The importance of DNA adducts in carcinogenesis has been discussed. The 32P-postlabelling method was developed as a quantitative technique to measure the level of different DNA adducts including adducts in human DNA. The elevated level of DNA adducts was found in white blood cells in persons exposed environmentally and occupationally to high concentrations of PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) in the ambient air. Tobacco also generated higher level of DNA adducts both in lymphocytes and laryngeal tissues of smokers. Exposure to styrene has been of interest world-wide because of the very high exposure and persistence of adducts in DNA of lamination workers.
Bastlova, T., Vodicka, P., Peterkova, K., Hemminki, K. & Lambert, B. (1995) Styrene oxide-induced HPRT mutations and DNA strand breaks in cultured human T-lymphocytes. Carcinogenesis 16, 2357-2362.
Grzybowska, E., Hemminki, K. & Chorąży, M. (1993a) Seasonal variations in levels of DNA adducts and X-spots in the human populations living in different parts of Poland. Environ. Health Perspect. 99,77-81.
Grzybowska, E., Hemminki, K.. Szeliga, J. & Chorąży, M. (1993b) Seasonal variation of aromatic adducs in human lymphocytes and granulocytes. Carcinogenesis 14. 2523-2526.
Hemminki, K., Grzybowska, E., Chorąży, M., Twardo wska-Saucha, K., Sroczyński, J.W., Putman, K.L, Randerath, K., Phillips, D.H., Hewer, A., Santella, R.M., Young, T.L. & Perera, F.P. (1990) DNA adducts in humans environmentally exposed to aromatic compounds in an industrial area of Poland. Carcinogenesis 7,1229-1231.
Hemminki, K., Szyfter, K. & Kadlubar, F.F. (1991a) Quantitation of the 32P-postlabeling reaction using N1,N2 and C8 modified deoxyguanosine 3'-monophosphates as substrates. Chem.-Biol. Interact. 77,51-61.
Hemminki, K., Szyfter, K., Vodicka, P., Koivisto, P., Mustonen, R. & Reunanen, A. (1991b) Quantitative aspects of 32P-postlabeling; in Trends in Biological Dosimetry (Gledhill, B.L. & Mauro, F., eds.) pp. 219-228, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Hemminki, K., Soderling, J., Ericson, P., Norbeck, H.E. & Segerback, D. (1994b), DNA adducts among personnel servicing and loading diesel vehicles. Carcinogenesis 15,767-769.
Hemminki, K., Zhang, L.F., Kruger, J., Autrup, H., lornqvist, M., Norbeck, H.E. (1994a) Exposure of bus and taxi drivers to urban air pollutants as measured by DNA and protein adducts. Toxicol. Lett. 72,171-174.
Hemminki, K. (1993) DNA adducts, mutations and cancer. Carcinogenesis 14,2007-2012.
Hemminki, K. (1995) DNA adducts in biomonitor- ing. /. Occup. Environ. Med. 37,44-51.
Hemminki, K. & Vodicka, P. (1995) StyTene: from characterisation of DNA adducts to application in styrene-exposed lamination workers. Toxicol. Lett. 77,153-161.
I ARC (1994) DNA adducts: Identification and biological significance (Hemminki, K., Dipple, A., Shuker,
Ichiba, M., Hagmar, L., Rannug, A., Hogstedt, B., Alexandrie, A.-K., Carstensen, U. & Hemminki, K. (1994) Aromatic DNA adducts, micronuclei and genetic polymorphism for CYP1A1 and GST1 in chimney sweeps. Carcinogenesis 15, 1347-1352.
Hou, S.-M., Lambert, B. & Hemminki, K. (1995) Relationship between hprt mutant frequency, aromatic DNA adducts and genotypes for GSTM1 and NAT2 in bus maintenance workers. Carcinogenesis 16,1913-1917.
Kumar, R., Staffas, J., Fórsti, A. & Hemminki, K. (1995) 32P-Postlabelling method for the detection of 7-alkyIguanine adducts formed by the reaction of different 1,2-alkyl epoxides with DNA. Carcinogenesis 16,483-489.
Kumar, R. & Hemminki, K. (19%) Separation of 7-mcthyl and 7-(2-hydroxyethyl)-guanine adducts in human DNA samples using a combination of TLC and HPLC. Carcinogenesis 17, 485-492.
Mustonen, R., Hietanen, P. & Hemminki, K. (1991a) Postlabeling of the DNA binding products of anticancer agents dacarbazine and cisplatin. Human Carcinogen Exposure; pp. 329-335, IRL Press.
Mustonen, R., Fórsti, A., Hietanen, P. & Hemminki, K. (1991b) Measurement by 32P-postlabelling of 7-methylguanine levels in white blood cell DNA of healthy individuals and cancer patients treated with dacarbazine and procarbazine. Human data and methods development for 7- alkyl-guanines. Carcinogenesis 12,1423-1431.
Mustonen, R. & Hemminki, K. (1992) 7-Methyl- guanine levels in DNA of smokers and non- smokers' total white blood cells, granulocytes and lymphocytes. Carcinogenesis 13,1951-1955.
Mustonen, R., Schoket, B. & Hemminki, K. (1993) Smoking-related DNA adducts: 32P-posllabel- Iing analysis of 7-methylguanine in human bronchial and lymphocyte DNA. Carcinogenesis 14.151-154.
Molier, L., Grzybowska, E., Zeisig, M., Cimander, B., Hemminki, K. & Chorąży, M. (1996) Seasonal variation of DNAadduct pattern in human lymphocytes analyzed by j2P-HPTC. Carcinogenesis 17, 61-66.
Ovrebo, S., Haugen, A., Hemminki, K. & Szyfter, K. (1994) Biological monitoring of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in an electrode paste plant. /. Occup. Med. 36,303-310.
Ovrebo, S., Haugen, A., Hemminki, K., Szyfter, K., Drablós, P.A. & Skogland, M. (1995) Studies of biomarkers in aluminum workers occupation- ally exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Cancer Detect. Prev. 19, 258-267.
Pereraj F.P.j Hemminki^ K.j Grzybowska^ E.j Motykiewicz, G., Michalska, J., Santella, R., Young, T.-L., Dickey, C., Brandt-Rauf, P., DeVivo, I., Blaner, W., Tsai, W.-Y. & Chorąży, M. (1992) Molecular damage from environmental pollution in Poland. Nature (London) 360,256-258.
Perera, F.P., Tang, D.L., O'Neill, J.P., Bigbee, W.L, Albertini, R.J., Santella, R., Ottman, R., Tsai, W.Y., Dickey, C., Mooney, L.A., Savela, K. & Hemminki, K. (1993) HPRT and glycophorin A mutations in foundry workers: relationship to PAH exposure and to PAH-DNA adducts. Carcinogenesis 14,969-973.
Perera, F.P., Dickey, C, Santella, R., O'Neill, J.P.O., Albertini, R.J., Ottman, R., Tsai, W.Y., Mooney, L.A., Savela, K. & Hemminki, K. (1994) Carci- nogen-DNA adducts and gene mutation in foundry workers with low-level exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Carcinogenesis 15, 2905-2910.
Santella, R., Hemminki, K., Tang, D., Paik, M., Ottman, R., Young, T.L, Savela, K., Vodickova, L, Dickey, C., Whyatt, R. & Perera, F.P. (1993) PAH-DNA adducts in white blood cells and urinary 1-hydroxypyrene in foundry workers. Cancer Epi. Biomarkers Prev. 2,59-62.
Savela, K. & Hemminki, K. (1991) DNA adducts in lymphocytes and granulocytes of smokers and nonsmokers detected by the 32P-postlabeling assay. Carcinogenesis 12,503-508.
Segerback, D. & Vodicka, P. (1993) Recoveries of DNA adducts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the 32P-postlabelling assay. Carcinogenesis 14, 2463-2470.
Szyfter, K., Kruger, J., Ericson, P., Vaca, C, Forsti, A. & Hemminki, K. (1994a) 32P-Postlabelling analysis of DNA adducts in humans: Adduct distribution and method improvement. Mutation Res. 313,269-276.
Szyfter, K., Hemminki, K., Szyfter, W., Szmeja, Z., Banaszewski, J. & Yang, K. (1994b) Aromatic DNA adducts in larynx biopsies and leucocytes. Carcinogenesis 15, 2195-2199.
Szyfter, K., Hemminki, K., Szyfter, W., Szmeja, Z. & Banaszewski, J. (1996) Tobacco smoke-associated N7-alkylguanine in DNA of larynx tissue and leucocytes. Carcinogenesis 17,501-506.
Vaca,C.E., Vodicka, P. & Hemminki, K. (1992) Determination of malonaldehyde-modified 2'-deoxy- guanosine-3'-monophosphate and DNA by P-postlablelling. Carcinogenesis 13,593-599.
Vodicka, P. & Hemminki, K. (1991) 32P-Postlabeling of N-7,N2 and O6 2'-deoxyguanosine 3'-mono- phosphate adducts of styrene oxide. Chent.-Biol. Interact. 77,39-50.
Vodicka, P., Vodickova, L. & Hemminki, K. (1993) 32P-Postlabelling of DNA adducts of styrene- -exjx>sed lamination workers. Carcinogentjsis 14^ 2059-2061.
Vodicka, P., Vodickova, L., Trejbalova, K., Sram, R.J. & Hemminki, K. (1994) Persistence of O- guanine DNA adducts in styrene-exposed lamination workers determined by 32P-post- labelling. Carcinogenesis 15,1949-1953.
Vodicka, P., Bastlova, T., Vodickova, L., Peterkova, K., Lambert, B. & Hemminki, K. (1995) Biomarkers of styrene exposure in lamination workers: Levels of 06-guanine DNA adducts, DNA strand breaks and mutant frequencies in the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltrans- ferase gene in T-lymphocytes. Carcinogenesis 16, 213-216.
Widłak, P., Grzybowska, E., Hemminki, K., Santella, R. & Chorąży, M. (1996) 32P-PostIabelling of bulky human DNA adducts enriched by different methods including immunoaffinity chromatography. Chem-Biol. Interactions 99,99-107.