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1996 | 41 | 4 |

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Diet of otters Lutra lutra in central Finland

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Warianty tytułu

Języki publikacji

EN

Abstrakty

EN
The diet of otters Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758) in central Finland was studied in 1988-1993 by analysing 1506 spraints. The main components of the diet of otters are fish and amphibians. The most important fishes for otters are small (body length mostly less than 15 cm) cyprinids, perches and pikes. The composition of food varies seasonally. In winter amphibians are the most important prey (33.2% of all food). Perches, pikes and cyprinids are important during all seasons, but in winter small sculpins (9.8% of the food) and burbots (8.9%) are also important. In spring the most important prey are cyprinids (38.7% of the food). Amphibians are important, especially in the smallest streamlets (in winter, 68.4% of the food). Otters also eat toads Bufo bufo. In some areas crayfish and mammals are quite important; but for most otters in the study area salmonids, birds, reptiles, insects, moliusks and plants are only occasional food. Most of the otters in the study area live in small forest rivers. In central Finland in winter amphibians and sculpins are of great importance for otters living in small rivers.

Słowa kluczowe

Wydawca

-

Czasopismo

Rocznik

Tom

41

Numer

4

Opis fizyczny

p.395-408,fig.

Twórcy

autor
  • University of Joensuu, Aaponkaari 3, FIN-42800 Haapamaki, Finland

Bibliografia

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  • Brzeziński M., Jędrzejewski W. and Jędrzejewska B. 1993. Diet of otters (Lutra lutra) inhabiting small rivers in Białowieża National Park, eastern Poland. Journal of Zoology, London 230: 495-501.
  • Beja P. R. 1991. Diet of otters (Lutra lutra) in closely assosiated freshwaters, brackish and marine habitats in South-West Portugal. Journal of Zoology, London 225: 141-152.
  • Carss D., Kruuk H. and Conroy J. W. H. 1990. Predation an adult atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L,, by otters, Lutra lutra (L,), within the River Dee System, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Journal of Fish Biology 37: 935-944.
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  • Chanin P. 1985. The natural history of otters. Facts On File, Inc. London: 1-179.
  • Eloranta A. 1975. [Determining of the age of fishes], Finlands Fishing Assosiation no. GO. Vammalan Kirjapaino: 1-68. |In Finnish]
  • Erlinge S. 1967. Food habits of the fish otter (Lutra lutra L.) in South Swedish habitats. Viltrevy 4: 371-443.
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  • Erlinge S. 1969. Food habits of the otter Lutra lutra L. and mink Mustela vison Schreber in a trout water in southern Sweden. Oikos 20: 1-7.
  • Erlinge S. 1972. Interspecific relations between otter Lutra lutra and mink Mustela vison in Sweden. Oikos 23: 327-335.
  • Fairley J. S. 1972. Food of otters (Lutra lutra) from Co. Galvay, Ireland and notes on aspects of their biology. Journal of Zoology, London 166: 469-474.
  • Jenkins D. and Harper R. J. 1980. Ecology of otters in northern Scotland. II. Analyses of otter (Lutra lutra) and mink (Mustela vison) faeces from Deeside, N.E, Scotland in 1977-78. Journal of Animal Ecology 49: 737-754,
  • Jenkins D., Walker J. G. K. and McCowan D. 1979. Analyses of otter {Lutra lutra) faeces from Deeside, W.E. Scotland. Journal of Zoology, London 187: 235-244.
  • Kemenes I. 1989. A comparative study on the food composition of otters (Lutra lutra L.) at lakes and fish-ponds in Hungary. [In: Populationsökologie marderartiger Säugetiere. M. Stubbe, ed[. Wissenschaftliche Beiträge, Universität Halle 1989/37: 77-88.
  • Kruuk H. and Hewson R. 1978. Spacing and foraging of otters (Lutra lutra) in a marine habitat. Journal of Zoology, London 185: 205-212.
  • Kruuk H. and Moorhouse A, 1990. Seasonal and spatial differences in food selection by otters (Lutra lutra) in Shetland. Journal of Zoology, London 221: 621-637.
  • Laanetu N. 1989. Zur Ökologie des Fischotters Lutra lutra (L.1758) in Estland. ¡In: Populations­ökologie margerertiger Säugetiere. M. Stubbe, ed], Wisseschaftliche Beiträge, Universität Halle 1989/37: 59-70.
  • Macdonald S. M. and Mason C. F. 1982. Otters in Greece. Oryx 16: 240-244.
  • Mason C. F. and Macdonald S, M. 1986, Otters: ecology and conservation, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 1-236.
  • Mortensen P. 1989. [Distribution and spraint analysis of otter in Raneälvens watersysteml. Viltnytt 27: 40-50. [In Swedish!
  • Märtz R. 1987. Gewöll- und Rupfungskunde. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin: 1-398.
  • Ozolins J. and Rantins M. 1992. Einige Voraussezungen zur hentigen Bestandsentwicklung und zur Verbreitung des Fischotters Lutra lutra (L.) in Lettland. |In: Semiaquatische Säugetiere, R. Schröpfer, M. Stubbe and D. Heidecke, edsl. Wissenschaftliche Beiträge, Universität Halle 1992: 365-384. [Summary in English]
  • Ranta E., Rita H. and Kouki J. 1994. Biometrics. Yliopistopaino. Helsinki, 1-569. [In Finnish]
  • Silva P. K., de 1991. Aspects of behaviour and ecology of Old World otters - A review. [In: Proceedings of the 5th, Internationa! otter coltoquim. Habitat 6. C, Reuther and R. Röchert, eds], GN - Gruppe Natwischutz GmbH, Hankensbuttel: 95-106.
  • Skaren U. 1992. (Food of otter in North Savo, Finlandl. Savon Luonto 23: 38-47. [In Finnish]
  • Skaren U. and Kumpulainen J. 1986. Recovery of the otter Lutra lutra (L.,1758) population in North Savo, Central Finland, with an analysis of environmental factors. Lutra 29: 117-140.
  • Stjernberg T. and Hagner-Wahästen N. 1991. The distribution of the otter (Lutra lutra L.) in Finland in 1975 and 1985. [In: Proceedings of the 5th international otter colloquium. Habitat 6. C. Reuther and R. Röchert, edsl. GN - Gruppe Natwischutz GmbH, Hankensbuttel: 37-43.
  • Steinmetz B, and Müller R. 1988. Atlas of scales and other bony structures of non-salmonid freshwater fish. Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission (EIFAC). Report: 1-45.
  • Sulkava R. 1993. [Status and ecology of the otter (Lutra lutra L.) in central Finland in 1985-1993 and the short survey methods in evaluating the status]. Unpublished M Sc thesis. University of Joensuu, Joensuu: 1-85. [In Finnish]
  • Sulkava P, and Sulkava R. 1989. [Distribution and ecology of otters in central Finland). Luonnon Tutkija 93: 124-129. |In Finnish with abstract in English]
  • Webb J. W. 1975, Food of the Otter (Lutra lutra) on the Sommerset Levels. Journal of Zoology, London 177: 486-491.
  • Webb J. B. 1976. Otter spraint analysis. An occasional publication of the Mammal Society: 1-13.
  • Weber J.-M. 1990. Seasonal exploitation of amphibians by otters (Lutra lutra) in North-East Scotland. Journal of Zoology, London 220: 641-651,
  • Wise M. H. 1980. The use of fish vertebrae in scats for estimating prey size of otters and mink. Journal of Zoology, London 192: 25-31.
  • Wise M. H.( Linn I. J. and Kennedy C. R. 1981. A comparison of the feeding biology of mink Mustela vison and otter Lutra lutra. Journal of Zoology, London 195: 181-213.

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Bibliografia

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