PL
W krajach rozwiniętych prowadzących gospodarkę rynkową zasadniczym problemem jest minimalizacja kosztów tej działalności. W latach 80. Rząd Wielkiej Brytanii podjął środki zastosowania mechanizmu przedsiębiorstw prywatnych do zarządzania i finansowania komunikacji miejskiej. Ten model prawno-ekonomiczny komunikacji pasażerskiej nazwano deregulacją. Jego wprowadzenie w Wielkiej Brytanii jest o tyle interesujące, że kraj ten już w drugiej połowie XIX w. rozpoczął wprowadzanie elementów socjalnych do polityki transportowej i udział uspołecznionych przedsiębiorstw w tym rodzaju transportu wynosił ok. 90% w latach 80. obecnego wieku.
EN
In the developed countries of market economy, the municipal transport is a socioeconomic activity, i.e. the passengers cover only a part of its current costs. An essential problem is to minimize the costs of this activity. In the 1980's the Government of Great Britain took steps in order to employ the mechanism of private enterprises to the management and finance of local transport, i.e. its privatisation, use of the competitive power for improving the profitability of its functionning, elimination of subsidies to a part of bus lines and limitation of subsidies granted to those lines which are ineffective but, for social reasons, cannot be liquidated. This legal-economic model of passenger traffic has been called a „disregulation". Its introduction in Great Britain is in so far interesting that some social elements were adopted to the transport policy in Great Britain already in the second half of the 19th century and the share of socialized enterprises in this kind of transport amounted to about 90 p.c. in the 1980's. It should be stressed that the role of the collective transport was strongly limited by the individual one (up to 15 p.c. in 1987). The article deals also with the legal-economic principles for the transport policy in the first period of its liberty (19th century), in the period of transport regulation (from the last quarter of the 19th century up to 1980) and finally, in the second period of transport liberty (from 1980 on). The influence of the political parties on the policy of transport in Great Britain has also been dealt with in the article.