Micromorphology and anatomy of flowers and nectaries of Saxifraga stolonifera L.

• Autorzy: Konarska A.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Mikromorfologia i anatomia kwiatów i nektarników skalnicy rozłogowej (Saxifraga stolonifera L.)

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Saxifrages are plants commonly found in all continents. Many of them are adapted to flowering and reproduction under mountainous and rocky conditions. They are pollinated by various groups of insects and have intrastaminal nectaries. The morpho- anatomy of the flowers and nectaries of Saxifraga stolonifera L. was examined using bright-field light and stereoscopic microscopy as well as scanning electron microscopy. The abaxial surface of the sepals has multicellular glandular trichomes containing anthocyanins in the base cells and polyphenols in the secretory cells of the head, whereas visual attractants in the form of color spots are found on the petals. The nectary gland is located at the apex of the ovary and forms a yellow-orange fleshy half-ring. Nectar is secreted through numerous modified stomata. The glandular parenchyma does not have vascular elements. Moreover, orange-brown polyphenols were observed in the nectary cells.

PL

Skalnice to rośliny powszechnie występujące na wszystkich kontynentach. Wiele z nich przystosowanych jest do kwitnienia i reprodukcji w górzystych i kamienistych warunkach. Zapylane są przez różne grupy owadów i posiadają intrastaminal nektarniki kwiatowe. Morfo-anatomię kwiatów i nektarników Saxifraga stolonifera L. badano w mikroskopie świetlnym: jasnego pola i stereoskopowym oraz w skaningowym mikroskopie elektronowym. Odosiowa powierzchnia działek kielicha wyposażona jest w wielokomórkowe włoski gruczołowe zawierające antocyjany w komórkach podstawy i polifenole w komórkach wydzielniczych główki, natomiast na płatkach korony występują atraktanty sygnalizacyjne w postaci wskaźników barwnych. Gruczoł nektarnikowy osadzony jest na szczycie zalążni słupka w postaci mięsistej, żółto-pomarańczowej półkorony. Sekrecja nektaru odbywa się przez liczne, zmodyfikowane aparaty szparkowe. Parenchyma gruczołowa nie jest wyposażona w elementy tkanki przewodzącej. Ponadto w komórkach nektarnika zaobserwowano polifenole o pomarańczowo-brązowej barwie.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Agrobotanica
• Rocznik: 2014
• Tom: 67
• Numer: 4
• Opis fizyczny: p.3-12,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Konarska A.

• Department of Botany, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland

Bibliografia

• Roy H, editor. Reader`s Digest encyclopedia of garden plants and flowers. London: The Reader`s Digest Association Limited; 1987.
• Chmiel H. Uprawa roślin ozdobnych. Warszawa: PWRiL; 2000.
• Szweykowska A, Szweykowski J. Słownik botaniczny. Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Wiedza Powszechna; 2003.
• Röth J. Pflanzez fürs Zimmer. Leipzig: Neuman Verlag; 1989.
• Elvander P. The taxonomy of Saxifraga (Saxifragaceae) section Boraphila subsection Integrifoliae in western North America. Syst Bot Monogr. 1984; 3: 1–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25027593
• Gornall RJ, Bohm BA. A monograph of Boykinia, Peltoboykinia, Bolandra and Suksdorfia (Saxifragaceae). Bot J Linn Soc. 1985; 90(1): 1–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1985.tb02201.x
• Olesen JM, Warncke E. Flowering and seasonal changes in flower sex ratio and frequency of flower visitors in a population of Saxifraga hirculus. Ecography. 1989; 12(1): 21–30.
• Lindgaard Hansen JE, Molau U. Pollination biology, mating system, and seed set in a Danish population of Saxifraga granulata. Nordic J Bot. 1994; 14(3): 257–268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.1994.tb00597.x
• Bensel, CR, Palser BF. Floral anatomy in the Saxifragaceae sensu lato. I. Introduction, Parnassioideae and Brexioideae. Am J Bot. 1975; 62(2): 176–185. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2441593
• Bensel CR, Palser BF. Floral anatomy in the Saxifragaceae sensu lato. II. Saxifragoideae and Iteoideae. Am J Bot. 1975; 62(2): 661–675. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2441593
• Cronquist A. An integrated system of classification of flowering plants. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Columbia University Press; 1981.
• Smets EF. Localization and systematic importance of the floral nectaries in the Magnoliatae (Dicotyledons). Bull Jard Bot Nat Belg. 1986; 56: 51–76.
• Decraene LR, Roels P, Smets EF, Backlund A. The floral development and floral anatomy of Chrysosplenium alternifolium, an unusal member of the Saxifragaceae. J Plant Res. 1998; 111(4): 573–580.
• Percival MS. Types of nectar in Angiosperms. New Phytol. 1961; 60: 242–247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1961.tb06255.x
• Bernardello G, Galetto L, Anderson GJ. Floral nectary structure and nectar chemical composition of some species from Robinson Crusoe Island (Chile). Can J Bot. 2000; 78(7): 862–871. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b00-055
• Longman D. The care of house plants. London: Wiliam Clowes & Sons Ltd; 1979.
• Baker H, Baker I. A brief historical review of the chemistry of floral nectar. In: Bentley B, Elias T, editors. The biology of nectaries. New York, NY: Columbia University Press; 1983. p. 126–152.
• Endress PK. Major evolutionary traits of monocot flowers. In: Rudall PJ, Cribb PJ, Cutler DF, Humphries CJ, editors. Monocotyledons: systematics and evolution. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens; 1995: 43–79.
• Rudall PJ, Manning JC, Goldblatt P. Evolution of floral nectaries in Iridaceae. Ann Miss Bot Gard. 2003; 90: 613–631.
• Bernardello G. A systematic survey of floral nectaries. In: Nicolson SW, Nepi M, Pacini E, editors. Nectaries and Nectar. The Netherlands: Springer, Dordrecht; 2007. p. 19–128.
• Johansen DA. Plant microtechnique. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 1940.
• Elvander P. Saxifragaceae: saxifrage family. Journal Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science. 1992; 26(1): 36–41.
• Al-Shammar, KIA, Gornall RJ. Trichome anatomy of the Saxifragaceae sl from the southern hemisphere. Bot J Linn Soc. 1994; 114(2): 99–131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1994.tb01926.x
• Gornall RJ. Trichome anatomy and taxonomy of Saxifraga (Saxifragaceae). Nord J Bot. 1986; 6(3): 257–275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.1986.tb00877.x
• Beardsell DV, Williams EG, Knox RB. The structure and histochemistry of the nectary and anther secretory tissue of the flowers of Thryptomene calycina (Lindl) Stapf (Myrtaceae). Aust J Bot. 1989; 37: 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/BT9890065
• Konarska A. Comparison of the structure of floral nectaries in two Euonymus L. species (Celastraceae). Protoplasma. 2014 (in press). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00709-014-0729-6
• Matthews ML, Endress PK. Comparative floral structure and systematics in Celastrales (Celastraceae, Parnassiaceae, Lepidobotryaceae). Bot J Linn Soc. 2005; 149: 129–194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2005.00445.x
• de-Paula OC, das Graças Sajo M, Prenner G, Cordeiro I, Rudall PJ. Morphology, development and homologies of the perianth and floral nectaries in Croton and Astraea (Euphorbiaceae-Malpighiales). Plant Syst Evol. 2011; 292: 1–14.
• Montenegro G, Díaz-Forestier J, Fredes C, Rodríguez S. Phenolic profiles of nectar and honey of Quillaja saponaria Mol.(Quillajaceae) as potential chemical markers. Biol Res. 2013; 46: 177–182. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0716-97602013000200009
• Barbehenn RV, Constabel PC. Tannins in plant–herbivore interactions. Phytochemistry. 2011; 72(13): 1551–1565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.01.040
• Salminen JP, Karonen M. Chemical ecology of tannins and other phenolics: we need a change in approach. Funct Ecol. 2011; 25(2): 325–338. 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01826.x
• Heil M. Nectar: generation, regulation and ecological functions. Trends Plant Sci. 2011; 16: 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2011.01.003
• Jaworska H, Nybom N. A thin-layer chromatographic study of Saxifraga caesia, S. aizoides, and their putative hybrid. Hereditas. 1967; 57(1–2): 159–177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1967.tb02098.x
• Taneyama M, Yoshida S, Kobayashi M, Hasegawa M. Isolation of norbergenin from Saxifraga stolonifera. Phytochemistry. 1983; 22(4): 1053–1054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(83)85064-X
• Goswami PK, Samant M, Srivastava RS. Multi faceted Saxifraga ligulata. Int J Res Ayurveda Pharm. 2013; 4(4): 608–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2277-4343.04432
• Chen Z, Liu YM, Yang S, Song BA, Xu GF, Bhadury PS, et al. Studies on the chemical constituents and anticancer activity of Saxifraga stolonifera (L) Meeb. Bioorg Med Chem. 2008; 16(3): 1337–1344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2007.10.072
• Kevan PG. Floral colors in the high arctic with reference to insect-flower relations and pollination. Can J Bot. 1972; 50(11): 2289–2316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b72-298
• Kevan PG, Giurfa M, Chittka L. Why are there so many and so few white flowers? Trends Plant Sci. 1996; 1: 280–284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1360–1385(96)20008-1
• Chittka L, Shmida A, Troje N, Menzel R. Ultraviolet as a component of flower reflections, and the colour perception of Hymenoptera. Vision Res. 1994; 34: 1489–1508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(94)90151-1
• Weigend M. Grossulariaceae. In: Flowering Plants. Eudicots. Berlin: Springer; 2007. p. 168–176.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.5586/aa.2014.054