Influence of cadmium dose and form on the yield of oat (Avena sativa L.) and the metal distribution in the plant

• Autorzy: Tuma J. , Skalicky M. , Tumova L. , Flidr J.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Wpływ dawki i formy kadmu na plon i dystrybucję metalu w owsie (Avena sativa L.)

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The influence of two levels of artificial Cd soil contamination (2 and 20 mg Cd kg-1 of soil) on the weight of oat plants, chlorophyll content in leaves, rate of photosynthesis, stomatal conductivity and transpiration rate was researched in a pot experiments with Avena sativa L. Another objective was to detect the effect of cadmium contamination of soil on the content of cadmium in the dry mass of oat panicles, stems, upper green and bottom yellow leaves and roots. The soil contamination was applied in the forms of nitrate Cd(NO3)2, chloride CdCl2 and sulphate CdSO4 2-. High correlation was found between the measured levels of photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductivity and transpiration rates, but no correlation occurred between these levels and the cadmium content in leaves. In the variants with Cd contamination, insignificantly higher levels of photosynthesis rates were observed in the measurements than in the zero variant. A 10-fold higher Cd application dose significantly manifested itself by a higher content of Cd in all the analyzed parts of plants, including generative organs. A several-fold higher Cd level was found in the roots than in other parts of the plant, whereas the lowest Cd content was observed in panicles. However, the results obtained by measuring the cadmium content in stems and green leaves were not significant. In most treatments, a notably higher Cd content was determined in bottom yellow leaves than in upper green leaves. This indicates Cd accumulation in senescent tissues and its difficult reutilization. The highest variance was discovered in treatments with the accompanying SO4 2- anion. While estimating the effect of accompanying anions on the Cd content, significant differences were observed only under the higher level of Cd contamination. The increase in the Cd content in bottom yellow leaves after CdSO4 application was significant when compared with the treatment in which Cd(NO3)2 was applied and insignificant versus the variant with CdCl2. On the other hand, a higher and more significant content of Cd in phtosynthetically active green leaves was measured in the treatment with CdCl2 than with Cd(NO3)2.

PL

W eksperymentach z Avena sativa L. zbadano wpływ 2 poziomów sztucznego zanieczyszczenia gleby Cd (2 i 20 mg Cd kg-1 gleby) w postaci Cd(NO3)2, CdCl2 i CdSO4 2- na masę roślin owsa, zawartość chlorofilu w liściach, tempo fotosyntezy, przewodność szparkową i szybkość parowania, a także na zawartość kadmu w suchej masie wiechy, łodyg, górnych i dolnych zielonych i żółtych liści oraz korzeni. Wysoki poziom korelacji stwierdzono między mierzonymi poziomami intensywności fotosyntezy, przewodności szparkowej i szybkości transpiracji, nie wykazano jednak korelacji między tymi poziomami i zawartością kadmu w liściach. W wariantach z zanieczyszczeniem Cd zaobserwowano nieznacznie wyższy poziom fotosyntezy w pomiarach w porównaniu z wariantem zerowym. W przypadku 10-krotnie większej intensywności stosowania kadmu wykazano istotnie większą zawartość Cd we wszystkich monitorowanych częściach roślin, w tym w organach generatywnych. Kilkakrotnie wyższy poziom Cd niż w innych częściach rośliny stwierdzono w korzeniach, a najmniejszy w wiechach, jednak dane uzyskane podczas pomiaru zawartości kadmu w łodygach i zielonych liściach nie były znaczące. W porównaniu z górnymi liśćmi, zauważalnie większą zawartość Cd w większości poddanych eksperymentowi roślin stwierdzono w dolnych żółtych liściach. Wskazuje to na akumulację Cd w starzejących się tkankach i trudności z jego przetworzeniem. Największą różnicę wykazano w próbkach z anionem towarzyszącym SO4 2-. Podczas ewaluacji wpływu anionów towarzyszących na zawartość Cd istotne różnice wystąpiły jedynie w przypadku wyższego poziomu zanieczyszczenia Cd. Znaczący wzrost zawartości Cd po zastosowaniu CdSO4 zaobserwowano w dolnych żółtych liściach, w porównaniu z próbkami, w których zastosowano Cd(NO3)2 natomiast nieznaczny – w porównaniu z próbkami, w których użyto CdCl2. Zdecydowanie największą zawartość Cd w zielonych liściach o aktywnej fotosyntezie stwierdzono w roślinach poddanych działaniu CdCl2 w porównaniu z tymi, w przypadku których użyto Cd(NO3)2.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

cadmium dose; cadmium form; yield; oat; Avena sativa; metal distribution; plant; photosynthesis rate; translocation; interaction

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Journal of Elementology
• Rocznik: 2014
• Tom: 19
• Numer: 3
• Opis fizyczny: p.795-809,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Tuma J.

• Department of Biology, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic

autor

Skalicky M.

• Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic

autor

Tumova L.

• Faculty of Pharmacy, Hradec Kralove Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic

autor

Flidr J.

• Department of Biology, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic

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Identyfikatory

DOI

10.5601/jelem.2014.19.3.448