Sciolkowanie gleby w uprawie warzyw

• Autorzy: Kolota E , Adamczewska-Sowinska K.
• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

EN

On the base of the data from the literature and our own research, different aspects of soil mulching in vegetable crop production in the open field are discussed. Organic soil covers such as straw, weeds or peat primarily used in the practice mainly to conserve the moisture were recently substituted by synthetic materials, mostly by 0.03-0.05 mm thick, clear' black or while polyethylene films. The advantageous effects of soil mulching are the improvement of plant's soil and air microclimate, and as a consequence of this the advancement of harvest date by 7 to 14 days as weil as substantial increase of crop yield. The edible product from mulched crop is clean, less subject to rotting and the soil is protected against wind and watererosion. The use of black or photoselective polyethylene plastic provide efficient weed control, while aluminium or silver coloured films may reduce aphids and other pest populations, resulting in lower pesticide requirement. Soil mulches can also minimize nitrogen leaching, permitting its more efficient use by vegetable crops, which are able to produce similar yields with lower fertilizer application. Soil mulching may be widely applied in tomato and cucumber production, especially in conjuction with drip irrigation. A positive response can be also obtained in the growth pepper, eggplant, squash, watermelon and sweet corn.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

uprawa roslin; sciolkowanie gleby; warzywa

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Postępy Nauk Rolniczych
• Rocznik: 1996
• Tom: 43
• Numer: 4
• Opis fizyczny: s.65-75,tab.,bibliogr.

Twórcy

autor

Kolota E

• Akademia Rolnicza, Wroclaw

autor

Adamczewska-Sowinska K.

Bibliografia

• [1] Baron J.J., Gorske S.F. 1981. Soil carbon dioxide levels as affected by plastic mulches. Proc. 16th Nat. Agr. Plastics Congr. 149-155.
• [2] Benoit F. 1971. Kunststoffanwendung in belgischen Erdbeeranbau. Kunststoffe im Gartenbau und Sonderkulturen. Geisenheim 9.
• [3] Benoit F. 1994. Use of plastic in ecologically sound vegetable production in the open. Acta Horticulturae 371: 235/246.
• [4] Benoit F., Ceustermans N. 1994. Ecological leek growing with plastic. Acta Horticulturae 371: 261-267.
• [5] Bhella H.S. 1978. Watermelon growth, yield and nutrition as influenced by plastic mulch and trickle irrigation. Proc. 19th Nat. Agr. Plastics Congr. 295-301.
• [6] Bhella H.S., Kwolek W.F. 1984. Tue effects of trickle irrigation and plastic mulch on zucchini. HorScience 19: 410-411.
• [7] Cai S.Z., Chen J.M., Zhu P.S. 1993. Effect of plastic film mulching on dry matter accumulation and the uptake and partitioning of nutrients in cucumber. Acta Horticulturae Sinica 20(1): 45-50.
• [8] Cannington F., Dunnings R.B., Roan R.G. 1975. Florida vegetable production using plastic film mulch with drip irrigation. Proc. 12th Nat.Agr.Plastics Congr. 11-15.
• [9] Carnell D. 1980. Photodegradable mulch eliminates costly removal steps. Proc. 15th Nat. Agr. Plastics Congr. 94-96.
• [10] Chakraborty R.C., Sadhu M.K. 1994. Effect of mulch type and colour on growth and yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Indian J. Agric. Sci. 64(9), 608-612.
• [11] Chroboczek E., Skąpski H. 1984. Ogólna uprawa warzyw. PWRiL, Warszawa.
• [12] Clough G.H., Locascio S.J., Olson S.M. 1987. Continuous use of polyethylene mulched beds with overhead or drip irrigation for successive vegetable production. Proc. 20th Nat. Agr. Plastics Congr. 57-61.
• [13] Decoteau D.R., Kasperbauer M.J., Hunt P.G. 1989. Mulch surface colour affects yield of fresh market tomatoes. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 114: 216-219.
• [14] Dobromilska R., Orłowski M., Rekowska E., Słodkowski P. 1995. Ściółkowanie gleby w uprawie warzyw ciepłolubnych. Mat. Ogólop. Konf. Naukowej "Nauka Praktyce Ogrodniczej". Lublin 761-764.
• [15] Dobrzański A. 1995. Ochrona warzyw przed chwastami. PWRiL, Warszawa.
• [16] Ennis R.S. 1987. Plasigone TM a new, time controlled, photodegradable, plastic mulch film. Proc. 20th Nat. Agr. Plastics Congr. 83-90.
• [17] Farias-Larios J., Orozco M., Guzman S., Aquilar S. 1994. Soil temperature and moisture under different plastic mulches and their relation to growth and cucumber yield in a tropical region. Gartenbauwiss. 59(6): 249-252.
• [18] Felczyński K., Rumpel J. 1995. Wymagania agrotechniczne kukurydzy cukrowej uprawianej dla przetwórstwa. Ogólnop. Konf. Jakość surowca warzywnego dla przetwórstwa, Skierniewice, 57-63.
• [19] Gabriel E.L., Lotti H. 1994. Efecto del color de la cobertura plastica de suelo sobre la produccion de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum). Acta Horticulturae 357: 243-250.
• [20] George W.L., Kring J.B. 1971. Virus protection of late season summer squash with aluminium mulch. Connecticut Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul.: 239.
• [21] Johnson H. 1989. Plastigone photodegradable film performance in California. Proc. 21st Nat. Agr. Plastics Congr.: 1-6.
• [22] Jones T.L., Jones U.S., Ezell D.O. 1977. Effect of nitro gen and plastic mulch on properties of troup loamy sand and yield of Walter tomatoes. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 102: 273-275.
• [23] Kaniszewski S. 1994. Reakcja pomidora na kroplowe nawadnianie oraz mulczowanie folią i włókniną polipropylenową. Biul. Warz. 41: 29-38.
• [24] Konys E., Konys L. 1992. Wielozmienne metody statystyczne w analizie plonowania pomidora gruntowego. Rocz. AR w Poznaniu, Ogrodnictwo 20: 39-50.
• [25] Kost W., Deiser E. 1992. Stickstoffdüngung unter Mulchfolien. Gemüse 28(12): 586-587.
• [26] Krug H. 1991. Gemüseproduktion. Verlag Paul Parey. Berlin und Hamburg.
• [27] KuỬčera J. 1994. Nove materialy k plošne pokryvce a mulčovani a možnosti jejih aplicace. Zahradnictvo 1: 23-34.
• [28] Lamont WJ. 1993. Plastic mulches for the production of vegetable crops. Hort Technology 3, 1: 35-39.
• [29] Lipecki J. 1995. Wpływ ściółek na skład chemiczny liści roślin sadowniczych. Mat. z XV Spotkania Zespołu Herbologicznego Komitetu Nauk Ogrodniczych PAN, Warszawa, 20-23.
• [30] Locascio SJ., Fiskell J.G.A., Graetz D.A., Hauck R.D. 1985. Nitrogen accumulation by peppers as influenced by mulch and time of fertilizer application. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 110: 325-328.
• [31] Loy B., Lindstrom J., Gordon S., Rudd D., Wells O. 1989. Theory and development of wave length selective mulches. Proc. 21th Nat. Agr. Plastics Congr., 193-197.
• [32] Lovei G.L., Bycroft B. 1992. The effect of mulch on the incidence of insect pest, natural enemies and plant damage in organically grown caulitlowers. Proc. 55th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference. Wellington, 62-63.
• [33] Mancini L., Sario M. 1992. Influenza dell epoka di trapianto edella pacciomatura sulle carattenstiche quanti-qualitative dell cavdo cinese (Brassica rapa var. pekinensis). Colture Protette 21(1): 91-93.
• [34] Maync A. 1989. Umweltschonende Produktion von Kopfsalat. Gemüse 25(2): 58-60.
• [35] Maync A. 1990. Kopfsalatproduktion ohne Herbicide durch den Einsatz von Mulchfolie. Rheinische Monatschrift 78(2): 68-70.
• [36] Otey F.H., Westoff R.P. 1980. Biodegradable starch-based plastic films for agricultural application. Proc. 15th Nat. Agr. Plastics Congr. 90-93.
• [37] Pascale S., Barbieri G. 1992. Effetti della distanza la kinee erogatrici della pacciomatura sulla produzione di pomidora da industria irrigato cran manichette forate. Irrigazione eDrenaggio 39(2): 23-30.
• [38] Paterson J.W. 1980. Fertilizing mulched and unmulched cucumbers. Proc. 15th Nat. Agr. Plastics Congr. 97-99.
• [39] Pollack G.L., Smith NJ.,.Cialone J.C. 1969. Summary of crop response to various agricultural film mulches. Proc. 9th Nat. Agr. Plastics Conf. 17-25.
• [40] Prefontaine V., Vesco V. 1966. Le pailage des sols a l'aide des films de faible epaisseur. Guide de li utilisateur des plastiques en agriculture. Darbay, Paris XI, 30-50.
• [41] Purser J. 1993. Using plastic mulch and row covers to produce vegetables in Alaska. Plasticulture 99: 11-18.
• [42] Roe N.E.,Stoffella PJ., Bryan H.H. 1994. Growth and yields of bell pepper and winter squash grown with organic and living mulches. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 119(6): 1193-1199.
• [43] Rumpel J., Grudzień K. 1984. Folia w warzywnictwie gruntowym. PWRiL, Warszawa.
• [44] Rumpel J., Grudzień K. 1995. Efektywność osłon z folii i włóknin w warzywnictwie. Mat. z Symp. 30-lecia Inst. Warz. Referaty 89-95.
• [45] Schales F.D., Sheldrake R. 1963. Mulch effects on soil conditions and tomato plant response. Proc. 4th Nat. Agr. Plastics Conf. 78-90.
• [46] Sheldrake R. 1963. Carbon dioxide levels in the microclimate influences insect control and yield in vegetables. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 104: 759-762.
• [47] Shrivastova P.K., Parikh M.M.,Savoni N.G., Ramon S. 1994. Effect of drip irrigation and mulching on tomato yield. Agricultural Water Management 25(2): 179-184.
• [48] Siwek P. 1995. Przydatność tuneli typu Igołomski do uprawy warzyw ciepłolubnych. Mat. Ogólnopol. Konf. Nauk. "Nauka Praktyce Ogrodniczej". Lublin, 557-560.
• [49] Stout GJ. 1985. Make the most mulches. Am. Veget. Grower, August 27, 33.
• [50] Swiader J.M., Ware G.W., McCollum J.P. 1992. Producing vegetable crops. Interstate Publishers Inc., Danville, Illinois.
• [51] Weier U., Scharpf H.C. 1991. Stickstoffversorgung bei Anbau von Gemüse auf Mulchmaterial. Gartenbau 38(4): 4-6.
• [52] Wolfe D.W. 1989. Effects of environment or degradation rates of photodegradable plastic mulches. Proc. 21st Nat. Agr. Plastics Congr. 53-59.
• [53] Wright J.C. 1968. Poduction of polyethylene film. Proc. 8th Nat. Agr. Plastics Conf. 72-79.