PL
Dla Puszczy Niepołomickiej, mającej cenne walory przyrodnicze i kulturowe oraz pełniącej ważne funkcje środowiskotwórcze w rejonie krakowskim, zaproponowano ochronę przez utworzenie tu parku krajobrazowego. Granice parku wyznaczono przyjmując konieczność zachowania najcenniejszych elementów środowiska przyrodniczego i kulturowego z uwzględnieniem warunków funkcjonowania ekosystemów. Zaprojektowano strukturę strefową parku, różnicującą formy i stopnie ochrony.
EN
The Niepołomice Primeval Forest is a valuable natural object playing an essential environment-forming role in the urbanized and industrialized Region of Kraków. It is situated in the western part of the Sandomierz Basin and characterized by geomorphological differentiation, typical for this region, as well as by abundanee of animated nature. The vegetation cover of the Forest are the lowland leafy forests, fertile, dampish meadows and marshy coniferous forests. In the surroundings of the Forest there are also some valuable regions of meadows. Of great value are also both lowland and high bogs. The Niepołomice Forest and its surroundings is a place of occurrence of many floral rarities, e.g. Betula humilis, Daphne mezerum, Hedera helix, Osmunda regalis, and others. The Forest is also an important fauna refuge with relict forest features. There are also many relict species which are rare in our country and even in Europe, e.g. Aquila pomarina, Tringa ochropus, Asio flammeus, Cerambyx cerdo, as well as an exceptionally great number of many, more vulgar species. The Niepołomice Primeval Forest and its surroundings connected for ages with the history of Poland, has also some considerable cultural values. The foundation of Niepołomice connected with the use of the Forest, was in the past a large monarchal estate and now is a valuable example of medieval town-planning. The present forms of protecting the Niepołomice Forest do not protect it from the detrimental influence of the management exerted by the Forest irself and in its surroundings. The greatest endangerement is the air pollution and changes in the water conditions. In order to protect the Forest from degradation of the values of this region, it is indispensable to use the legislative protection. Various possible forms of protection have been considered, recognizing that the effective protection of the Forest and its surroundings, without excluding the economic use of these areas, could be attained by enclosing the Forest within the boundaries of the Landscape Park and enlargement of the reserve. network. The physical extent of the Park has been designated, adopting the following criteriae: 1. The boundaries of the Park should comprise the areas connected with the Niepotomice Forest from the standpoint of the nature, landscape and culture. However, the surrounding areas, even if they are of high value but do not fulfil the condition of a close connection with the Forest, should not be included to the boundaries of the Park. 2. The boundary lines of the Park should ensure the protection of the most valuable natural and cultural elements of the Niepotomice Forest and its surroundings. 3. The Park should protect the entity of the ecological system by close connection with the ecosystems of the Niepotomice Forest. In order to realize an effective protection of the Park, a system of interdictions, commands and recommendations has been established and the physical structure has been designed for three zones: A. The sone of the highest natural values protected from any kind of investment at all. B. The zone of values of the natural and cultural environment having a rural character, protected from an excessive dispersion of houses. C. The urban zone of the highest cultural values requiring the preservation of the scale of the town and of its characteristic physical structure.