Blackcaps Sylvia atricapilla on migration: a link between long-term population trends and migratory behaviour revealed by the changes in wing length

• Autorzy: Ozarowska A. , Zaniewicz G. , Meissner W.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Jesienna wędrówka kapturki: związek między wieloletnią dynamiką liczebności populacji wędrownych i zachowaniami migracyjnymi ptaków na podstawie analizy zmienności długości skrzydła

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Recent climate change has a major impact on the sizes and distribution of bird populations, the phenology of their breeding/migration and migratory behaviour (migration distance, migration strategy). We documented changes in the numbers of juvenile Blackcaps migrating in autumn through the S Baltic that were paralleled by changes in wing length of captured individuals during a 43-year study period (1967-2009). We suggest that the observed trends may indicate changing population composition of migrating birds. In the Blackcap, wing length distinguishes among different populations and increases with increasing migration distance of a given population. Available published data show that long-distance and short-distance Blackcaps pass the study region. Hence, we assumed that shorter-winged birds are short-distance migrants wintering in the southern Europe, and that longer-winged individuals are long-distance migrants wintering in the sub-Saharan region. It seems that in 1967-1980 most Blackcap populations declined, but, as wing length slightly increased, the rate of this decline has been higher in the shorter-winged/short-distance Blackcaps. Over the subsequent 24 years alongside with rapidly growing numbers of birds, we noted a remarkable decrease in wing length. This indicates a pronounced increase in the number of short-distance individuals compared to long-dis- tance migrants. Both groups may benefit from improved conditions at their breeding grounds, but the shorter migration route and favourable conditions at wintering sites north of Sahara could favour short-distance migrants over the longer distance and longer-winged Blackcaps.

PL

Postępujące zmiany klimatu mają znaczący wpływ na liczebność i rozmieszczenie populacji ptaków, jak również na fenologię cyklicznych zjawisk, takich jak wędrówki czy sezon lęgowy. Kapturka jest jednym z gatunków, który łatwo adaptuje się do zmieniających się warunków środowiska i wykazuje istotny wzrost liczebności populacji. Ptaki pochodzące z centralnych, północnych i wschodnich obszarów Europy to migranty obligatoryjne. Spośród nich populacje wędrujące przez polskie wybrzeże Bałtyku to kapturki zimujące na południe od Sahary (migranty dalekodystansowe), jak również migranty krótkodystansowe zimujące w basenie Morza Śródziemnego. Badania wykazały, że podobnie jak w przypadku innych gatunków wędrownych, średnia długość skrzydła u tego gatunku zwiększa się wraz z odległością pokonywaną przez ptaki w czasie migracji. W swoich badaniach wykorzystaliśmy ten fakt i założyliśmy, że długość skrzydła chwytanych osobników zezwala na rozróżnienie kapturek wędrujących na krótsze odległości i zimujących w Europie, od tych zimujących w Afryce. Obie te grupy mogą w różnym stopniu reagować na globalne zmiany klimatu kształtujące warunki środowiskowe. Analiza danych z lat 1967-2009 zebranych w trakcie jesiennej migracji gatunku wykazała istotne zmiany długości skrzydła kapturek, którym towarzyszyły zmiany liczebności gatunku (Tab. 1 i 2). Zmiany te mogą świadczyć o zmieniającym się udziale populacji migrantów krótko- i dalekodystansowych wśród kapturek wędrujących przez południowe wybrzeże Bałtyku. W pierwszych kilkunastu latach badań, większość populacji wędrownych wykazała spadek liczebności (Fig. 1), przy czym długość skrzydła badanych kapturek nieco wzrosła (Fig. 2). Może to sugerować, że tempo spadku liczebności kapturek o krótszym skrzydle (migrantów krótkodystansowych) było proporcjonalnie wyższe niż ptaków o dłuższym skrzydle (migrantów dalekodystansowych). Z kolei w latach 1980-2004/2005 gwałtownie rosnącej liczbie kapturek (Fig. 1) towarzyszyła znacząco zmniejszająca się długość skrzydła chwytanych ptaków (Fig. 2). Może to świadczyć o istotnym wzroście liczebności populacji migrantów krótkodystansowych, które w obecnych warunkach środowiskowych mogą być faworyzowane przez selekcję naturalną, zarówno na obszarach lęgowych (wcześniejszy przylot na lęgowiska, wyższy sukces lęgowy), jak i zimowisk (większa przeżywalność podczas łagodnych zim).

Słowa kluczowe

EN

bird; Blackcap; Sylvia atricapilla; bird migration; migration; long-term population trend; migratory behaviour; wing length; short-distance migrant; long-distance migrant; long-term dynamics

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Ornithologica
• Rocznik: 2016
• Tom: 51
• Numer: 2
• Opis fizyczny: p.211-219,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Ozarowska A.

• Avian Ecophysiology Unit, Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Zoology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80–308 Gdansk, Poland
• Bird Migration Research Station, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80–308 Gdansk, Poland

autor

Zaniewicz G.

• Avian Ecophysiology Unit, Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Zoology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80–308 Gdansk, Poland
• Bird Migration Research Foundation, Przebendowo, 84–210 Choczewo, Poland

autor

Meissner W.

• Avian Ecophysiology Unit, Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Zoology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80–308 Gdansk, Poland

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Identyfikatory

DOI

10.3161/00016454AO2016.51.2.007