Muscle strength and power of elite female and male swimmers

• Autorzy: Busko K. , Gajewski J.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The aim of the study was to examine gender differences in the maximal power and height of rise of the body mass centre, measured in ACMJ (akimbo counter movement jump), BCMJ (bounce counter movement jump) and CMJ (counter movement jump) and maximal muscle torque in elite swimmers who have a similar training load during the season.Eight male and eight female elite swimmers competing at the international level took part in the study. The maximal power and height of rise of the body mass center were measured at ACMJ, BCMJ and CMJ jumps performed on a dynamometric platform. Maximal muscle torques of elbow, shoulder, knee, hip and trunk flexors and extensors were measured under static conditions on a special stand.Only differences in relative muscle torque of flexors of the left and the right hip, flexors and extensors of the right knee and flexors and extensors of the trunk, the sum of relative muscle torque of the trunk and relative maximal power output measured during BCMJ were not significant between the female and male competitors, while statistically significant differences were observed between the groups in all the remaining variables of physical performances.The results of the present study demonstrate that the male swimmers had much better performance than the female swimmers of comparable physical conditions, but when the results were calculated per body mass, gender differences in some the values were insignificant.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity. The Journal of Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport
• Rocznik: 2011
• Tom: 03
• Numer: 1
• Opis fizyczny: p.13-18,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Busko K.

• Department of Biomechanics, Institute of Sport, Warsaw, Poland
• Department of Anthropology, Josef Pilsudski University of Physical Education, Warsaw, Poland

autor

Gajewski J.

• Department of Statistics, Josef Pilsudski University of Physical Education, Warsaw, Poland

Bibliografia

• 1. Komi PV, Bosco C. Utilization of stored elastic energy in leg extensor muscles by men and woman. Med Sci Sports 1978;10(4):261-265.
• 2. Komi PV. Fundamental performance characteristics in females and males. Med Sci Sports 1981;14:102-108.
• 3. Hakkinen K. Force production characteristics of leg extensor, trunk flexor and extensor muscles in male and female basketball players. J Sport Med Phys Fit 1991;31(3):325-331.
• 4. Hudson JL, Owen MG. Performance of females with respect to males: the use of stored elastic energy. In: Winter D, Norman R, Wells R, Hayes K, Patla A, eds. Biomechanics IX-A. Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics Publishers; 1985, 50-54.
• 5. Komi PV, Karlsson J. Skeletal muscle fibre types, enzyme activities and physical performance in young males and females. Acta Physiol Scand 1978;103:210-218.
• 6. Miller AEJ, MacDougall JD, Tarnopolsky MA, Sale DG. Gender differences in strength and muscle fiber characteristics. Eur J Appl Physiol 1993;66:254-262.
• 7. Patterson C, Raschner C, Platzer HP. Power variables and bilateral force differences during unloaded and loaded squat jumps in high performance alpine ski racers. J Strength Cond Res 2009;23(3):779- 787.
• 8. Bosco C, Tsarpela O, Foti C, et al. Mechanical behaviour of leg extensor muscles in male and female sprinters. Biol Sport 2002;19:189-202.
• 9. Sienkiewicz-Dianzenza E, Tomaszewski T, Iwańska D, Stupnicki R. Anaerobic endurance of young untrained male and female subjects. Biomedical Human Kinetics 2009;1:16-19. DOI: 10.2478/v10101- 009-0005-y
• 10. Malina RM, Sławińska T, Ignasiak Z, et al. Sex differences in growth and performance of track and field athletes 11-15 years. J Hum Kinetics 2010;24:79-85.
• 11. Ogonowska A, Hubner-Woźniak E, Kosmol A, Gromisz W. Anaerobic capacity of upper extremity muscles of male and female swimmers. Biomedical Human Kinetics 2009;1:79-82. DOI: 10.2478/v10101-009-0020-z
• 12. Buśko K, Nowak A. Changes of maximal muscle torque and maximal power output of lower extremities in male judoists during training. Hum Movement 2008;9(2):111-115.
• 13. Buśko K. An attempt at the evaluation of the lower extremities power during a vertical jump on a dynamometric platform. Biol Sport 1988;5(3):219-225.
• 14. Trzaskoma Z, Trzaskoma Ł. Structure of maximal muscle strength of lower extremities in highly experienced athletes. Physical Education and Sport 2006;50:73-78.
• 15. Fidelus K, Skorupski L. Wielkość momentów sił mięśniowych w poszczególnych stawach u zawodników różnych dyscyplin sportowych [in Polish] [The levels of muscle torques in joints of athletes from various sports]. In: Sympozjum teorii techniki sportowej Warszawa 26-28.11.1968 [Symposium on the Theory of the Sports Technique]. Warszawa; 1970, 128-140.
• 16. Buśko K. Topografia momentów sił kobiet i mężczyzn [in Polish] [Topography of muscle torques in men and women]. Biol Sport 1997;14(Suppl. 7):32-36.
• 17. Nelson RC, Martin PE. Effects of gender and load on vertical jump performance. In: Winter D, Norman R, Wells R, Hayes K, Patla A, eds. Biomechanics IX-B. Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics Publishers; 1985, 429-433.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.2478/v10131-011-0001-9