Clinical and laboratory findings associated with naturally occurring babesiosis in dromedary camels

• Autorzy: Swelum A.A. , Ismael A. B. , Khalaf A. F. , Abouheif M. A.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Clinical, haematological, and biochemical changes induced by naturally occurring babesiosis in dromedary camels were described. Of 258 dromedary camels studied, 34 camels suffered from fever, appetite loss, weakness, depression, and reluctant movement; abortion and/or infertility were also observed. Parasitological blood examinations were performed using Giemsastained blood smears. The clinically affected animals were diagnosed with babesiosis, with 13.17% overall morbidity. Camels that suffered from babesiosis were subjected to haematological and biochemical analyses and the affected group was compared with a control group containing 34 healthy camels. The affected animals showed a highly significant (P<0.00l) reduction of the total red blood cell (RBC) count, haemoglobin (HGB) concentration, and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) as well as a highly significant reduction (P<0.0l) of haematocrit (HCT) and a significant reduction of (P<0.05) mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH). Additional, highly significant increases (P<0.01) in white blood cell (WBC) count and plateletcrit (PCT) percentage were detected. However, other haematological parameters were not significantly altered. There was a very significant reduction (P<0.00l) of the blood iron level and a very significant increase (P<0.001) in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the affected camels. Additionally, significant increases in total protein, albumin, γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and total bilirubin were observed in the affected camels. It was concluded that babesiosis highly affects the haematobiochemical parameters of dromedary camels, including the liver, kidney, and muscle functions. These results represent novel findings concerning natural babesiosis in camels.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy
• Rocznik: 2014
• Tom: 58
• Numer: 2
• Opis fizyczny: p.229-233,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Swelum A.A.

• Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
• Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt

autor

Ismael A. B.

• Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Turaba 21995, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
• Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt

autor

Khalaf A. F.

• Tilad Veterinary Laboratory, Riyadh11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

autor

Abouheif M. A.

• Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Bibliografia

• 1. Al-Qarawi A.A.: Evaluation of the cell DYN 3500 haematology analyzer in the determination of haemogram of camel with high haemolysis-resistant erythrocytes. 5th Scientific Congress. Assiut University. Egypt, 1999, pp. 35-41.
• 2. Borenstein M., Rothstein H., Cohen J.: Sample power statistics 10. SPSS Inc. Chicago 1997.
• 3. Coles E.H.: Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 4th ed. Saunders/ Elsevier, Philadelphia, London, Toronto, Schmidt, 1986, pp. 486.
• 4. Dessouky M.I.: Haematological and biochemical serum constituents of camels in health and disease. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference on Camels. Part III. Qassim University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, KSA, 2006, pp. 1269-1277.
• 5. Egbe-Nwiyi T.N.: Haematological and pathological studies of camel babesiosis in Nigeria. Bull Anim Hlth Prod Afi 1994, 42, 287-290.
• 6. Feldman B.F., Zink J.G., Jain N.C.: Schalm's Veterinary Haematology. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2000, pp. 1344.
• 7. Gray J.S., Weiss L.M.: Babesia microti. In: Khan, N. (Ed.), Emerging Protozoan Pathogens. Taylor and Francis. Abingdon, UK, 2008, pp. 303-349.
• 8. Hamed M.I., Zaitoun A.M.A., El-Allawy T.A.A., Mourad M.I.: Investigation of Theiletia camelensis in camels infested by Hyalomma dromedarii ticks in Upper Egypt. J Adv Vet Res 2011, 1, 4-7.
• 9. Homer M.J.. Aguilar-Delfin I., Telford III S.R., Krause P.J., Persing D.H.: Babesiosis. Clin Microbiol Rev 2000, 13, 451-469.
• 10. Ismael A.B., Swelum A.A., Khalaf A.F., Abouheif M.A.: Clinical, haematological and biochemical alterations associated with an outbreak of theileriosis in dromedaries (Camelas dromedarius) in Saudi Arabia. Pak Vet J 2013, In press.
• 11. Jinnai M., Kawabuchi-Kurata T., Tsuji M., Nakajima R., Fujisawa K., Nagata S., Koide H., Matoba Y., Asakawa M., Takahashi K., Ishihara C.: Molecular evidence for the presence of new Babesia species in feral raccons (Procyon lolor) in Hokkaido, Japan. Vet Parasitol 2009, 162, 241-247.
• 12. Jinnai M., Kawabuchi-Kurata T., Tsuji M., Nakajima R., Hirata H., Fujisawa K., Shiraki H., Asakawa M., Nasuno T., Ishihara C.: Molecular evidence of the multiple genotype infection of a wild Hokkaido brown bear (Urstis arctos yesoensis) by Babesia sp. UR1. Vet Parasitol 2010, 173, 128-133.
• 13. Kabir F., Vazir B.: Normal values in camel. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference on Camels. Part III. Qassim University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, KSA, 2006, pp. 1258-1268.
• 14. Kohler-Rellefson I., Mundy P., Mathias E.: A Field Manual of Camel Diseases. ITDG Publishing. Great Britain, Shortrun Press, 2001, p. 254.
• 15. Mal G., Suchitra Sena D., Kumar R., Sahani M.S.: Haematological and mineral profile of bactrian and dromedary camel. Indian JAnim Sci 2001, 71, 1162-1163.
• 16. Nazifi S., Rezakhani A., Gheisari H.R.: Physical, biochemical and cytological properties of blood and synovial lluids in clinically normal adult camel (Camelus dromedarius). J Vet Med A 1998, 45, 155-160.
• 17. Nijhof A.N., Penzhorn B.L., Lynen G., Mollel J.O., Morkel P., Bekker C.P.J., Jongejan F.: Babesia bicornis sp. nov. and Theileria bicornis sp. nov.: tick - borne parasites associated with mortality in the black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis). J Clin Microbiol 2003, 41, 2249-2254.
• 18. Oosthuizen M.C., Allsopp B.A., Troskie M., Collins N.E., Penzhorn B.L.: Identification of novel Babesia and Theileria species in South African giraffe (Giraffe camelopardalis, Linnaeus, 1758) and roan antelope (Hippotragus equinas, Desmarest 1804). Vet Parasitol 2009, 163, 39-46.
• 19. Qablan M.A., Sloboda M., Jirku M., Obornik M., Dwairic S., Amr Z.S., Horin P., Lukes J., Modry D.: Quest for the piroplasms in camels: identification of Theiletia equi and Babesia caballi in Jordanian dromedaries by PCR. Vet Parasitol 2012, 186, 456-460.
• 20. Rabana J.L., Kumshe H.A, Kamani J., Hafsat G., Turaki U.A., Dilli H.K.: Effects of parasitic infections on erythrocyte indices of camels in Nigeria. Vet Res Forum 2011, 2, 59-63.
• 21. Radostits O.M., Gay C.C., HinchclifT K.W., Constable P.D.: Babesiosis. In: Veletinaty Medicine: A textbook of the diseases of cattle, horses, sheep, pigs, and goats. 10th ed. Saunders/Elsevier, Edinburgh, London, New York, Oxford, Philadelphia, St Louis, Sydney, Toronto, 2007 pp. 1483-1498.
• 22. Reichard M.V., Van Den Bussche R A., Meinkoth J.H., Hoover J.P., Kocan A.A.: A new species of Cytauxzoon from Pallas' cat caught in Mongolia and comments on the systematic and taxonomy of piroplasmids J Parasitol 2005,91, 420-426.
• 23. Schnittger L., Rodriguez A.E., Florin-Christensen M., Morrison D.A.: Babesia: a world emerging. Infect Genet Evol 2012, 12, 1788-809.
• 24. Uilenberg G.: Babesia-A historical overview. Vet Parasitol 2006, 138, 3-10.
• 25. Wernery U., Kaaden O-R.: Infectious diseases in camelids Blackwell Wissenschafts-Verlag, Berlin Vienna, 2002, p. 404.
• 26. Woo P.T.K.: The haematocrit centrifuge technique for the diagnosis of African trypanosomiasis. Acta Trop 1970, 27, 384-386.