Evolution of the pterosaur pelvis

• Autorzy: Hyder E.S. , Witton M. P. , Martill D. M.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Pterosaur pelvic girdles are complex structures that offer a wealth of phylogenetic and biomechanical information, but have been largely overlooked by pterosaur anatomists. Here, we review pterosaur pelvic morphology and find significant differences that correlate well with pterosaur clades identified in some phylogenetic analyses. We find that the length and orientation of the iliac processes, position of the acetabulum, extent of the ischiopubic plate and presence of supraneural fusion in adult individuals are taxonomically informative. Ontogenetic changes in pelvic morphology dictate that osteologically mature specimens are required to assess the development of many of these characteristics. We suggest that pelvic characters can readily be incorporated into pterosaur phylogenetic analyses and may assist in resolving the controversial interrelationships of this group. Distinctive pterosaur pelvic morphotypes suggest considerable differences in stance, locomotory kinematics and hindlimb functionality across the group.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
• Rocznik: 2014
• Tom: 59
• Numer: 1
• Opis fizyczny: p.109-124,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Hyder E.S.

• School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Building, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth, PO1 3QL, U.K.

autor

Witton M. P.

• School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Building, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth, PO1 3QL, U.K.

autor

Martill D. M.

• School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Building, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth, PO1 3QL, U.K.

Bibliografia

• Andres, B. 2007. Pterosaur systematics. In: D. Hone (ed.), Flugsaurier: The Wellnhofer Pterosaur Meeting, Munich. Abstract Volume, 7. Bavarian State Collection for Palaeontology, Munich.
• Andres, B. and Ji, Q. 2008. A new pterosaur from the Liaoning Province of China, the phylogeny of Pterodactyloidea, and convergence in their cervical vertebrae. Palaeontology 51: 453–469.
• Andres, B., Clark, J.M., and Xu, X. 2010. A new rhamphorhynchid pterosaur from the Upper Jurassic of Xinjiang, and the phylogenetic relationships of basal pterosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 30: 163–187.
• Averianov, A.O. 2004. New data on Cretaceous flying reptiles (Pterosauria) from Russia, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan. Paleontological Journal 38: 426–436.
• Barrett, P.M., Butler, R.J., Edwards, N.P., and Milner, A.R. 2008. Pterosaur distribution in time and space: an atlas. Zitteliana B 28: 61–107.
• Bennett, S.C. 1990. A pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Santana Formation of Brazil: implications for terrestrial locomotion. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 10: 80–85.
• Bennett S.C. 1992, Sexual dimorphism of Pteranodon and other pterosaurs, with comments on cranial crests. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 12: 422–434.
• Bennett, S.C. 1993. The ontogeny of Pteranodon and other pterosaurs. Paleobiology 19: 92–106.
• Bennett, S.C. 1995. A statistical study of Rhamphorhynchus from the Solnhofen Limestone of Germany: Year-classes of a single large species. Journal of Paleontology 69: 569–580.
• Bennett, S.C. 1996. Year-classes of pterosaurs from the Solnhofen Limestone of Germany: Taxonomic and systematic implications. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 16: 432–444.
• Bennett, S.C. 1997. The arboreal leaping theory of the origin of pterosaur flight. Historical Biology 12: 265–290.
• Bennett, S.C. 2001. The osteology and functional morphology of the Late Cretaceous pterosaur Pteranodon. Palaeontographica A 260: 1–153.
• Bennett, S.C. 2003. New crested specimens of the Late Cretaceous pterosaur Nyctosaurus. Palaontologische Zeitschrift 77: 61–75.
• Bennett, S.C. 2007. A second specimen of the pterosaur Anurognathus ammoni. Palaontologische Zeitschrift 81: 376–398.
• Benton, M.J. 1999. Scleromochlus taylori and the origin of dinosaurs and pterosaurs. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London B 354: 1423–1446.
• Bramwell, C.D. and Whitfield, G.R. 1974. Biomechanics of Pteranodon. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 267: 503–581.
• Butler, R.J., Brusatte, S.L., Andres, B., and Benson, R.B.J. 2011. How do geological sampling biases affect studies of morphological evolution in deep time? a case study of pterosaur (Reptilia: Archosauria) disparity. Evolution 66: 147–162.
• Cai, W. and Wei, F. 1994. Zhejiangopterus linhaiensis (Pterosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous of Linhai, Zhejiang, China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 32: 181–194.
• Chatterjee, S. and Templin, R.J. 2004. Posture, locomotion and palaeoecology of pterosaurs. Geological Society of America Special Publication 376: 1–64.
• Clark, J.M., Hopson, J.A., Hernández, R., Fatsovsky, D.E., and Montellano, M. 1998. Foot posture in a primitive pterosaur. Nature 391: 886–889.
• Codorniú, L. and Chiappe, M. 2004. Early pterosaurs (Pterodactyloidea: Pterodaustro guinazui) from the Lower Cretaceous of central Argentina. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 41: 9–18.
• Codorniú, L., Gasparini, Z., and Paulina-Carabajal, A. 2006. A late Jurassic pterosaur (Reptilia, Pterodactyloidea) from northwestern Patagonia, Argentina. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 20: 383–389.
• Coombs, W.P. 1978. Theoretical aspects of cursorial adaptations in dinosaurs. Quarterly Review of Biology 53: 393–418.
• Dalla Vechia, F.M. 2002. Observations on the non-pterodactyloid pterosaur Jeholopterus ningchengensis from the Early Cretaceous of northeastern China. Natura Nascosta 24: 8–27.
• Dalla Vecchia, F.M. 2003. A review of the Triassic pterosaur fossil record. Rivista del Museo Civico di Scienze Naturali “E. Caffi” Bergamo 22: 13–29.
• Dalla Vecchia, F.M. 2009. Anatomy and systematics of the pterosaur Carniadactylus gen. n. rosenfieldi (Dalla Vecchia, 1995). Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 115: 159–188.
• Dong, D. 1982. A new pterosaur (Huanhepterus quingyangensis gen. et. sp. nov.) from Ordos, China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 20: 115–121.
• Eaton, G.F. 1910. Osteology of Pteranodon. Memoirs of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences 2: 1–38.
• Eck, K., Elgin, R.A., and Frey, E. 2011. On the osteology of Tapejara wellnhoferi Kellner 1989 and the first occurrence of a multiple specimen assemblage from the Santana Formation, Araripe Basin, NE-Brazil. Swiss Journal of Palaeontology 130: 277–296.
• Fabre, J.A. 1976. Un nouveau Pterodactylidae du Gisement de Canjuers (Var) Gallodactylus canjuersensis nov. gen., nov. sp. Annales de Paleontologie (Vertébrés) 62: 35–70.
• Fastnacht, M. 2005. The first dsungaripterid pterosaur from the Kimmeridgian of Germany and the biomechanics of pterosaur long bones. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50: 273–288.
• Fechner, R. 2009. Morphofunctional Evolution of the Pelvic Girdle and Hindlimb of Dinosauromorpha on the Lineage to Sauropoda. 197 pp. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Fakultät für Geowissenschaften, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich.
• Frey, E. and Martill, D.M. 1994. A new pterosaur from the Crato Formation (Lower Cretaceous, Aptian) of Brazil. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlugen 194: 421–441.
• Frey, E., Tischlinger, H., Buchy, M.-C., and Martill, D.M. 2003. New specimens of pterosauria (Reptilia) with soft parts with implications for pterosaurian anatomy and locomotion. In: E. Buffetaut and J.M. Mazin (eds.), Evolution and Palaeobiology of Pterosaurs. Geological Society Special Publication 217: 233–266.
• Frey, E., Buchy, M.-C., Stinnesbeck, W., Gonzalez, A., and di Stefano, A. 2006. Muzquizopteryx coahuilensis n. g., n. sp., a nyctosaurid pterosaur with soft tissue preservation from the Coniacian (Late Cretaceous) of northeast Mexico (Coahuila). Oryctos 6: 19–30.
• Habib, M.B. 2008. Comparative evidence for quadrupedal launch in pterosaurs. Zitteliana B 28: 161–168.
• Hildebrand, M. 1995. Analysis of Vertebrate Ctructure, Fourth Edition. 657 pp. John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York.
• Hogg, D.A. 1982. Fusions occurring in the postcranial skeleton of the domestic fowl. Journal of Anatomy 135: 501–512.
• Ji, S. and Ji, Q. 1998. A new species of pterosaur from Liaoning, Dendrorhynchus curvidentatus, gen. et sp. nov. Jiangsu Geology 22: 199–206.
• Kellner, A.W.A. 2003. Pterosaur phylogeny and comments on the evolutionary history of the group. In: E. Buffetaut and J.-M. Mazin (eds.), Evolution and Palaeobiology of Pterosaurs. Geological Society Special Publication 217: 105–137.
• Kellner, A.W.A. 2004. New information on the Tapejaridae (Pterosauria, Pterodactyloidea) and discussion of the relationships of this clade. Ameghiniana 41: 521–534
• Kellner, A.W.A. and Hasegawa, Y. 1993. Postcranial skeleton of Tupuxuara (Pterosauria, Pterodactyloidea, Tapejaridae) from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 13: 44A.
• Kellner, A.W.A. and Tomida, Y. 2000. Description of a new species of Anhangueridae (Pterodactyloidea) with comments on the pterosaur fauna from the Santana Formation (Aptian–Albian), Northeastern Brazil. National Science Museum Monographs 17: 1–135.
• Lü, J. 2009. A new non-pteropdactyloid pterosaur from Quinglong County, Hebei Province, China. Acta Geologica Sinica 83: 189–199.
• Lü, J. and Fucha, X. 2011. A new pterosaur (Pterosauria) from the middle Jurassic Tiaojishan Formation of western Liaoning, China. Global Geology 13: 113–118.
• Lü, J. and Yuan, C. 2005. New tapejarid pterosaur from Western Liaoning, China. Acta Geologica Sinica 79: 453–458.
• Lü, J., Gao, C. Meng, Q., Liu, J., and Ji, Q. 2006a. On the systematic position of Eosipterus yangi Ji et Ji. 1997 among pterodactyloids. Acta Geologica Sinica 80: 643–646.
• Lü, J., Jin, X., Unwin, D.M., Zhao, L., Azuma, Y., and Ji, Q. 2006c. A new species of Huaxiapterus (Pterosauria: Pterodactyloidea) from the Lower Cretaceous of Western Liaoning, China with comments on the systematics of tapejarid pterosaurs. Acta Geologica Sinica 80: 315–326.
• Lü, J., Liu, J., Wang, X., Gao, C., Meng, Q., and Ji, Q. 2006b. New material of pterosaur Sinopterus (Reptilia: Pterosauria) from the Early Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation, Western Liaoning, China. Acta Geologica Sinica 80: 783–789.
• Lü, J., Unwin, D.M., Deeming, D.C., Jin, X., Liu, Y., and Ji, Q. 2011. An egg-adult association, gender, and reproduction in pterosaurs. Science 331: 321–324.
• Lü, J., Unwin, D.M., Jin, X., Liu, Y., and Ji, Q. 2010. Evidence for modular evolution in a long-tailed pterosaur with a pterodactyloid skull. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 277: 383–389.
• Lü, J., Unwin, D.M., Xu, L., and Zhang, X. 2008. A new azhdarchoid pterosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of China and its implications for pterosaur phylogeny and evolution. Naturwissenschaften 95: 891–897.
• Mazin, J.-M., Billon-Bruyat, J., Hantzepergue, P., and Lafaurie, G. 2003. Ichnological evidence for quadrupedal locomotion in pterodactyloid pterosaurs: trackways from the late Jurassic of Crayssac. In: E. Buffetaut and J.-M. Mazin (eds.), Evolution and Palaeobiology of Pterosaurs. Geological Society Special Publication 217: 283–296.
• Molnar, R.E. 1987. A pterosaur pelvis from western Queensland, Australia. Alcheringa 11: 87–94.
• Padian, K. 1983a. A functional analysis of flying and walking in pterosaurs. Palaeobiology 9: 218–239.
• Padian, K. 1983b. Osteology and functional morphology of Dimorphodon macronyx (Buckland) (Pterosauria: Rhamphorhynchoidea) based on new material in the Yale Peabody Museum. Postilla 189: 1–44.
• Padian, K. 2008. The Early Jurassic pterosaur Dorygnathus banthensis (Theodori, 1830). Special Papers in Palaeontology 80: 1–64.
• Persons, W.S., IV. 2010. Convergent evolution of prezygapophysis/chevron rods in the tails of pterosaurs and dromaeosaurs and the parallel pattern of caudal muscle reduction in pterosaurs and birds. Acta Geoscientica Sinica 31: 54.
• Riskin, D.K. and Hermanson, J.W. 2005. Independent evolution of running in vampire bats. Nature 434: 292.
• Sayão, J.M. and Kellner, A.W.A. 2006. Nova esqueleto parcial de pterosasauro (Pterodactyloidea, Tapejaridae) do Membro Crato (Aptiano), Formação Santana, Bacia do Araripe, Nordeste do Brasil. Estudos Geológicos 16: 16–40.
• Sereno, P.C. and Arcucci, A.B. 1994. Dinosaurian precursors from the Middle Triassic of Argentina: Marasuchus lilloensis, gen. nov. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 14: 53–73.
• Unwin, D.M. 1988. New remains of the pterosaur Dimorphodon (Pterosauria: Rhamphorhynchoidea) and the terrestrial ability of early pterosaurs. Modern Geology 13: 57–68.
• Unwin, D.M. 1996. The fossil record of middle Jurassic pterosaurs. In: M. Morales (ed.), The Continental Jurassic. Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin 60: 291–304.
• Unwin, D.M. 1997. Pterosaur tracks and the terrestrial ability of pterosaurs. Lethaia 29: 373–386.
• Unwin, D.M. 2003. On the phylogeny and evolutionary history of pterosaurs. In: E. Buffetaut and J.-M. Mazin (eds.), Evolution and Palaeobiology of Pterosaurs. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 217: 139–190.
• Unwin, D.M. 2005. The Pterosaurs from Deep Time. 347 pp. Pi Press, New York.
• Unwin, D.M. and Lü, J. 2010. Darwinopterus and its implications for pterosaur phylogeny. Acta Geoscientica Sinica 31: 68–69.
• Veldmeijer, A.J. 2003. Description of Coloborhynchus spielbergi sp. nov. (Pterodactyloidea) from the Albian (Lower Cretaceous) of Brazil. Scripta Geologica 125: 35–139.
• Wang, X., Kellner, A.W.A., Zhou, Z., and Campos, D.A. 2008. Discovery of a rare arboreal forest-dwelling flying reptile (Pterosauria, Pterodactyloidiea) from China. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 105: 1983–1987.
• Wang, X., Kellner, A.W.A., Jiang, S., and Meng, X. 2009. An unusual long-tailed pterosaur with elongated neck from western Liaoning of China. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 81: 793–812.
• Wang, X., Kellner, A.W.A., Jiang, S., Cheng, X., Meng, X., and Rodrigues, T. 2010. New long-tailed pterosaurs (Wukongopteridae) from western Liaoning, China. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 82: 1045–1062.
• Wellnhofer, P. 1970. Die Pterodactyloidea (Pterosauria) der Oberjura-Plattenkalke Süddeutschlands, Abhandlung der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Neue Folge 141: 1–133.
• Wellnhofer, P. 1974. Campylognathoides liasicus (Quenstedt), an upper Liassic pterosaur from Holzmaden—the Pittsburgh specimen. Annals of the Carnegie Museum 45: 5–34.
• Wellnhofer, P. 1975. Die Rhamphorhynchoidea (Pterosauria) der Oberjura-Plattenkalke Süddeutschlands. Palaeontographica A 148: 1–33, 132–186, 149.
• Wellnhofer, P. 1978. Handbuch der Palaoherpetologie. 19. Pterosauria. 82 pp. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart.
• Wellnhofer, P. 1988. Terrestrial locomotion in pterosaurs. Historical Biology 1: 3–16.
• Wellnhofer, P. 1991a. The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Pterosaurs. 192 pp. Salamander Books Ltd., London.
• Wellnhofer, P. 1991b. Weitere Pterosaurierfunde aus der Santana-Formation (Apt) der Chapada do Araripe, Brasilien. Palaeontographica A 215: 43–101.
• Wellnhofer, P. 2003. A Late Triassic pterosaur from the Northern Calcarous Alps (Tyrol, Austria). In: E. Buffetaut and J.M. Mazin (eds.) 2003. Evolution and Palaeobiology of Pterosaurs. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 217: 5–22.
• Wellnhofer, P. and Vahldiek, B.-W. 1986. Ein Flugsaurier-Rest aus dem Posidonienschiefer (Unter-Toarcium) von Schandelah bei Braunschweig. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 60: 329–340.
• Wild, R. 1975. Ein Flugsaurier-Rest aus dem Lias Epsilon (Toarcium) von Erzingen (Schwäbischer Jura). Stuttgarter Beitrage Naturkunde B 17: 1–16.
• Wild, R. 1978. Die Flugsaurier (Reptilia, Pterosauria) aus der Oberen Trias von Cene bei Bergamo, Italien. Bolletino Società Paleontologica Italiana 17: 176–256.
• Wild, R. 1984. A new pterosaur (Reptilia, Pterosauria) from the Upper Triassic (Norian) of Friuli, Italy. Gortania-Atti Museo Friulano del Storia Naturale 5: 45–62.
• Wild, R. 1993. A juvenile specimen of Eudimorphodon ranzii Zambelli (Reptilia, Pterosauria) from the upper Triassic (Norian) of Bergamo. Rivista del Museo civico di Scienze Naturali di Bergamo “E. Caffi” 16: 91–115.
• Williston, S.W. 1897. Restoration of Ornithostoma (Pteranodon). Kansas University Quarterly 6: 35–51.
• Williston, S.W. 1903. On the osteology of Nyctosarus (Nyctodactylus). Field Columbian Museum Publications, Geological Series 2: 125–163.
• Wilkinson, M.T. 2008. Three-dimensional geometry of a pterosaur wing skeleton, and its implications for aerial and terrestrial locomotion. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 154: 27–69.
• Witton, M.P. 2008. A new approach to determining pterosaur body mass and its implications for pterosaur flight. Zitteliana B 28: 143–159.
• Witton, M.P. and Habib, M. 2010. On the size and flight diversity of giant pterosaurs, the use of birds as pterosaur analogues and comments on pterosaur flightlessness. PLoS One 5: e13982.
• Witton, M.P. and Naish, D. 2008. A reappraisal of azhdarchid pterosaur functional morphology and paleoecology. PLoS One 3 (5): e2271.
• Young, C.C. 1964. On a new pterosaurian from Sinkiang, China. Vertebrate PalAsiatica 8: 221–225.