrastała w inokulowanych owocach w kombinacji z T. virens i P. expansum we wszystkich odmianach w porównaniu do zdrowej kontroli, a maksymalny poziom aktywności stwierdzono 6 dni po inokulacji. Uzyskane wyniki wykazały, że izobaty T6 i T8 T. virens powodowały wzrost aktywności β-1,3- glukazyny, która osiągała odpowiednio maksymalne poziomy po 4 i 6 dniach po inokulacji patogenem. Zranienie stymulowało wzrost aktywności β-1,3-glukazyny, chociaż poziom wzrostu był znacznie niższy niż wykryty w owocach traktowanych. Akumulacja związków fenolowych była na najwyższym poziomie 2-4 dni po inokulacji i później zmniejszała się. Zdolność T. virens do zwiększania aktywności peroksydazy, katalazy, β-1,3-glukazyny oraz poziomu związków fenolowych może być jednym z mechanizmów odpowiedzialnych za procesy biologicznego zwalczania.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

decay control; post-harvest decay; apple fruit; apple fruit decay; fruit decay; Trichoderma virens; isolate; induction; defense response; Penicillium expansum; peroxidase; catalase; beta-1,3-glucanase

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Journal of Plant Protection Research
• Rocznik: 2010
• Tom: 50
• Numer: 2
• Opis fizyczny: p.146-152,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Bordbar F T

• University of Tehran, P.O.Box 11365-4117, Pakdasht, Tehran, Iran

autor

Etebarian H.R.

autor

Sahebani N.

autor

Rohani H.

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