Dermanyssus gallinae still poses a serious threat for the rearing of laying hens

• Autorzy: Koziatek S. , Sokol R.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Dermanyssus gallinae nadal poważnym zagrożeniem w chowie kur niosek

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Dermanyssus gallinae (poultry red mite) is a temporary parasitic mite which feeds on the blood of many species of domestic, wild and exotic birds. It can also attack mammals and humans. It is widely dispersed throughout the world and is a major problem in poultry production, mainly for laying hens. Under the suitable conditions of farms, the parasite population grows quickly and becomes difficult to control. Invasion of D. gallinae in chickens causes chronic stress, anxiety, irritability, increased cannibalism and mortality (6–8%), and a decrease in laying performance (approx. 15–20%). The possibility of the transmission of many pathogens can affect the spread of epidemiological risks in poultry. D. gallinae has exhibited resistance to adverse environmental conditions and eradication formulas. It is estimated that losses caused by the invasion of D. gallinae and eradication costs in the EU amount to about EUR 130 million annually. To combat D. gallinae, synthetic acaricides, products containing natural or synthetic silica, and the Thermo-kill method are commonly applied. Due to some limitations, alternative methods are still being sought, e.g. substances of natural origin (thuringiensin, spinosad, garlic extract and neem tree, geraniol, eugenol and citral) and vaccinations (subolesin and protein Bm86), as well as the biological control of natural enemies, or the introduction of a condensed light cycle. It seems that today the best results can be achieved by the application of the principles of IPM (Integrated Pest Management). One of the actions which should be jointly implemented by specialists from various fields is the construction of sheds to hinder the settlement of the parasite and to facilitate its liquidation.

PL

Dermanyssus gallinae (poultry red mite) to okresowe pasożytnicze roztocze, które odżywia się krwią wielu gatunków ptaków domowych, dzikich oraz egzotycznych. Może atakować ssaki oraz ludzi. Jest szeroko rozpowszechniony na świecie i stanowi poważny problem w chowie i hodowli drobiu, głównie kur niosek. W warunkach ferm populacja pasożyta szybko narasta i jest trudna do zwalczenia. Inwazja D. gallinae u kury powoduje stan stresu chronicznego, niepokój, rozdrażnienie, wzrost kanibalizmu i liczby upadków (6–8%) oraz spadek nieśności (ok. 15–20%). Ze względu na możliwość transmisji wielu czynników chorobotwórczych może wpływać na szerzenie się zagrożeń epidemiologicznych wśród drobiu. Wykazano oporność D. gallinae na niekorzystne warunki środowiska oraz preparaty do jego zwalczania. Straty wywołane inwazją D. gallinae oraz koszty zwalczania w UE szacowane są na ok. 130 mln euro rocznie. Do zwalczania D. gallinae powszechnie stosowane są syntetyczne akarycydy, preparaty zawierające naturalną lub syntetyczną krzemionkę oraz metoda Thermo-Kill. Ze względu na pewne ograniczenia ciągle poszukuje się metod alternatywnych jak: substancje pochodzenia naturalnego (thuringiensyna, spinosad, ekstrakt z czosnku oraz drzewa neem, geraniol, eugenol i citral), a także szczepienia ochronne (subolesina i białko Bm86), jak również kontrolę biologiczną z wykorzystaniem naturalnych wrogów, czy wprowadzanie skróconego cyklu świetlnego. Wydaje się, że najlepsze rezultaty można osiągnąć stosując zasady IPM (Integrated Pest Management). Jednym z działań powinno być wspólne opracowanie przez specjalistów z wielu dziedzin konstrukcji kurników w celu utrudnienia zasiedlenia ich przez pasożyta i ułatwienie jego likwidacji.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Polish Journal of Natural Sciences
• Rocznik: 2015
• Tom: 30
• Numer: 4
• Opis fizyczny: p.451-463,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Koziatek S.

• Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland

autor

Sokol R.

• Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland

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