Comparative chemical composition of the essential oil of Thymus vulgaris L. from different geographical sources

• Autorzy: Raal A , Arak E. , Orav A.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Variations in the essential oil composition of Thymus vulgaris L. cultivated in Estonia and in other European countries were determined using capillary gas chromatographic analysis methods. Fifty-nine components were identified, representing over 95% of the total oil yield. The principal components in the oils of common thyme were thymol (0.9%-75.7%), carvacrol (1.5%-83.5%), p-cymene (4.3%-34.4%), y-terpinene (0.9%-19.7%), linalool (0.4V 4.8%), (E)-ß-caryophyllene (0.5%-9.3%) and terpinen-4-ol (tr.-3.8%). The sum of phenolic compounds (thymol and carvacrol) in the oils studied varied from 19.4% to 84.4%, and the sum of their precursors (p-cymene and y-terpinene) ranged from 5.7% to 38.5%. Thymol content was predominant in the oils of Holland (65.5%) and of Estonia (75.7%) but carvacrol content predominated in the Greek thyme oil (83.5%). Armenian thyme oil contained only 17.0% of thymol, but it was rich in neral and citronellol (32.5%), borneol (4.3%), citronellal (4.0%), 1,8-cineoI (4.0%) and methyl eugenol and thymol acetate (7.5%). In Estonia, the thymol, thymol-carvacrol and thymol-p-cymene-y-terpinene chemotypes of the common thyme are distinguishable.

PL

Różnice składu chemicznego olejku uzyskanego z tymianku pospolitego (Thymus vulgaris L.) uprawianego w Estonii i innych krajach europejskich określono za pomocą metody kapilarnej chromatografii gazowej. Określono 59 składników, tworzących w sumie ponad 95% składu olejku. Głównymi składnikami olejków uzyskiwanych z tymianku pospo­litego były tymol (0,9%-75,7%), karwakrol (l,5%-83,5%), p-cymen (4,3V34,4%), y-terpinen (0,9%-19,7%), linalol (0,4%-4,8%), (E)-ß-kariofylen (0,5%-9,3%) oraz terpinen-4-ol (od ilości śladowych do 3,8?ó). Łączna ilość związków fenolowych (tymolu i karwakrolu) w badanych olejkach wynosiła od 19,4% do 84,4%, a łączna ilość ich prekursorów (p-cymenu i y-ter- pinenu) - od 5,7% do 38,5%. Zawartość tymolu była najwyższa w olejkach uzyskiwanych z tymianku pochodzącego z Holandii (65,5%) i Estonii (75,7%), natomiast w olejku uzyski­wanym z roślin pochodzących z Grecji dominował karwakrol (83,5%). Olejek pozyskiwany z tymianku rosnącego w Armenii zawierał tylko 17,0% tymolu, charakteryzował się nato­miast wysoką zawartością neralu i citronelolu (32,5%), borneolu (4,3%), citronelalu (4,0%), 1,8-cineolu (4,0%) oraz metyloeugenolu i octanu tymolu (7,5%). W wypadku tymianku pospolitego rosnącego w Estonii można wyróżnić chemotypy tymolu, tymolu-karwakrolu oraz tymolu-p-cymenu-y-terpinenu.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Thymus vulgaris; essential oil; geographic differentiation; comparative analysis; chemical composition; source cultivar; common thyme

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Herba Polonica
• Rocznik: 2005
• Tom: 51
• Numer: 1-2
• Opis fizyczny: p.10-17,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Raal A

• University of Tartu, Nootuse St.1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia

autor

Arak E.

autor

Orav A.

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