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2013 | 22 | 1 |

Tytuł artykułu

Using treated geothermal water to replenish network water losses in a district heating system

Warianty tytułu

Języki publikacji

EN

Abstrakty

EN
This paper examines the use of geothermal water to replenish network water losses in the largest Polish geothermal heating system. The geothermal installation capacity (under artesian conditions) is 670 m³/h. The total power of the geothermal water source is 15.4 MW, and it is assisted by peak load boilers. The total capacity of the heating plant is 80.5 MW, and energy output amounts to 324 TJ/year. The system serves ca. 1,500 customers and includes ca. 95 km of district heating distribution network (Fig. 2). Distribution network water losses amount to ca. 6,600 m³/year. The water used to replenish the losses is currently treated using ion exchange water softeners and vacuum degasifiers. It is suggested that the missing water be replaced with treated geothermal water; following treatment, this water must meet the requirements set forth in the water quality standards for heating systems (PN-85/C-04601 – Table 1). The treatment uses membrane processes within the framework of a double hybrid arrangement, including ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis. Artesian pressure is used to a certain extent during treatment, which makes it possible to reduce the power required for the distribution pump, decreasing electrical power consumption. Thus, the requirements set forth in the standards have been met and the treated geothermal water can be used to replenish network water losses in the district heating system following pH adjustment and degassing.

Słowa kluczowe

Wydawca

-

Rocznik

Tom

22

Numer

1

Opis fizyczny

p.249-256,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

  • Department of Renewable Energy and Environmental Research, Division of Renewable Energy, Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wybickiego 7, 31-261 Kraków, Poland
autor
  • Department of Renewable Energy and Environmental Research, Division of Renewable Energy, Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wybickiego 7, 31-261 Kraków, Poland

Bibliografia

  • 1. TOMASZEWSKA B., PAJĄK L. Dynamics of clogging processes in injection wells used to pump highly mineralized thermal waters into the sandstone structures lying under the Polish Lowland. Archives Of Environmental Protection 38, (3), 103, 2012.
  • 2. BUJAKOWSKI W. A review of Polish experiences in the use of geothermal water. Proceedings World Geothermal Congress Antalya, Turkey 2005.
  • 3. BUJAKOWSKI W. The use of geothermal waters in Poland (state in 2009). Przegląd Geologiczny - Polish Geological Review 58, (7), 580, 2010 [In Polish].
  • 4. KĘPINSKA B. Current geothermal activities and prospects in Poland - an overview. Geothermics 32, 297, 2003.
  • 5. KĘPINSKA B. Geothermal energy country update report from Poland. Proceedings World Geothermal Congress Bali, Indonesia 2010.
  • 6. LUND J. W. Development of direct-use projects. GHC Bulletin 29, (2), 1, 2010.
  • 7. LUND J. W., FREESTON D. H., BOYD T. L. World-wide direct uses of geothermal energy 2005. Proceedings World Geothermal Congress Antalya, Turkey, 2005.
  • 8. LUND J. W., FREESTON D. H. World-wide direct uses of geothermal energy 2000. Geothermics 30, 29, 2001.
  • 9. LUND J. W., FREESTON D. H., BOYD T. L. Direct utilization of geothermal energy 2010 worldwide review. Proceedings World Geothermal Congress Bali, Indonesia 2010.
  • 10. KĘPIŃSKA B., TOMASZEWSKA B. Main barriers for geothermal energy development in Poland. Proposals of changes. Przegląd Geologiczny 58, (7), 594, 2010 [In Polish]
  • 11. MATHIOULAKIS E., BELESSIOTIS V., DELYANNIS E. Desalination by using alternative energy: Review and state-of-the-art. Desalination 203, 346, 2007.
  • 12. BUJAKOWSKI W., TOMASZEWSKA B., KĘPINSKA B., BALCER M. Geothermal Water Desalination – Preliminary Studies . GHC Bulletin 29, (2), 16, 2010.
  • 13. TOMASZEWSKA B. The use of ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis in the desalination of low mineralized geothermal waters. Archives Of Environmental Protection 37, 3, 63, 2011.
  • 14. TOMASZEWSKA B., BODZEK M. Desalination of geothermal waters using a hybrid UF-RO process. Part I: Boron. removal in pilot-scale tests doi:10.1016/j.desal.2012.05.029, 2012 [In Press].
  • 15. BUJAKOWSKI W., BARBACKI A. Potential for geothermal development in Southern Poland. Geothermics 33, 383, 2004.
  • 16. BUJAKOWSKI W., BARBACKI A., PAJĄK L. Atlas of geothermal water reservoirs in Małopolska. PAS MEERI Publishers, Krakow, Poland, 2006 [In Polish].
  • 17. DLUGOSZ P. Podhale (South Poland) geothermal district heating system. Geothermics 32, 527, 2003.
  • 18. BODZEK M., KONIECZNY K. Application of membrane processes in water treatment. Oficyna Wydawnicza Projprzem-EKO, Bydgoszcz, 2005 [In Polish].
  • 19. KOWAL L. A., ŚWIDERSKA-BRÓZ M. Water treatment. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN – Scientific Publishing PWN, Warszawa – Warsaw 2005 [In Polish]
  • 20. PN-85/C-04601 Water for Power Engineering Purposes. Water Quality Requirements and Tests for Water Boilers and Closed Heating Circuits [In Polish].
  • 21. TOMASZEWSKA B. Conception of geothermal water desalination in the context of improvement water balance. Part II – the results of preliminary study. Biul. PIG 445 693, 2011.
  • 22. BODZEK M. Membrane techniques in water treatment and renovation, in: F.A. Goosen, W.H. Shayya (Eds.), Water Management, Purification and Conservation in Arid Climates. Vol 2: Water purification. Technomic Publishing Co., Lancaster-Basel pp. 45-100, 1999.
  • 23. KONIECZNY K., BODZEK M., KOPEĆ A., SZCZEPANEK A. Coagulation – Submerged Membrane System for NOM Removal from Water. Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 16, (4), 563, 2007.
  • 24. HOBLER T. Heat transfer and heat exchangers. Wydawnictwa Naukowo-Techniczne Warszawa 1979.
  • 25. Veolia Water Systems & Technologies, Container pilot installations for geothermal water desalination – Technical Documentation, MEERI PAS 2010.
  • 26. BUJAKOWSKI W., TOMASZEWSKA B., BODZEK M. Geothermal water treatment – preliminary experiences from Poland with a global overview of membrane and hybrid desalination technologies, [In:] J. Hoinkis, J. Bundschuh (Eds.), Renewable Energy Applications for Freshwater Production (Sustainable Energy Developments), Taylor & Francis Ltd. CRC Press London, United Kingdom, pp. 181-206, 2012.

Typ dokumentu

Bibliografia

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