Przyrodnicze, przestrzenne i spoleczne uwarunkowania gospodarki odpadami

• Autorzy: Piotrowska H
• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

PL

Postępowanie z odpadami komunalnymi zależy od uwarunkowań przyrodniczych i społecznych, wiążących się ściśle z przestrzennym zasięgiem gospodarowania tymi odpadami. Zasięg ten na ogół nie pokrywa się z zasięgiem administracyjnym gminy, dla której gospodarka odpadami komunalnymi stanowi z mocy prawa „zadanie własne". W poszukiwaniu optymalnego zasięgu przestrzennego potrzebne jest podejście systemowe uwzględniające wszystkie, wymienione w artykule, powiązania wewnętrzne i zewnętrzne systemu. Mimo że o konieczności tworzenia systemów gospodarki odpadami komunalnymi mówi się w kraju od 30 lat, dotychczas przeważała tendencja do rozwiązań partykularnych, gminnych. Nowa reforma samorządowa pozwoli na stworzenie instrumentów planowania i realizacji gospodarki odpadami komunalnymi w szerszej skali przestrzennej: powiatów i regionów.

EN

The formation of wastes and the way of their processing depend on: natural, spatial and social pre-conditions. The right wastes management must be based on the good identification of these pre-conditions. The lack of it leads very often to the uneffective or even quite failed solutions. It concerns the accumulated municipal wastes, first of all, which on the reason of the virtue of substantial spreading in the space are the problem which needs the individual choice of solutions with the precised, optimum spatial range. The planning and the implementation of the municipal wastes management (GOK) demands the system approach, taking into consideration all internal and external dependences of the designed systemThe internal dependences occur between the formation of wastes, their aggregation, recovery, neutralization and accumulation of final waste in the environment. To the external dependences we should include the relations with: -all system of municipal infrastructure; -macroeconomic national system; -systems of environmental protection; -other systems of wastes management (industrial, dangerous, radioactive and the like); -international system of wastes management. The variant analyses for the solution of the system should give us the answer to the questions: How to diminish the primary waste? When and what is to recover ?, What will be the size and character ("load of destruc- tiveness") of the final waste? Where to introduce it in the environment (elements and "time-space")? The development of GOK in the country should consider the following rules: 1.GOK, although it is the communities' own task, it cannot be limited to their administrative boundaries, optimalization of the spatial systems' range is necessary in the supralocal scale; 2.The location of the objects of neutralization will be still the merits of deep social conflict. We ought to find the instruments to break this barrier of development down; 3.The right GOK solutions need the real studies on pre-conditions, constituting the base of the optimum choice of solutions; 4.The development of recycling of materials from wastes needs the creation the market of regenerated raw materials. The legal regulations will be necessary which first of all can assure the recycling of used packages to put into operation effectively functioning machine of regeneration; 5.The recycling of materials has some natural barriers. The introduction into the material cycle wastes of regenerated raw materials of the increased toxicity - causes the rise of toxicity in new products; 6.The development of valorization of waste materials should also take into consideration the valorization in energetics; 7.The stereotyped views on the burning of wastes precised in the country in the last 15 years should be revised. Neutralization by termical methods should be treated parallely with the other methods; 8.The new look on the problems of neutralization of municipal wastes requires complementarity and flexibility in technologies. The need of creation GOK systems has been widely discussed in the country for 30 years. The conditions which allow for a broad implementation of the idea in practice exist at the present moment - we should hope. The scheduled self-governmental reform - not to deduct nothing from the communities from their role of their own eco-development creator can give them the possibility of more speed development by the solution to some problems - for example GOK - in the most favourable way in the broader spatial scale.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

odpady; ochrona srodowiska; gospodarka odpadami

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Człowiek i Środowisko
• Rocznik: 1998
• Tom: 22
• Numer: 3
• Opis fizyczny: s.281-291,rys.

Twórcy

autor

Piotrowska H

• Instytut Gospodarki Przestrzennej i Komunalnej, ul.Krzywickiego 9, 02-078 Warszawa