Sex ratio of a population of Anatolian ground squirrels Spermophilus xanthoprymnus in Central Anatolia, Turkey

• Autorzy: Gur H. , Barlas N.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

We studied the sex ratio of a population of Anatolian ground squirrels,Spermophilus xanthoprymnus (Bennett, 1835), living in a steppe area about 50 km south of Ankara, Central Anatolia, Turkey in 1999–2001. The sex ratio among juveniles and yearlings did not differ from 1∶1, but the sex ratio among adults (≥ 2 years old) was biased toward females. We concluded that from their second summer of life as yearlings onwards, males experienced higher mortality than did females. Such higher mortality is common in ground squirrels, and is likely due to the risks encountered when males disperse from their natal areas.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Theriologica
• Rocznik: 2006
• Tom: 51
• Numer: 1
• Opis fizyczny: p.61-67,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Gur H.

• Hacettepe University, 06800, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey

autor

Barlas N.

Bibliografia

• Animal Care and Use Committee. 1998. Guidelines for the capture, handling, and care of mammals as approved by the American Society of Mammalogists. Journal of Mammalogy 79: 1416–1431.
• Armitage K. B. 1981. Sociality as a life-history tactic of ground squirrels. Oecologia 48: 36–49.
• Boag D. A. and Murie J. O. 1981. Population ecology of Columbian ground squirrels in southwestern Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 59: 2230–2240.
• Bronson M. T. 1979. Altitudinal variation in the life history of the golden-mantled ground squirrel (Spermophilus lateralis). Ecology 60: 272–279.
• Buck C. L. and Barnes B. M. 1999. Annual cycle of body composition and hibernation in free-living Arctic ground squirrels. Journal of Mammalogy 80: 430–442.
• Byrom A. E. and Krebs C. J. 1999. Natal dispersal of juvenile arctic ground squirrels in the boreal forest. Canadian Journal of Zoology 77: 1048–1059.
• Carl E. A. 1971. Population control in Arctic ground squirrels. Ecology 52: 395–413.
• Çolak R. and Özkurt Ş. 2002. Electrophoretic comparison of blood-serum proteins ofSpermophilus citellus andSpermophilus xanthoprymnus (Mammalia: Rodentia) in Turkey. Zoology in the Middle East 25: 5–8.
• Dobson F. S. 1982. Competition for mates and predominant juvenile male dispersal in mammals. Animal Behaviour 30: 1183–1192.
• Dobson F. S. and Kjelgaard J. D. 1985a. The influence of food resources on population dynamics in Columbian ground squirrels. Canadian Journal of Zoology 63: 2095–2104.
• Dobson F. S. and Kjelgaard J. D. 1985b. The influence of food resources on life history in Columbian ground squirrels. Canadian Journal of Zoology 63: 2105–2109.
• Dunford C. 1977. Behavioral limitation of round-tailed ground squirrel density. Ecology 58: 1254–1268.
• Greenwood P. J. 1980. Mating systems, philopatry and dispersal in birds and mammals. Animal Behaviour 28: 1140–1162.
• Gür H. and Gür M. K. 2005. Annual cycle of activity, reproduction, and body mass of Anatolian ground squirrels in Turkey. Journal of Mammalogy 86: 7–14.
• Hoffmann I. E., Millesi E., Huber S., Everts L. G. and Dittami J. P. 2003. Population dynamics of European ground squirrels (Spermophilus citellus) in a suburban area. Journal of Mammalogy 84: 615–626.
• Holekamp K. E. 1984. Dispersal in ground-dwelling sciurids. [In: The biology of ground-dwelling squirrels: annual cycles, behavioral ecology, and sociality. J. O. Murie and G. R. Michener, eds]. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln: 297–320.
• Karabağ T. 1953. [The biology of ground squirrels (Citellus) near Ankara with methods for their control]. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayinlan, Ankara: 1–68. [In Turkish]
• Kunz T. H., Wemmer C. and Hayssen V. 1996. Sex, age, and reproductive condition of mammals. [In: Measuring and monitoring biological diversity: standard methods for mammals. D. E. Wilson, F. R. Cole, J. D. Nichols, R. Rudran and M. S. Foster, eds]. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C: 279–290.
• Lacey E. A., Wieczorek J. R. and Tucker P. K. 1997. Male mating behaviour and patterns of sperm precedence in Arctic ground squirrels. Animal Behaviour 53: 767–779.
• McCarley H. 1966. Annual cycle, population dynamics and adaptive behavior ofCitellus tridecemlineatus. Journal of Mammalogy 47: 294–316.
• Michener G. R. 1979. Yearly variations in the population dynamics of Richardson’s ground squirrels. Canadian Field-Naturalist 93: 363–370.
• Michener G. R. 1984. Age, sex, and species differences in the annual cycles of ground-dwelling sciurids: implications for sociality. [In: The biology of ground-dwelling squirrels: annual cycles, behavioral ecology, and sociality. J. O. Murie and G. R. Michener, eds]. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln: 81–107.
• Michener G. R. 1989. Sexual differences in interyear survival and life-span of Richardson’s ground squirrels. Canadian Journal of Zoology 67: 1827–1831.
• Michener G. R. 1998. Sexual differences in reproductive effort of Richardson’s ground squirrels. Journal of Mammalogy 79: 1–19.
• Michener G. R. and Locklear L. 1990. Differential costs of reproductive effort for male and female Richardson’s ground squirrels. Ecology 71: 855–868.
• Millesi E., Huber S., Dittami J., Hoffmann I. and Daan S. 1998. Parameters of mating effort and success in male European ground squirrels,Spermophilus citellus. Ethology 104: 298–313.
• Morton M. L. and Sherman P. W. 1978. Effects of a spring snowstorm on behavior, reproduction, and survival of Belding’s ground squirrels. Canadian Journal of Zoology 56: 2578–2590.
• Murie J. O. 1985. A comparison of life history traits in two populations ofSpermophilus columbianus in Alberta, Canada. Acta Zoologica Fennica 173: 43–45.
• Mursaloğlu B. 1964. Statistical significance of secondary sexual variations inCitellus citellus (Mammalia: Rodentia) and a new subspecies ofCitellus from Turkey. Communications, Faculty of Science, University of Ankara, Series C 9: 252–273.
• Mursaloğlu B. 1965. Geographic variation inCitellus citellus (Mammalia: Rodentia) in Turkey. Communications, Faculty of Science, University of Ankara, Series C 10: 78–109.
• Özkurt Ş., Yiğit N. and Çolak E. 2002. Karyotype variation in Turkish populations ofSpermophilus (Mammalia: Rodentia). Mammalian Biology 67: 117–119.
• Özkurt Ş., Yiğit N., Çolak E., Sözen M. and Gharkheloo M. M. 2005. Observations on the ecology, reproduction and behavior ofSpermophilus Bennett, 1835 (Mammalia: Rodentia) in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology 29: 91–99.
• Rickart E. A. 1982. Annual cycles of activity and body composition inSpermophilus townsendii mollis. Canadian Journal of Zoology 60: 3298–3306.
• Rickart E. A. 1987.Spermophilus townsendii. Mammalian Species 268: 1–6.
• Rickart E. A. 1988. Population structure of the Piute ground squirrel (Spermophilus mollis). The Southwestern Naturalist 33: 91–96.
• Sauer J. R. and Slade N. A. 1987. Uinta ground squirrel demography: is body mass a better categorical variable than age? Ecology 68: 642–650.
• Schmutz S. M., Boag D. A. and Schmutz J. K. 1979. Causes of the unequal sex ratio in populations of adult Richardson’s ground squirrels. Canadian Journal of Zoology 57: 1849–1855.
• Schwartz O. A., Armitage K. B. and Van Vuren D. 1998. A 32-year demography of yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventris). Journal of Zoology, London 246: 337–346.
• Sherman P. W. 1989. Mate guarding as paternity insurance in Idaho ground squirrels. Nature 338: 418–420.
• Sherman P. W. and Morton M. L. 1984. Demography of Belding’s ground squirrels. Ecology 65: 1617–1628.
• Sherman P. W. and Runge M. C. 2002. Demography of a population collapse: the Northern Idaho ground squirrel (Spermophilus brunneus brunneus). Ecology 83: 2816–2831.
• Slade N. A. and Balph D. F. 1974. Population ecology of Uinta ground squirrels. Ecology 55: 989–1003.
• Smith G. W. and Johnson D. R. 1985. Demography of a Towns end ground squirrel population in southwestern Idaho. Ecology 66: 171–178.
• Sokal R. R. and Rohlf F. J. 1995. Biometry: the principles and practice of statistics in biological research. Third edition. W. H. Freeman and Company, New York: 1–887.
• Streubel D. P. and Fitzgerald J. P. 1978.Spermophilus tridecemlineatus. Mammalian Species 103: 1–5.
• Verts B. J. and Costain D. B. 1988. Changes in sex ratios ofSpermophilus beldingi in Oregon. Journal of Mammalogy 69: 186–190.
• Yiğit N., Çolak E., Sözen M. and Özkurt Ş. 2000. A study on the hibernation ofSpermophilus xanthoprymnus (Bennet, 1835) (Mammalia: Rodentia) in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology 24: 87–93.