PL
W omawianych państwach koordynację polityki przestrzennej prowadzą rządy przez właściwe centralne organy administracji, w zakresie swoich obowiązków i uprawnień znacznie przewyższających zakres działania odpowiednich polskich instytucji centralnych. Można wyróżnić dwa podstawowe modele kontroli państwa: brytyjski i niemiecki. Polski system gospodarowania przestrzenią jest ekstremalnym wydaniem modelu niemieckiego - wydaniem pozbawionym wielu istotnych elementów. Jednym z narzędzi ochrony publicznego interesu w gospodarce przestrzennej naszego kraju powinny być obligatoryjne standardy urbanistyczne.
EN
The article is one of the results of research work done by the author between 1996 and 1997 at the Institute of Physical Planning and Municipal Economy in Warsaw within the research program PB-4 entitled „Urban Planning Standards in Physical Planning". Its subject is the analysis of the various systems of space management in four countries of the European Union, namely France, Holland, Germany and Great Britain, all of them being distinguished by a high standard of physical planning. In the above-mentioned countries spatial management is co-ordinated by the government through appropriate central administration agencies whose range of duties and rights is far greater than those of corresponding Polish institutions. While supervising physical planning managed by local authorities, the following principle is observed: the greater independence is conceded to local authorities, the more extensive the government's control becomes. Two basic models of the government's supervision can be distinguished: - British, characterised by a considerable centralisation and the government's direct suervision of the decisions of local plans, - German, which is characterised, on the one hand, by a considerable decentralisation and the remarkable autonomy of municipalities, on the other by a well-developed regional planning and general regulations issued by federal authorities. French andDutch models have a lot in common with the British model, though in certain respects they seem to resemble the German one. The article features the principles of physical planning at the local and higher levels in these countries, the range of problems the standards refer to, their form and the control of their use. The paper concludes with a reference to Polish situation. It indicates the need to strengthen the department and its provincial agencies and to stimulate them to help municipalities administer space reasonably in order to control negative phenomena constituting a threat to the public weal - the space of Poland. The Polish system of physical planning is the extreme version of the German model - a version deprived of many essential elements. Poland differs from her western neighbours in that the urban planning standard and the social discipline of municipal authorities is lower, the urban planning personnel is smaller, the central administration agency is exceptionally weak. Urban planning standards should be one of the means to protect public interest in the realm of physical planning: certain restrictions must be observed unconditionally and, in addition, there should be optimal recommendations.