Morphometric variation of the skull during postnatal development in the Lowland European bison Bison bonasus bonasus

• Autorzy: Krasinska M. , Szuma E. , Kobrynczuk F. , Szara T.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

We studied the variation of linear measurements and skull capacity in Lowland European bisonBison bonasus bonasus (Linnaeus, 1758) during postnatal development, and the dependencies of the parameters in relation to sex, age, and body mass of the animals. Material consisted of 599 bison skulls (310 males and 289 females), within the age range of 1 month to 21 years (males) and to 27 years (females). In the group of calves to 1 year old, no sex connected differences in skull measurements were observed, whereas the skull capacity in older calves was significantly larger (0.01>p>0.001) in males than in females. From the third year of life, most skull measurements display characteristics of sexual dimorphism. Skull development in both sexes is most intensive during the first three years of life, and slows from the age of 5. In older individuals of both sexes (≥ 6 years), orbital breadth continues growing and, in females, breadth of splanchnocranium continues increasing. Growth in a bison’s skull capacity is most intensive up to the third year of life and slows from the age of 5. During postnatal development, a bison skull grows proportionally except the neurocranium, which grows slightly slower in comparison with basal length and its development finishes earlier than that of splanchnocranium. In ontogenesis, a bison skull grows much slower compared to body mass. In relation to body mass, skull capacity and the height of neurocranium grow most slowly while orbital breadth grows most intensively. The results obtained were compared with data on skull sizes of bison born in 1930–1950 and bred in captivity and with skulls of the American bisonBison bison. Inbreeding is probably responsible for some types of phenotypic abnormalities in the skull which appear in modern European bison.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

postnatal development; Bison bonasus bonasus; morphological distance; morphometry; morphometric variation; age class; allometric analysis; Lowland European bison; sexual dimorphism; skull; Bison bison; American bison

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Theriologica
• Rocznik: 2008
• Tom: 53
• Numer: 3
• Opis fizyczny: p.193-216,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Krasinska M.

• Polish Academy of Sciences, 17-230 Bialowieza, Poland

autor

Szuma E.

autor

Kobrynczuk F.

autor

Szara T.

Bibliografia

• Belousova I. P. 1999. Importance and assessment of indicators of genetic variability for protection of the European bison. Prioksko-terrasnyj Gosudarstvennyj Biosfernyj Zapovednik, RAN, Pushchino: 1–103. [In Russian]
• Bashkirov V. S. 1940. Caucasian bison. Monographic outline. Monograficheskii ocherk. [In: Caucasian bison. N. K. Kulagin, ed]. Glavnoe Upravelenie po zapovednikam, zooparkam i zoosadam, Moskva: 7–22. [In Russian]
• Bohlken H. 1967. Beitrag zur Systematik der rezenten Formen der GattungBison H. Smith, 1827. Zeitschrift für Zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung 5: 54–110.
• Corbet G. B. 1978. The mammals of the plaearctic region: a taxonomic review. British Museum (Natural History). Cornell University Press, London and Ithaca: 1–314.
• Duerst J. U. 1926. Vergleichende Untersuchungsmethoden am Skelett bei Saugern. Urban und Schwarzenberg 7: 125–530.
• Empel W. 1962. Morphologie des Schadels vonBison bonasus (Linnaeus, 1758). Acta Theriologica 6: 53–11.
• Flerov C. C. 1965. Comparative craniology of recent representatives of the genus Bison. Byulletin Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispitatelei Prirody, Otdel Biolgii 70: 40–54. [In Russian]
• Flerov K. K. 1979. Systematic and evolution. [In: European bison, morphology, systematic, evolution and ecology. V. E. Sokolov, ed]. Izdatelstvo Nauka, Moskva: 1–112.
• Gill J. 1999. Outline of the European bison physiology. Severus, Warsaw: 1- 175. [In Polish with English summary]
• Gill J. 2002. Results of the restitution of the European bison of the 70 years of breeding as compared to other endangered homozygotic species. Kosmos 51: 483–489. [In Polish with English summary]
• Gill J. 2006. Physiological results of the restitution of the European bison after 70 years of breeding at the present danger from the homozygosity. [In: Health threats for the European bison particularly in free-roaming populations in Poland. J. Kita and K. Anusz, eds]. The SGGW Publishers, Warszawa: 259–266. [In Polish with English summary]
• Juśko J. 1953. Sexual dimorphism of skeleton of European bison (Bison bonasus). Folia Morphologica 4: 1–30. [In Polish]
• Kobryń H. and Cegiełka S. 1994. Osteometry of the horncores, processus cornuales, in European Bison (Bison bonasus L. 1758). Annales Warsaw Agriculture University, Veterinary Medicine 19: 41–46.
• Kobryńczuk F. 1985. The influence of inbreeding on the shape and size of the skeleton of the European bison. Acta Theriologica 30: 379–422.
• Kobryńczuk F., Cegiełka S. and Krasińska M. 1990. The geometry of foramen magnum in European bison. Annales Warsaw Agriculture University, Veterinary Medicine 16: 31–35.
• Kobryńczuk F. and Kobryń H. 1980. Growth rate of selected parameters of the European bison skull (Bison bonasus L.). Folia Morphologica 39: 69–77.
• Kobryńczuk F., Krasińska M. and Szara T. 2008a. Assessment of sexual dimorphism in skulls of Lowland European bison,Bison bonasus bonasus (L.) on the base of selected parameters. Annales Zoologici Fennici 45 (in print).
• Kobryńczuk F., Krasińska M. and Szara T. 2008b. Polarization of skull shapes in adult Lowland European bison,Bison bonasus bonasus (L). Annales Zoologici Fennici 45 (in print).
• Kobryńczuk F. and Roskosz T. 1980. Correlation of skull dimensions in the European bison. Acta Theriologica 25: 349–363.
• Kobryńczuk F. and Roskosz T. 1984. The correlation between the capacity of the spinal canal, canalis vertebralis, and the cranial cavity, cavum cranii, in European bison,Bison bonasus (L.). Annales Warsaw Agriculture University, Veterinary Medicine 12: 3–10.
• Koch W. 1927. Über Schädelmerkmale zur Unterscheidung der rezenten Wisentrassen. Berichte Internationale Geselschaft Erhaltung Wisents 2: 175–183.
• Krasińska M. and Krasiński Z. A. 2002. Body mass and measurements of the European bison during postnatal development. Acta Theriologica 47: 85–106.
• Krasińska M. and Krasiński Z. A. 2007. European bison. The Nature Monograph. Mammal Research Institute PAS, Białowieża: 1–317.
• Makowiecka M. 1994. Usefulness of the chosen qualitative and quantitative features of skull differentiation in three breeding lines of European bison,Bison bonasus (Linnaeus, 1758). Annales Warsaw Agriculture University, Veterinary Medicine 19: 3–17.
• Matuszewska M., Olech W., Bielecki W. and Osińska B. 2004. The influence of inbreeding on the pathological changes occurrence in European bison male reproduction tract. Parki Narodowe i Rezerwaty Przyrody 23: 685–679. [In Polish with English summary]
• Matuszewska M. and Sysa P. 2001. Epididymal defects in European bison. Folia Morphologica 60: 145.
• Matuszewska M. and Sysa P. 2002. Epididymal cysts in European bison. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 36: 637–640.
• McDonald J. N. 1981. North American bison, their classification and evolution. University California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: 1–318.
• Nemtsev A. S., Rautian G. S., Puzarenko A. Ju., Sipko T. P., Kalabushkin B. A. and Mironenko I. V. 2003. European bison in Caucasus mountains. Kachestvo, Moskva-Maikop: 1–292. [In Russian]
• Nikitiuk B. A. 1972. Rate of production and destruction of osseous tissue in relation to age. Folia Morphologica 31: 301–313. [In Polish with English summary]
• Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria, 2005. Fifth edition. World Association of Veterinary Anatomists, Hannover, Columbia, Gent, Sapporo: 1–166.
• Olech W. 1987. Analysis of inbreeding in European bison. Acta Theriologica 32: 373–387.
• Olech W. 2003. Influence of individual and maternal inbreeding on survival of European bison (Bison bonasus) calves. Treatises and Monographs. Publications of Warsaw Agricultural University, Warszawa: 1–87. [In Polish with English summary]
• Olech W. 2006. The analysis of European bison genetic diversity using the pedigree data. [In: Health threats for the European bison particularly in free-roaming populations in Poland. J. Kita and K. Anusz, eds]. The SGGW Publishers, Warszawa: 205–210.
• Roskosz T. and Kobryńczuk F. 1983. Determining the cranial cavity capacity of the European bison,Bison bonasus (L., 1758) on the basis of chosen parameters of the cranium. Annales Warsaw Agriculture University, Veterinary Medicine 11: 3–7.
• Roskosz T. and Kobryńczuk F. 1986. The variability of the length measurements of chosen parts of the axial skeleton and their correlations in the European bison,Bison bonasus (L.). Annales Warsaw Agriculture University, Veterinary Medicine 13: 3–10.
• Shackleton D. M., Hills L. V. and Hutton D. A. 1975. Aspects of variations in cranial characters of plain bison (Bison bison bison Linnaeus 1975) from Elk Island National Park Alberta. Journal Mammalogy 56: 871–887.
• Slatis H. M. 1960. An analysis of inbreeding in the European bison. Genetics 45: 275–287.
• Sysa P. and Matuszewska M. 2006. Cytogenetic, ultrastructure of seminiferous tubules and epididymal cysts in European bisonBison bonasus (L). [In: Health threats for the European bison particularly in free-roaming populations in Poland. J. Kita and K. Anusz, eds]. The SGGW Publishers, Warszawa: 244–249.
• Statistica.PL 1997. STATISTICA PL dla Windows. Version 6. StatSoft Polska Sp. z o.o.
• Węgrzyn M. and Serwatka S. 1984. Teeth eruption in the European bison. Acta Theriologica 29: 11–121.
• Zyll de Jong C. G. 1985. A systematic study of recent Bison, with particular consideration of the Wood Bison (Bison bison athabascae Rhoads 1898). Publications in Natural Sciences 5: 1–69.