EN
Vomiting syndrome comprises three main components that can also occur separately nausea, retching and vomiting. Currently there is no doubt that multiple changes in gastrointestinal motility occur during the vomiting process. Little is known about motor phenomena during nausea. Distention of the gastrointestinal lumen, antral tachygastria, tonic contractions of glottis and cervical esophagus as well the relaxation of cardia and proximal stomach are the most common alterations. During retching a giant retrograde contraction travels from the jejunum toward the gastric antrum and is associated with slow wave disturbances. Gastric content is expelled to the distended esophagus and then is returned back to the stomach. In the course of vomiting gastric content is expelled outside as a consequence of the relaxation and then contraction of the esophagus. Ejection of gastric content is mainly due to rapid and strong contractions of the abdominal muscle and the diaphragm. Some changes in colon and gallbladder motility may accompany vomiting.