PL
W latach 1985-1995 wystąpił w miastach w Polsce znaczny wzrost liczby samochodów osobowych, powodując spadek przewozów środkami komunikacji zbiorowej oraz negatywne skutki dla środowiska naturalnego. W artykule na przykładzie pięciu największych miast polskich (Warszawy, Łodzi, Krakowa,Wrocławia i Poznania) podjęto próbę zbadania tylko niektórych negatywnych skutków ekonomicznych rezygnacji części pasażerów z komunikacji zbiorowej i wykorzystania przez nich do podróży samochodów osobowych.
EN
Car ownership has dramatically increased in Poland between 1985 and 1995. This has caused a decline in the use of public transport and increased environmental stress. The article discusses five case studies (Warsaw, Lodz, Cracow, Wroclaw and Poznan) in an attempt to identify just some of the economic impacts of public to private transportation in cities. The findings of traffic monitoring in the selected communities and the assumed distribution of car types and makes, average fuel consumption and mileage have been applied to calculate the estimated cost of air emissions and the cost of time of the passengers who have given up public transport services since 1985 and have travelled by car. The calculations indicate that the external costs in the five communities, limited to the cost of air emissions and the cost of travelling time and waiting in congested traffic, just for the passenger population that has moved to private car use have generally been 5 times higher than the local subsidy for local public transport service. The present calculations have ignored other external costs such as the cost of noise, land consumption and accidents. These additional costs are now under close examination.