Facilitative and competitive interactions between sympatric cattle, red deer and wild boar in Dutch woodland pastures

• Autorzy: Kuiters A. T. , Groot Bruinderink G.W.T.A. , Lammertsma D.R.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Use of cattle-grazed and ungrazed woodland pastures by red deerCervus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758 and wild boarSus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 was investigated monthly by measuring dung-deposition rates. CattleBos taurus grazed pastures year-round, with peak intensities during the growing season (May–September). Red deer and wild boar grazed pastures primarily during autumn and winter (October–April) when cattle occupancy was at a minimum. The lower occupancy of cattle in pastures from November to April was interpreted as the result of competition with red deer. Mean sward height in this period fell below 6.5 cm. In autumn and winter a negative relationship was found for red deer and wild boar occupancy with sward height, which indicated that red deer and wild boar preferred swards previously grazed by cattle. At the start of the growing season, when cattle occupancy in the pastures increased, red deer switched their habitat preference and almost totally disappeared from pastures to use alternative feeding grounds. Interpretation of the results lead to the conclusion that facilitative and competitive interactions occurred between sympatric cattle and red deer in woodland pastures, and to some extent also between cattle and wild boar.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

red deer; Cervus elaphus; wild boar; cattle; interaction; woodland pasture; Sus scrofa; facilitation; competition

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Theriologica
• Rocznik: 2005
• Tom: 50
• Numer: 2
• Opis fizyczny: p.241-252,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Kuiters A. T.

• Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O.Box 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands

autor

Groot Bruinderink G.W.T.A.

autor

Lammertsma D.R.

Bibliografia

• Arsenault R. and Owen-Smith N. 2002. Facilitation versus competition in grazing herbivore assemblages. Oikos 97: 313–318.
• Bell R. H. V. 1970. The use of the herb layer by grazing ungulates in the Serengeti. [In: Animal Populations in Relation to their Food Resources. A. Watson, ed]. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford: 111–123.
• Distel R. A., Laca E. A., Griggs T. C. and Demment M. W. 1995. Patch selection by cattle: maximization of intake rate in horizontally heterogeneous pastures. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 45: 11–21.
• Du Toit J. T. 1990. Feeding-height stratification among African browsing ruminants. African Journal of Ecology 28: 55–61.
• Farnsworth K. D., Focardi S. and Beecham J. A. 2002. Grassland-herbivore interactions: How do grazers coexist? The American Naturalist 159: 24–39.
• Focardi S., Marcellini P. and Montanaro P. 1996. Do ungulates exhibit a food density threshold? A field study of optimal foraging and movement patterns. Journal of Animal Ecology 65: 606–620.
• Fritz H., DeGarine Wichatitsky M. and Letessier G. 1996. Habitat use by sympatric wild and domestic herbivores in an African savanna woodland: The influence of cattle spatial behaviour. Journal of Applied Ecology 33: 589–598.
• Gebert C. and Verheyden-Tixier H. 2001. Variations of diet composition of red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) in Europe. Mammal Review 31: 189–201.
• Gordon I. J. 1989. Vegetation community selection by ungulates on the Isle of Rhum. III. Determinants of vegetation community selection. Journal of Animal Ecology 26: 65–79.
• Gordon I. J. and Illius A. W. 1988. Incisor arcade structure and diet selection in ruminants. Functional Ecology 2: 15–22.
• Gordon I. J. and Illius A. W. 1989. Resource partitioning by ungulates on the Isle of Rhum. Oecologia 79: 383–389.
• Groot Bruinderink G. W. T. A. and Hazebroek E. 1995. Ingestion and diet composition of red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) in the Netherlands from 1954 till 1992. Mammalia 59: 187–195.
• Groot Bruinderink G. W. T. A., Van Wieren, S. E., Hazebroek E., Den Boer M. H., Maaskamp F. I. M., Lamers W., Slim P. A. and De Jong C. B. 1997. Ecologie van hoefdieren. [In: Hoefdieren in het Boslandschap. S. E. Van Wieren, G. W. T. A. Groot Bruinderink, I. T. M. Jorritsma and A. T. Kuiters, eds]. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden: 31–69. [In Dutch]
• Hobbs N. T., Baker D. L., Bear G. D. and Bowden D. C. 1996. Ungulate grazing in sagebrush grassland: mechanisms of resource competition. Ecological Applications 6: 200–217.
• Illius A. W. and Gordon I. J. 1987. The allometry of food intake in grazing ruminants. Journal of Animal Ecology 56: 989–999.
• Illius A. W. and Gordon I. J. 1992. Modeling the nutritional ecology of ungulate herbivores. Evolution of body size and competitive interactions. Oecologia 89: 428–434.
• Jarman P. J. and Sinclair A. R. E. 1979. Feeding strategy and the pattern of resource partitioning in ungulates. [In: Serengeti: dynamics of an ecosystem. A. R. E. Sinclair and N. Norton-Griffiths, eds]. Chicago University Press, Chicago: 130–163.
• Jenks J. A. and Leslie D. M. 2003. Effect of domestic cattle on the condition of female white-tailed deer in southern pine-bluestem forests, USA. Acta Theriologica 48: 131–144.
• Kie J. G., Evans C. J., Loft E. R. and Menke J. W. 1991. Foraging behavior by mule deer: the influence of cattle grazing. The Journal of Wildlife Management 55: 665–674.
• Kuiters A. T., Mohren G. M. J. and Van Wieren S. E. 1996. Ungulates in temperate forest ecosystems. Forest Ecology and Management 88: 1–5.
• Latham J. 1999. Interspecific interactions of ungulates in European forests: an overview. Forest Ecology and Management 120: 13–21.
• Mattiello S., Redaelli W., Carenzi C. and Crimella C. 2002. Effect of diary cattle husbandry on behavioural patterns of red deer (Cervus elaphus) in the Italian Alps. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 79: 299–310.
• Mattson W. J. 1980. Herbivory in relation to plant nitrogen content. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 11: 119–161.
• McNaughton S. J. and Georgiadis N. J. 1986. Ecology of African grazing and browsing ungulates. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 17: 39–65.
• Mitchell B. and McCowan D. 1984. The defecation frequencies of red deer in different habitats. Report of the Institute of Terrestrial Ecology 1983: 15–17.
• Mitchell B., Rowe J. J., Ratcliffe P. R. and Hinge M. D. C. 1985. Defecation frequency in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in relation to the accumulation rates of faecal deposits. Journal of Zoology, London 207: 1–7.
• Murray M. G. and Illius A. W. 1996. Multispecies grazing in the Serengeti. [In: The Ecology and Management of Grazing. J. Hodgson and A. W. Illius, eds]. CAB International, Wallingford: 247–272.
• Murray M. G. and Illius A. W. 2000. Vegetation modification and resource competition in grazing ungulates. Oikos 89: 501–508.
• Neff D. J. 1968. The pellet-group count technique for big game trend, census and distribution: a review. The Journal of Wildlife Management 32: 597–614.
• Prins H. H. T. and Olff H. 1998. Species-richness of African grazer assemblages: towards a functional explanation. [In: Dynamics of tropical communities. D. M. Newbery, H. H. T. Prins and N. D. Brown, eds]. Blackwell Science, Cambridge: 449–490.
• Putman R. J. 1996. Competition and resource partitioning in temperate ungulate assemblies. Chapman and Hall, London: 1–131.
• Rhodes B. D. and Sharrow S. H. 1990. Effect of grazing by sheep on the quantity and quality of forage availability to big game in Oregon coast range. Journal of Range Management 43: 235–237.
• Rowland M. M., White G. C. and Karlen E. M. 1984. Use of pellet-group plots to measure trends in deer and elk populations. Wildlife Society Bulletin 12: 147–155.
• Schoener T. W. 1986. Resource partitioning. [In: Community ecology — pattern and process. D. Anderson and J. Kikkawa, eds]. Blackwell, Oxford: 91–126.
• Sinclair A. R. E. and Norton-Griffiths M. 1982. Does competition or facilitation regulate migrant ungulate populations in the Serengeti? A test of hypotheses. Oecologia 53: 364–369.
• Sokal R. R. and Rohlf F. J. 1995. Biometry. The principles and practices of statistics in biological research. 3rd Edition. W. H. Freeman, New York, NY: 1–887.
• Stewart K. E. J., Bourn N. A. D. and Thomas J. A. 2001. An evaluation of three quick methods commonly used to assess sward height in ecology. Journal of Applied Ecology 38: 1148–1154.
• Stewart K. M., Bowyer R. T., Kie J. G., Cimon N. J. and Johnson B. K. 2002. Temporospatial distributions of elk, mule deer, and cattle: resource partitioning and competitive displacement. Journal of Mammalogy 83: 229–244.
• Van Soest P. J. 1994. Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant. 2nd Edition. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY: 1–476.
• Van Wieren S. E. 1995. The potential role of large herbivores in nature conservation and extensive land use in Europe. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 56 (Suppl.): 11–23.
• Voeten M. M. and Prins H. H. T. 1999. Resource partitioning between sympatric wild and domestic herbivores in the Tarangire region of Tanzania. Oecologia 120: 287–294.
• Wallis de Vries M. F. and Daleboudt C. 1994. Foraging strategy of cattle in patchy grassland. Oecologia 100: 98–106.