Biodiversity of Lactococcus lactis bacteriophages in Polish dairy environment

• Autorzy: Szczepanska A. K. , Hejnowicz M.S. , Kolakowski P. , Bardowski J.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

We present here the results of an exploration of the bacteriophage content of dairy wheys collected from milk plants localized in various regions of Poland. Thirty-three whey samples from 17 regions were analyzed and found to contain phages active against L. lactis strains. High phage titer in all whey samples suggested phage-induced lysis to be the main cause of fermentation failures. In total, over 220 isolated phages were examined for their restriction patterns, genome sizes, genetic groups of DNA homology, and host ranges. Based on DNA digestions the identified phages were classified into 34 distinct DNA restriction groups. Phage genome sizes were estimated at 14-35 kb. Multiplex PCR analysis established that the studied phages belong to two out of the three main lactococcal phage types - c2 and 936, while P335-type phages were not detected. Yet, analyses of bacterial starter strains revealed that the majority of them are lysogenic and carry prophages of P335-type in their chromosome. Phage geographical distribution and host range are additionally discussed.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

region; biodiversity; milk sample; dairy industry; milk plant; Poland; Lactococcus lactis; food analysis; bacteriophage content; dairy environment

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Biochimica Polonica
• Rocznik: 2007
• Tom: 54
• Numer: 1
• Opis fizyczny: p.151-158,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Szczepanska A. K.

• Polish Academy of Sciences, A.Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland

autor

Hejnowicz M.S.

autor

Kolakowski P.

autor

Bardowski J.

Bibliografia

• Acuna-Castroviejo D, Escames G, Carazo A, Leon J, Khaldy H, Reiter RJ (2002) Melatonin, mitochondria homeostasis and mitochondrial-related diseases. Curr Top Med Chem 2: 133–152.
• Acuna-Castroviejo D, Escames G, Leon J, Carozo A, Khaldy H (2003) Mitochondrial regulation by melatonin and its metabolites. Adv Exp Med Biol 527: 549–557.
• Allegra M, Reiter RJ, Tan DX, Gentile C, Tesoriere L, Livrea MA (2003) The chemistry of melatonin interaction with reactive species. J Pineal Res 34: 1–10.
• Almeida EA, Martinez GR, Klitzke GF, Medeiros MHG, Di Mascio P (2003) Oxidation of melatonin by singlet molecular oxygen (O2 (1Δg) produces N1-acetyl-N2-formyl- 5-methoxykynuramine. J Pineal Res 35: 131–137.
• Antolin I, Rodriguez C, Sainz RM, Mayo J, Uria H, Kotler ML, Rodriguez-Colunga MJ, Tolivia D, Menendez- Pelaez A (1996) Neurohormone melatonin prevents cell damage: effect on gene expression for antioxidant enzymes. FASEB J 10: 882–890.
• Aydogen S, Yerer MB, Goktas A (2006) Melatonin and nitric oxide. J Endocrinol Invest 29: 281–287.
• Balkan J, Sever G, Cevikbas U, Keyer-Uysal M, Uysal M (2004) Melatonin improved the disturbances in hepatic prooxidant and antioxidant balance and hepatotoxicity induced by a high cholesterol diet in C57Bl/6J mice. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 74: 349–354.
• Barlow-Walden LR, Reiter RJ, Abe M, Pablos M, Menendez- Pelaez A, Chen LD, Poeggeler B (1995) Melatonin stimulates brain glutathione peroxidase activity. Neurochem Int 26: 497–502.
• Bettahi I, Pozo D, Osuna C, Reiter RJ, Acuna-Castroviejo D, Guerrero JM (1996) Melatonin inhibits nitric oxide synthase activity in rat hypothalamus. J Pineal Res 20: 205–210.
• Carampin P, Rosan S, Dalzoppo D, Zagotto G, Zatta P (2003) Some biochemical properties of melatonin and the characterization of the relevant metabolite arising from its interaction with H2O2. J Pineal Res 34: 134–142.
• Carrillo-Vico A, Garcia-Perganeda A, Naji L, Calvo JR, Romero MP, Guerrero JM (2003) Expression of membrane and nuclear melatonin receptor mRNA and protein in mouse immune system. Cell Mol Life Sci 60: 2272–2278.
• Cavalvante AK, Martinez GR, Di Mascio P, Menck GFM, Agnez-Lima LF (2002) Cytotoxicity and mitogenesis induced by singlet oxygen in wild type and DNA repair deficient. Escherichia coli strains. DNA Repair 1: 1051–1056.
• Ceinos RM, Chansard M, Revel F, Calgari C, Miquez JM, Simmonneaux V (2004) Analysis of adrenergic regulation of melatonin synthesis in Siberian hamster pineal emphasizes the role of HIOMT. Neurosignals 13: 308-317.
• Chyan YJ, Poeggeler B, Omar RA, Chain DG, Frangione B, Ghiso J, Pappolla MA (1999) Potent neuroprotective properties against the Alzheimer beta-amyloid by an endogenous melatonin-related indole structure, indole- 3-propionic acid. J Biol Chem 273: 21937–21942.
• Dubocovich M, Markowska M (2005) Functional MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptors in mammals. Endocrine 27: 101–110.
• Escames G, Lopez LC, Tapias V, Utrilla P, Reiter RJ, Hitos AB, Leon J, Rodriguez MI, Acuna-Castroviejo D (2006) Melatonin counteracts inducible mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle of septic mice. J Pineal Res 40: 71–78.
• Gitto E, Tan DX, Reiter RJ, Karbownik M, Manchester LC, Cuzzocrea S, Fulia F, Barberi I (2001) Individual and synergistic antioxidative actions of melatonin with vitamin E, vitamin C, glutathione and desferrioxamine in rat liver homogenates. J Pharm Pharmacol 53: 1393-1401.
• Gomez M, Esparza JL, Nogues MR, Giralt M, Cabre M, Domingo JL (2005) Pro-oxidant activity of aluminum in the rat hippocampus: gene expression of antioxidant enzymes after melatonin administration. Free Radic Biol Med 38: 104–111.
• Guenther AL, Schmidt SI, Laatsch H, Fotso S, Ness H, Ressmeyer AR (2005) Reactions of the melatonin metabolite AMK (N1-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine) with reactive nitrogen species: formation of novel compounds, acetamidomethyl-6-methoxycinnolinone and 3-nitro-AMK. J Pineal Res 39: 251–260.
• Hardeland R (2005) Antioxidant protection by melatonin. Endocrine 27: 119–130.
• Hardeland R, Fuhrberg B (1996) Ubiquitous melatonin — presence and effects in unicells, plants and animals. Trends Comp Biochem 2: 25–45.
• Hardeland R, Poeggeler B (2003) Non-vertebrate melatonin. J Pineal Res 34: 233–241.
• Hardeland R, Coto-Montes A, Poeggeler B (2003) Circadian rhythms, oxidative stress, and antioxidative defenses mechanisms. Chronobiol Int 20: 921–926.
• Hardeland R, Pandi Perumal SR (2005) Melatonin, a potent agent in antioxidative defense: actions as a natural food contaminant, gastrointestinal factor, drug and prodrug. Nutr Metab 2: 22–31.
• Hsu CH, Han BC, Liu MY, Yeh CY, Casida JE (2000) Phosphine- induced oxidative damage in rats: attenuation by melatonin. Free Radic Biol Med 28: 636–642.
• Johnston JD, Bashforth R, Diack A, Anderson H, Lincoln GA, Hazelerigg DC (2004) Rhythmic melatonin secretion does not correlate with the expression of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase, inducible cyclic AMP early repressor period 1 or cytochrome 1 mRNA in the sheep pineal. Neuroscience 124: 789–795.
• Jou MJ, Peng TI, Reiter RJ, Jou SB, Wu HY, Wen ST (2004) Visualization of the antioxidative effects of melatonin at the mitochondrial level during oxidative-stress apoptosis of rat brain astrocytes. J Pineal Res 37: 55–70.
• Klein DC, Weller JL (1970) Indole metabolism in the pineal gland: a circadian rhythm in N-acetyltransferase. Science 169: 1093–1095.
• Kotler M, Rodriguez C, Sainz RM, Antolin I, Menendez- Pelaez A (1998) Melatonin increases gene expression for antioxidant enzymes in rat brain cortex. J Pineal Res 24: 83–89.
• Leon J, Acuna–Castroviejo D, Escames G, Tan DX, Reiter RJ (2005) Melatonin mitigates mitochondrial malfunction. J Pineal Res 38: 1–9.
• Leon J, Escames G, Rodriquez MI, Lopez LC, Tapias V, Entrena A, Camacho E, Carrion MD, Gallo MA, Espinosa A, Tan DX, Reiter RJ, Acuna-Castroviejo D (2006) Inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase activity by N1-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine, a brain metabolite of melatonin. J Neurochem 98: 2023–2033.
• Lerchl A, Nonaka KD, Stokkan KA, Reiter RJ (1990) Marked rapid alterations in nocturnal serotonin metabolism in mice and rats exposed to weak intermittent magnetic fields. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 169: 102–108.
• Lerner AB, Case JD, Heinzelmann RV (1959) Structure of melatonin. J Am Chem Soc 81: 6084–6085.
• Liu F, Ng TB (2000) Effect of pineal indoles on activities of the antioxidant defense enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase, and levels of reduced and oxidized glutathione in rat tissues. Biochem Cell Biol 78: 447–453.
• Liu T, Borjigin J (2005) N-acetyltransferase is not the ratelimiting enzyme of melatonin synthesis at night. J Pineal Res 39: 91–96.
• Lopez-Burillo S, Tan DX, Mayo JC, Sainz RM, Reiter RJ (2003) Melatonin, xanthurenic acid resveratrol, EGCG, vitamin C and alpha-lipoic acid differentially reduce oxidative DNA damage induced by Fenton reagents; a study of their individual and synergistic actions. J Pineal Res 34: 269–277.
• Mahal HS, Sharman HS, Mukherjee T (1999) Antioxidant properties of melatonin: a pulse radiolysis study. Free Radic Biol Med 26: 557–565.
• Manev H, Uz T, Ou T (1998) Early upregulation of hippocampal 5-lipoxygense following systemic administration of kianate. Restor Neural Neurosci 12: 81–85.
• Martinez GR, Almeida EA, Klitzke CF, Onuki J, Prado FM, Medeiros MH, Di Mascio P (2005) Measurement of melatonin and its metabolites: importance for the evaluation of their biological roles. Endocrine 27: 111–118.
• Martinez-Cruz F, Pozo D, Osuna C, Espinar A, Merchante C, Guerrero JM (2002) Oxidative stress induced by phenylketonuria in the rat: prevention by melatonin, vitamin E and vitamin C. J Neurosci Res 69: 550–558.
• Matuszak Z, Reszka K, Chignell CF (1997) Reaction of melatonin and related indoles with hydroxyl radicals: ERP and spin trapping investigations. Free Radic Biol Med 23: 367–372.
• Matuszak Z, Bilska MA, Reszka KJ, Chignell CF, Bilski P (2003) Interaction of singlet molecular oxygen with melatonin and related indoles. Photochem Photobiol 78: 449–455.
• Mayo JC, Sainz RM, Antolin I, Herrera F, Martin V, Rodriguez C (2002) Melatonin regulation of antioxidant enzyme expression. Cell Mol Life Sci 59: 1706–1713.
• Menendez-Pelaez A, Poeggeler B, Reiter RJ, Barlow-Walden LR, Pablos MI, Tan DX (1993) Nuclear localization of melatonin in different mammalian tissues: immunological and radioimmunoassay evidence. J Cell Biochem 53: 373–382.
• Miyamoto S, Martinez GR, Medeiros MHG, Di Mascio P (2003) Singlet molecular oxygen generated from lipid hydroperoxides by the Russell mechanism: studies using 18(O)-labeled linoleic acid hydroperoxide and monomol light emission measurements. J Am Chem Soc 125: 6172–6179.
• Montilla P, Cruz A, Padillo F, Tunez I, Gascon F, Munoz MC, Gomez M, Pera C (2001) Melatonin versus vitamin E as protective treatment against oxidative stress after extra-hepatic bile duct ligation in rats. J Pineal Res 31: 138–144.
• Naji L, Carrillo-Vico A, Guerrero JM, Calvo JR (2004) Expression of membrane and nuclear melatonin receptors in mouse peripheral organs. Life Sci 74: 2227–2236.
• Nosjean O, Ferro M, Coge F, Beauverger P, Henlin JM, Lefoulon F, Fauchere JL, Delagrange P, Canet E, Boutin JA (2000) Identification of the melatonin-binding site MT3 as the quinone reductase 2. J Biol Chem 275: 31311–31317
• Nosjean O, Nicolas JP, Klupsch F, Delagrange P, Canet E, Boutin JA (2001) Comparative pharmacological studies of melatonin receptors: MT1, MT2 and MT3-QR2: tissue distribution of MT3/QR2. Biochem Pharmacol 61: 1369–1379.
• Ohta Y, Kongo-Nishimura M, Matsura T, Yamada K, Kitagawa A, Kishikawa T (2004) Melatonin prevents disruption of hepatic reactive oxygen species metabolism in rats treated with carbon tetrachloride. J Pineal Res 36: 10–17.
• Okatani Y, Walsatsuki A, Reiter RJ, Miyahara Y (2002) Melatonin reduces oxidative damage of neural lipids and proteins in senescence-accelerated mouse. Neurobiol Aging 23: 639–644.
• Onuki J, Almeida EA, Medeiros MHG, Mascio PD (2005) Inhibition of 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced DNA damage by melatonin, N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine, quercetin or resveratrol. J Pineal Res 38: 107–115.
• Pablos MI, Reiter RJ, Ortiz GG, Guerrero JM, Agapito MT, Chuang JI, Sewerynek E (1998) Rhythms of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in brain of chick and their inhibition by light. Neurochem Int 32: 69–75.
• Poeggeler B, Reiter RJ, Hardeland R, Sewerynek E, Melchiorri D, Barlow-Walden LR (1995) Melatonin, a mediator of electron transfer and repair reactions acts synergistically with the chain breaking antioxidants ascorbate trolox and glutathione. Neuroendocrinol Lett 17: 87–92.
• Poeggeler B, Reiter RJ, Hardeland R, Tan DX, Barlow- Walden LR (1996) Melatonin and structurally-related endogenous indoles act as potent electron donors and radical scavengers in vitro. Redox Repo 2: 179–184.
• Poeggeler B, Thuermann S, Dose A, Schoenke M, Burkhardt S, Hardeland R (2002) Melatonin’s unique radical scavenging properties role of its functional substituents as revealed by a comparison with its structural analogs. J Pineal Res 33: 20–30.
• Pozo D, Reiter RJ, Calvo JR, Guerrero JM (1994) Physiological concentrations of melatonin inhibits nitric oxide synthase in rat cerebellum. Life Sci 55: PL455–460.
• Reiter RJ (1991a) Melatonin: The chemical expression of darkness. Mol Cell Endocrinol 79: C153–C158.
• Reiter RJ (1991b) Pineal melatonin: cell biology of its synthesis and of its physiological interactions. Endocrine Rev 12: 151–180.
• Reiter RJ (2000) Melatonin: lowering the high price of free radicals. New Physiol Sci 15: 246–250.
• Reiter RJ, Tan DX (2002) Melatonin: an antioxidant in edible plants. Ann N Y Acad Sci 957: 341–344.
• Reiter RJ, Garcia JJ, Pie J (1998) Oxidative toxicity in models of neurodegeneration: responses to melatonin. Restor Neurol Neurosci 12: 135–142.
• Reiter RJ, Tan DX, Osuna C, Gitto E (2000) Actions of melatonin in the reduction of oxidative stress: a review. J Biomed Sci 7: 444–458.
• Reiter RJ, Tan DX, Manchester LC, Qi W (2001a) Biochemical reactivity of melatonin with reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Cell Biochem Physiol 34: 237–256.
• Reiter RJ, Acuna-Castroviejo D, Tan DX, Burkhardt S (2001b) Free radical-mediated molecular damage: mechanisms for the protective actions of melatonin in the central nervous system. Ann N Y Acad Sci 939: 200–215.
• Reiter RJ, Tan DX, Mayo JC, Sainz RM, Leon J, Czarnocki Z (2003) Melatonin as an antioxidant: biochemical mechanisms and pathophysiological implications. Acta Biochim Polon 50: 1129–1146.
• Reppert SM, Weaver DR, Ebisawa T (1994) Cloning and characterization of mammalian melatonin receptor that mediates reproductive and circadian responses. Neuron 13: 1177–1185.
• Ressmeyer AR, Mayo JC, Zelosko V, Sainz RM, Tan DX, Poeggeler B, Antolin I, Zsizsik BK, Reiter RJ, Hardeland R (2003) Antioxidant properties of the melatonin metabolite N1-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AMK); scavenging of free radicals and prevention of protein oxidation. Redox Rep 8: 205–213.
• Ribelayga C, Pevet P, Simmonneaux V (2000) HIOMT drives the photoperiodic change in the amplitude of the melatonin peak in the Siberian hamster. Am J Physiol 278: R1339–R1345.
• Rodriguez C, Mayo JC, Sainz RM, Antolin I, Herrera F, Martin V, Reiter RJ (2004) Regulation of antioxidant enzymes: a significant role for melatonin. J Pineal Res 36: 1–9.
• Sainz RM, Mayo JC, Rodriguez C, Tan DX, Lopez-Burillo S, Reiter RJ (2003) Melatonin and cell death: differential actions on apoptosis in normal and cancer cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 60: 1407–1426.
• Silva SO, Ximenes VF, Catalani LH, Campa A (2000) Myelopeoxidase- catalyzed oxidation of melatonin by activated neutrophils. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 282: 380–386.
• Stasica P, Ulanski P, Rosiak JM (1998a) Melatonin as a hydroxyl radical scavenger. J Pineal Res 25: 65–66.
• Stasica P, Ulanski P, Rosiak JM (1998b) Reaction of melatonin with radicals in deoxygenated aqueous solutions. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 232: 107–113.
• Tan DX, Chen LD, Poeggeler B, Manchester LC, Reiter RJ (1993) Melatonin: a potent, endogenous hydroxyl radical scavenger. Endocrine J 1: 57–60.
• Tan DX, Manchester LC, Reiter RJ, Plummer BF, Limson J, Weintraub ST, Qi W (2000a) Melatonin directly scavenges hydrogen peroxide: a potentially new metabolic pathway of melatonin. Free Radic Biol Med 29: 1177– 1185.
• Tan DX, Manchester LC, Reiter RJ, Qi W, Karbownik M, Calvo JR (2000b) Significance of melatonin in antioxidative antioxidative defense system: reactions and products. Boil Signals Recept 9: 137–149.
• Tan DX, Manchester LC, Burkhardt S, Sainz RM, Mayo JC, Kohen R, Shohami E, Huo YS, Hardeland R, Reiter RJ (2001) N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine, a biogenic amine and melatonin metabolite, functions as potent antioxidant. FASEB J 15: 2294–2296.
• Tan DX, Manchester LC, Hardeland R, Lopez-Burillo S, Mayo JC, Sainz RM, Reiter RJ (2003) Melatonin: a hormone, a tissue factor, an autocoid, a paracoid and an antioxidant vitamin. J Pineal Res 34: 75–78.
• Tan DX, Manchester LC, Terron MP, Flores LJ, Reiter RJ (2007) One molecule, any derivatives: a never-ending interaction of melatonin with reactive oxygen and nitrogen species? J Pineal Res 42: 28–42.
• Tomas-Zapico C, Coto-Montes A (2005) A proposed mechanism to explain the stimulatory effect of melatonin on antioxidative enzymes. J Pineal Res 39: 99–104.
• Urata Y, Honma S, Goto S, Todoroki S, Iida T, Cho S, Honma K, Kondo T (1999) Melatonin induces gammaglutamylcysteine synthetase mediated by activator protein- 1 in human vascular endothelial cells. Free Radic Biol Med 27: 838–847.
• Uz T, Manev H (1998) Circadian expression of pineal 5- lipoxygenase mRNA. Neuroreport 9: 783–786.
• Winiarska K, Fraczyk T, Malinska D, Drozak J, Bryla J (2006) Melatonin mitigates diabetes-induced oxidative stress in rabbits. J Pineal Res 40: 168–176.
• Witt-Enderby PA, Bennett J, Jarzynaka MM, Firestine S, Melan MA (2003) Melatonin receptors and their regulation: biochemical and structural mechanisms. Life Sci 72: 2183–2198.
• Witt-Enderly PA, Radio NM, Doctor JS, David VL (2006) Therapeutic treatments potentially mediated by melatonin receptors: potential clinical uses in the prevention of osteoporosis, cancer and as an adjuvant therapy. J Pineal Res 41: 297–305.
• Wurtman RJ, Axelrod J (1965) The pineal gland. Sci Amer 213: 50–60.
• Ximenes VF, Campa A, Catalani LH (2001) The oxidation of indole derivatives catalyzed by horse radish peroxidase is highly chemiluminescent. Arch Biochem Biophys 387: 173–179.
• Ximenes VF, Silva SO, Rodrigues MR, Catalani LH, Maghzal GJ, Kettle AJ, Campa A (2005) Superoxide dependent oxidation of melatonin by myeloperoxidase. J Biol Chem 280: 38160–38169.
• Zavodnik IB, Lapshima EA, Zavodnik LB, Labieniec M, Bryszewska M, Reiter RJ (2004) Hypochlorous acidinduced oxidative stress in Chinese hamster B14 cells: viability, DNA and protein damage and the protective action of melatonin. Mutat Res 559: 39–48.
• Zhang H, Akbar M, Kim HY (1999) Melatonin: an endogenous negative modulator of 12-lipoxygenation in the rat pineal gland. Biochem J 344 (pt 2): 487–493.