The risk of overweight and obesity in chronic diseases among Warsaw inhabitants measured by self-reported method

• Autorzy: Supranowicz P. , Wysocki M. J. , Car J. , Debska A. , Gebska-Kuczerowska A. , Gromulska L.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Background. Obesity is well known cause of various diseases. However, there are only a few studies which enable to compare directly the magnitude of risk in different groups of chronic diseases. Objectives. The aim of presented paper was to identify a magnitude of the risk of chronic diseases attributable to overweight and obesity on the basis of data on weight and height self-reported by respondents. Material and methods. The survey was conducted among 402 Warsaw inhabitants selected by non-random method. Overweight and obesity was measured by Body Mass Index (BMI) on the basis of the data of weight and height reported by respondents. According to WHO criteria the normal weight is defined as BMI 18.5 - 24.9 kg/m2, overweight as BMI 25.0 - 29.9 kg/m2, and obesity as BMI 30 kg/m2 or more. The following groups of chronic diseases were included: cancer, diabetes and other endocrine diseases, mental disorders, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, digestive diseases, arthritis and allergy disorder. Results. Obesity measured by self-reported method was recognised as significant risk factor for diabetes (OR=9.6, Cl: 2.0152.8), respiratory diseases (OR=10.6, Cl: 3,0-333,7), cardiovascular diseases (OR=5.2, Cl: 1.9-108.3), arthritis (OR=6.3, Cl: 2.4-266.7), digestive diseases (OR=3,8, Cl: 1.3-83.6) and mental disorders (OR=5.8, Cl: 1.5-29.1), while overweight significantly increased the risk of diabetes (OR=4.4, Cl: 1.2-10.8), respiratory diseases (OR=3.2, Cl: 1.4-22.2), cardiovas- culardiseases (OR=2.9, Cl: 1.2-6.4) andarthritis (OR=3.0, Cl: 1.1-9.6) Conclusions. Our findings showed that data on weight and height collected by survey method provide some information about the magnitude of the risk regarding particular groups of diseases attributable to overweight and obesity, nevertheless, underestimation ofBMI calculated in this way should be taken into account.

PL

Wprowadzenie. Otyłość jest dobrze poznaną przyczyną różnych chorób. Jednakże istnieje jedynie niewiele badań, które umożliwiają bezpośrednie porównanie wielkości ryzyka w różnych grupach chorób przewlekłych. Cel. Celem niniejszych badań było określenie wielkości ryzyka wystąpienia chorób przewlekłych, które można przypisać nadwadze i otyłości na podstawie danych o masie ciała i wzroście określonych przez respondentów. Materiał i metody. Badania ankietowe przeprowadzono wśród 402 mieszkańców Warszawy wybranych metodą nielosową. Nadwagę i otyłość mierzono za pomocą wskaźnika Body Mass Index (BMI) w oparciu o dane o wadze i wzroście podane przez respondentów. Zgodnie z kryteriami Światowej Organizacji Zdrowia (WHO) prawidłową masę ciała określono jako BMI 18.5 - 24.9 kg/m2, nadwagę jako BMI 25.0 - 29.9 kg/m2, a otyłość jako BMI 30 kg/m2 lub więcej. Włączono następujące grupy chorób przewlekłych: cukrzyca i inne choroby przemiany materii, choroby nowotworowe, układu krążenia, układu oddechowego, układu trawiennego, reumatyczne, zaburzenia psychiczne i alergiczne. Wyniki. Otyłość określona na podstawie pomiarów dokonanych przez samych respondentów rozpoznano jako istotny czynnik ryzyka cukrzycy (OR=9.6, CI: 2.0-152.8), chorób układu oddechowego (OR=10.6, CI: 3.0-333.7), chorób układu krążenia (OR=5.2, CI: 1.9-108.3), chorób reumatycznych (OR=6.3, CI: 2.4-266.7), chorób układu trawiennego (OR=3.8, CI: 1.3-83.6) i zaburzeń psychicznych (OR=5.8, CI: 1.5-29.1). Nadwaga znacząco zwiększała ryzyko cukrzycy (OR=4.4, CI: 1.2-10.8), chorób układu oddechowego (OR=3.2, CI: 1.4-22.2), chorób układu krążenia (OR=2.9, CI: 1.2-6.4) i chorób reumatycznych(OR=3.0, CI: 1.1-9.6). Wnioski. Wyniki niniejszych badań pokazały, że dane o wadze i wzroście zebrane metodą ankietową mogą w pewnym stopniu dostarczyć informacji o wielkości ryzyka, jakie można przypisać nadwadze i otyłości, niemniej jednak należy uwzględnić niedoszacowanie BMI obliczonego w ten sposób.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

disease risk; human disease; overweight; obesity; chronic disease; Warsaw city; inhabitant

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny
• Rocznik: 2013
• Tom: 64
• Numer: 3
• Opis fizyczny: p.197-203,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Supranowicz P.

• Department of Health Promotion and Postgraduate Education, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene, Chocimska Street 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland

autor

Wysocki M. J.

• Department of Health Promotion and Postgraduate Education, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene, Chocimska Street 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland

autor

Car J.

• Department of Health Promotion and Postgraduate Education, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene, Chocimska Street 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland

autor

Debska A.

• Department of Health Promotion and Postgraduate Education, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene, Chocimska Street 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland

autor

Gebska-Kuczerowska A.

• Department of Health Promotion and Postgraduate Education, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene, Chocimska Street 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland

autor

Gromulska L.

• Department of Health Promotion and Postgraduate Education, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene, Chocimska Street 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland

Bibliografia

• 1. Allender S., Rayner M.: The burden of overweight and obesity-related ill health in UK. Obes Rev 2007;8:467- 473.
• 2. Bender R., Zeeb H., Schwarz M., Jockel K.H., Berger M.: Causes in death in obesity: relevant increase in cardiovascular but not in all-cancer mortality. J Clin Epidmiol 2006;59:1064-1071.
• 3. Bernington de Gonzalez A., Hardge P., Cerhan R., Flint A.J., Hannan L., MacInnis R.J., Moore S.C.: Body-mass index and mortality among 1.46 million white adults. N Engl J Med 2010;363:2211-2219.
• 4. Bowden J.A., To T.H.M., Abernethy A.P., Currow D.C.: Predictors of chronic breathlessness: a large population study. BMC Publ Health 2011;11:33-42.
• 5. Cai N., Ji G-Z., Fan Z-N., Wu Y-F., Zhang F-M., Zhao Z-F., Xu W., Liu Z.: Association between body mass index and erosive esofagitis. World J Gastroenterol 2012;18:2545-2553.
• 6. Calza S., Decarli A., Ferraroni M.: Obesity and prevalence of chronic diseases in the 1999-2000 Italian National Health Survey. BMC Publ Health 2008;8:140-149.
• 7. Chen Y., Rennie D., Cormier Y., Dosman J. Sex specificity of asthma associated with objectively measured body mass index and waist circumstance: the Humboldt Study. Chest 2005;128:3048-3054.
• 8. Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration: Separate and combined associations of body-mass index and abdominal adiposity in cardiovascular disease: collaborative analysis of 58 prospective studies. Lancet 2011;377:1085- 1095.
• 9. Eurostat: Overweight and obesity – BMI statistics. http//epp.eurostat.ec. Europe.eu/statistics/index.php/Overweight_and_obesity_-_BMI-
• 10. Falkstedt D., Hemmingsson T., Rasmussen F., Lundberg I.: Body mass index in late adolescence and its associations with coronary heart disease and stroke in middle age among Swedish men. Int J Obes 2007;31:777-783.
• 11. Field A.E., Coakley E.H., Must A., Spadano J.L., Laird N., Dietz W.H., Rimm E., Colditz G.A.: Impact of overweight on the risk developing common chronic diseases during a 10-year period. Arch Int Med 2001;161:1580-1586.
• 12. Finucane M.M., Stevens G.A., Cowan M., Danaei G., Li J.K., Paciorek C., Singh G.M., Gutierrez H.R., Lu Y., Bahalim A.N., Farzadfar F., Riley L.M., Ezzati M.: National, regional, and global trends in body-mass index since 1980: systematic analysis of health examination surveys and epidemiological studies with 960 country-years and 9,1 million participants. Lancet 2011;377:557-567.
• 13. Freedman D.M., Ron E., Ballard-Barbasch R., Doody M.M., Linet M.S.: Body mass index and all-cause mortality a nationwide US cohort. Int J Obes 2006;30:822-829.
• 14. Freemantle N., Holmes J., Hockey A., Kumar S.: How strong is the association between abdominal obesity and the incidence of type 2 diabetes. Int J Clin Pract 2008;62:1391-1396.
• 15. Gopinath B., Wang J.J., Kifley A., Wall J.R., Eastman C.J., Leedre S.R., Mitchel P.: Five-year incidence and progression of thyroid dysfunction in an older population. Inter Med 2010;12:642-649.
• 16. Grotle M., Hagen K.B., Nutwig B., Dahl F.A., Kvien T.K.: Obesity and osteoarthritis in knee, hip and/or hand: an epidemiological study in the general population with 10 years follow-up. BMC Muskulet Disor 2008;9:132-137.
• 17. Guh D.P., Zhang W., Bansback N., Amarsi Z., Birmingham L., Anis A.H.: The incidence of co-morbidities related to obesity and overweight: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Publ Health 2009;9:88-109.
• 18. Health interview surveys: toward international harmonization of methods and instruments. Ed. DeBruin A., Picavet H.S.J., Nossikov A. WHO, Copenhagen 1996, 83-86.
• 19. Jacobs E.T., Martine M., Alberts D.S., Jiceng R., Lance P., Lowe K., Thompson P.A.: Association between body size and colorectoral adenoma recurrence. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007;5:982-990.
• 20. Jarosz M., Rychlik E.: Overweight and obesity among adults in Poland, 1983-2005. Adv Med Sci 2008;53:54-66.
• 21. Kim Y, Kim Y, Lee S.: An association between colonic adenoma and abdominal obesity. BMC Gastroenterol 2009;15:1-6.
• 22. Konnopka A., Bodemann M., Konig H.H.: Health burden and costs of obesity and overweight in Germany. Eur J Health Econom 2011;12:345-352.
• 23. Lahri M., Morgan C., Symons D.P.M., Bruce I.N.: Modifiable risk factors for RA: prevention, better than cure? Reumatol 2012;51:499-512.
• 24. Larsson S.C., Wolk A.: Obesity and the risk of gallbladder cancer: a meta-analysis. Br J Cancer 2007;96:1457-1461.
• 25. Larsson S.C., Wolk A.: Overweight, obesity and risk of liver cancer: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Br J Cancer 2007;97:1005-1008.
• 26. Luo W., Morrison H., de Groh M., Waters C., DesMeules M., Jones-McLean E., Ugnat A.M., Dysjardins S., Lim M., Mao Y.: The burden of adult obesity in Canada. Chronic Dis Can 2007;27:135-144,
• 27. Luppino F.S., de Wit L.M., Bouvy P.F., Stijnen T., Cuijpers P., Penningx B.W.J.H., Zitmar F.G.: Overweight, obesity, and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2010;67:220- 229.
• 28. Mather A.A., Cox B.J., Enns M.W., Sareen J.: Association between obesity with psychiatric disorders and suicidal behaviours in a nationally representative sample. J Psychosom Res 2009;66:277-285.
• 29. Mokhlesi B.: Obesity hypoventilation syndrome: a state-of-the-art review. Respir Care 2010;55:1347-1362.
• 30. Orpana H.M., Berthelot J.M, Kaplan M.S., Feeny D.H., McFerland B., Ross N.A.: BMI and mortality: results from a national longitudinal study of Canadians. Obesity 2010;18:214-218.
• 31. Ostrowska L., Czapska D., Stefańska E., Karczewska J., Wyszyńska U.: Cholecystolitiasis risk factors at obesity and normoweight persons. Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig 2005;56(1):67-76 (in Polish).
• 32. Phytayakorn R., Super D.M., McHenry C.R.: An investigation of epidemiological factors associated with rarge nodular goiter. J Surg Res 2006;133:16-21.
• 33. Poirer P., Giles T.D., Bray G.A., Mong Y., Stern J.S., Pi-Sunyer X., Eckel R.H.: Obesity and cardiovascular diseases: pathophysiology, evaluation and effect of weight loss. Circulation 2006;113:898-918.
• 34. Rabec C., Ramos P., Veale D.: Respiratory complication of obesity. Arch Broncopneumol 2011;47:252-261.
• 35. Scott K.M., Bruffaerts R., Simon G.E., Alonso J., Angermeyer M., de Giralomo G., Demyttenaere K., Gasquet I., Haro J.M., Karam E., Kessler M.C., Levinson D., Mora M.E.N., Oakley-Browne M., Ormel J.H., Pasada-Villa J., Uda H., Von Korff M.: Obesity and mental disorders in the general population: results from the world mental health survey. Int J Obes 2008;32:192-200.
• 36. Scott K.M., McGee J.E., Oakley-Browne M.A.: Obesity and mental disorders in the adult general population. J Psychosom Res 2008;64:97-105.
• 37. Simon G.E., Von Korff M., Saunders K., Miqlioretti D.L., Crane P.K., Van Belle G., Kessler R.C.: Association between obesity and psychiatric disorders in the USA adult population. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2006;63:824-830.
• 38. Strazzullo P., D’Elia L., Cairella G., Garbagnati F, Cappucino F.P., Scalfi L.: Excess body weight and incidence of stroke: meta-analysis of prospective studies with 2 million participants. Stroke 2010;41:c418-c426.
• 39. Supranowicz P., Wysocki M.J., Car J., Dębska A., Gębska- Kuczerowska A.: Willingness of Warsaw inhabitants to cooperate with health service. I. Opinions on health reforms. Przegl Epidemiol 2012;66:139-148 (in Polish).
• 40. Szponar B., Krzyszycha R.: Evaluation of the knowledge of atherosclerosis prevention among the inhabitants of the Lublin region. Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig 2009;60(1):79-85 (in Polish).
• 41. Tishler P.V., Larkin E.K., Schluchter M.D., Redline S.: Incidence of sleep-disordered breathing in an urban adult population: the relative importance of the risk factors in the development of sleep-disordered breathing. JAMA 2003;289:2230-2237.
• 42. Torgerson J.S., Lindroos A.K., Naslund I., Peltonen M.: Gallstones, gallbladder disease, and pancreatitis: cross-sectional and 2-year data from the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) and SOS Reference Studies. Am J Gastroenterol 2003;98:1032-1041.
• 43. Tsai A.G., Abbo E.D., Ogden L.G.: The time burden of overweight and obesity in primary care. BMC Health Serv Res 2011;11:191.
• 44. Tsai A.G., Williamson D.F., Glick H.A.: Direct medical cost of overweight and obesity in the United States: a quantitative systematic review. Obes Rev 2011;12:50-61.
• 45. Villanuowa E.V.: The validity of self-reported weight in U.S. adults: a population based cross-sectional study. BMC Publ Health 2001;1:11.
• 46. Whitlock G., Lewingstone S, ClarK R., Emberson J., Halsey J., Oiziblash N., Collins R., Peto R.: Body-mass index and cause-specific mortality in 900 000 adults: collaborative analysis of 57 prospective studies. Lancet 2009;373:1083-1096.
• 47. World Health Organization: Global health risk: mortality and burden of disease attributable to selected major risk. WHO, Geneva 2009.
• 48. Young T., Shahar E., Nieto F.J.: Predictors of sleep-disordered breathing in community-dwelling adults: the Sleep Heart Health Study. Arch Int Med 2002;162:893-900.
• 49. Zhang J., Su X.Q., Wu X.J., Liu Y.H., Wang H., Zong X.N., Wang Y., Ji J.F.: Effect of body mass index on adenocarcinoma of gastric cardia. World J Gastroenterol 2003;9:2658-2661.