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2006 | 15 | 3 |

Tytuł artykułu

Toxicity of imidazolium chlorides to aquatic organisms

Warianty tytułu

Języki publikacji

EN

Abstrakty

EN
The toxicity of 5 new cationic surface active substances (CSAS) - imidazolium chlorides against freshwater organisms - was evaluated. Tests were conducted with the green algae Scenedesmus quadricauda, the fish Lebistes reticulatus and the crustacean Daphnia magna. European Classification was used for the evaluation of adverse effects of investigated preparations. Two of them were classified as very toxic, the others were toxic. For genotoxic effect evaluation Bacillus subtilis rec-assay was performed. It was shown that none of the examined surfactants possessed genototoxic properties.

Wydawca

-

Rocznik

Tom

15

Numer

3

Opis fizyczny

p.405-409,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

  • Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland
autor

Bibliografia

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  • 4. GIOLANDO S., RAPAPORT R.A. Environmental fate and effect of DEEDMAC a new rapidly biodegradable cationic surfactant for use in fabric softeners. Chemosphere, 30 (6), 1067, 1995.
  • 5. PERNAK J. et al. The antielectrostatic effect of N-alkanol- N-alkoxymethyl-N-N-dimethylammonium chlorides and their ester derivatives. Pol J Chem, 77 (10), 1263, 2003.
  • 6. LAGERMAN R. et al. Synthesis and performance of ester quaternary biodegradable. JAOCS, 71 (1), 97, 1994.
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  • 8. WITEK S. Biological activity of quaternary ammonium salts and lysosomotrophic amines; Proceedings of III Symposium on Quaternary Ammonium Salts and the Fields of Their Application in Industry, Poznań, 7, 1998 (in Polish).
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  • 10. PERNAK J., ZABIELSKA – MATEJUK J., URBANIK E, New quaternary ammonium chlorides – wood preservatives. Holtzfforschung, 52 (3), 249,1998.
  • 11. SKRZYPCZAK A., et al. Synthesis and antimicrobial activities of new quants. Eur. J. Med. Chem., 32, 661, 1997.
  • 12. ZABIELSKA-MATEJUK J et al. New bis-quaternary ammonium and bis-imidazolium chloride wood preservatives. Holzforschung, 58 (3), 292, 2004.
  • 13. CEC AND COUNCIL OF THE EUROP EAN COMMUNITIES: Council Directive 76/464/EEC of 4 May 1976 on the pollution caused by certain dangerous substances discharged into the aquatic environment of the Community, European Community Environment Legislation 7, 57,1976.
  • 14. http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/com/pdf/2003/com2003_0644en.htm
  • 15. PERNAK J. et al. Synthesis and antimicrobial activities of new pyridinium and benzimidazolium chlorides. Eur J Med Chem, 36 (4), 313, 2001.
  • 16. URBANIK E., Quantitative relation between surface active properties and antifungal activity of quaternary imidazolium chlorides. Forest Products Journal, 49 (10), 53, 1999.
  • 17. URBANIK E., et al. Antifungal properties of new imidazolium chlorides against Coniophora puteana (Schum.:Fr.) Karst., Chaetomium globosum (Kunze: Fr.). Material und Organismen 31(4), 247, 1997.
  • 18. OECD: Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals, OECD, Paris, 1. 1993.
  • 19. POLISH STANDARDS: PN-90/C-04610/03. Water and Wastewater. Toxicological research for water organisms. Acute toxicity test on fish Lebistes reticulatus.
  • 20. POLISH STANDARDS: PN-90/C-04610/04. Water and Wastewater. Toxicological research for water organisms. Acute toxicity test on crustaceans Daphnia magna.
  • 21. KADA T. et al. Screening of environmental chemical mutagens by the rec-assay with Bacillus subtilis [in]: Seers F.J., Hollander A. (eds) Chemical Mutagens; Plenum Press, New York, pp 149-173, 1980.
  • 22. FISCHER W. K., GODE P. Die prüfung von chemikalien auf toxizität gegenürber kleinkrebsen (Daphnia magna). Vom Wasser, 38, 247, 1977.
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  • 25. BRAGADIN M., DELLANTONE P. Mitochondrial bioenergetics as affected by cationic detergents. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 30 (2), 280, 1996.
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  • 27. URBANIK E., ZABIELSKA-MATEJUK J. Influence of structure of quaternary ammonium salts on efficiency of protection of coniferous and deciduous kinds of wood; Proceedings of III Symposium on Quaternary Ammonium Salts and the Fields of Their Application in Industry, Poznań, 9-19, 1997 (in Polish).
  • 28. LEWIS M. A. Chronic and sublethal toxicities of surfactants to aquatic animals; a review and risk assessment. Water Res., 25 (1), 101, 1991.
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  • 31. CEC AND COUNCIL OF THE EUROP EAN COMMUNITIES: Council Directive 92/32/EEC of 30 April 1992 amending for the 7-th time Directive 67/548/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances, Official Journal of the European Communities, 35, 154, 1992.
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Typ dokumentu

Bibliografia

Identyfikatory

Identyfikator YADDA

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