Antybiotykooporność bakterii z rodzaju Lactobacillus pochodzących z żywności, jako kryterium stawiane probiotykom

• Autorzy: Rzepkowska A. , Zielinska D. , Kolozyn-Krajewska D.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Antibiotic resistance to bacteria of Lactobacillus genus isolated from food, as a criterion for probiotic

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

PL

Powszechne i niewłaściwe stosowanie antybiotyków wśród ludzi i zwierząt oraz niestosowanie okresów karencji spowodowało zwiększenie liczby mikroorganizmów patogennych opornych na działanie leków. Mimo że bakterie mlekowe posiadają status GRAS, a proces fermentacji jest znany i stosowany od setek lat, pojawiły się doniesienia, że LAB mogą być rezerwuarem genów antybiotykooporności i są w stanie przenosić je na patogeny. Szczepy potencjalnie probiotyczne obligatoryjnie muszą zostać przebadane pod kątem mechanizmów antybiotykooporności. Wśród lekooporności wyróżnia się oporność wrodzoną oraz nabytą, przy czym ryzyko wiąże się z możliwością transferu oporności do innych mikroorganizmów. Największą łatwością transferu u Lactobacillus cechują się geny oporności na tetracyklinę, chloramfenikol i erytromycynę. Znamienne jest to, że bakterie z rodzaju Lactobacillus są w stanie wytworzyć więcej niż jeden mechanizm oporności na antybiotyki. Ocena bezpieczeństwa staje się zatem istotnym kryterium w badaniach szczepów o cechach probiotycznych z punktu widzenia zastosowania jako kultur startowych w żywności.

EN

The widespread and inappropriate use of antibiotics in human and animal and is not applicable grace periods resulted in an increase in the number of pathogenic microorganisms resistant to drugs. Potentially probiotic strains obligatorily have to be tested for antibiotic resistance mechanisms. Although lactic acid bacteria have GRAS status (Generally Recognized as Safe) and the fermentation process is known and used for hundreds of years, it has been found that lactic acid bacteria may be a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes and they are able to transfer them on pathogenic microorganisms. There are two types of resistance: intrinsic and acquired. Intrinsic resistance is a feature of the natural strain or species and do not pose a risk in the transfer characteristics of resistance to other bacteria. While acquired resistance arises in organisms which are initially sensitive to the antibiotic, and are then resistant as a result of changes in their genome as a result of spontaneous mutations or by acquiring from other bacteria resistant gene or genes determining the resistance. Acquired resistance can be transferred horizontally between bacteria, through the mechanisms of transformation, conjugation or transduction. Vertical gene transfer is the inheritance of the offspring. The contribution of the various transfer mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in bacteria transmission is not fully understood, but it is believed that the conjugation is a key mechanism. Firstly, most of the resistance genes are located on mobile DNA elements such as plasmids, transposons and integrons. Secondly conjugation allows transfer of genes between different species of bacteria, while the transduction and transformation of the relationship at the level of one strain. The tetracycline, chloramphenicol and erythromycin resistance gene are the most often and easily transferable genes in Lactobacillus. Resistance to the aminoglycoside antibiotics such as gentamicin, of bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus is considered innate resistance, due to lack of transport. One of the best known Lactobacillus resistance is vancomycin resistance, which is also classifi ed as intrinsic. It is signifi cant that the bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus are able to produce more than one mechanism of antibiotic resistance. According to the WHO the problem of antibiotic resistance among bacteria may pose a risk to public health. Safety assessment is important criterion in strains with probiotic characteristics, from the point of view of use as food starter cultures.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych
• Rocznik: 2014
• Tom: 578
• Opis fizyczny: s.99-110,tab.,bibliogr.

Twórcy

autor

Rzepkowska A.

• Katedra Technologii Gastronomicznej i Higieny Żywności, Wydział Nauk o Żywieniu Człowieka i Konsumpcji, Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie, ul.Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warszawa

autor

Zielinska D.

• Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie, Warszawa

autor

Kolozyn-Krajewska D.

• Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie, Warszawa

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