PL EN


Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników
2010 | 60 | 3 |

Tytuł artykułu

The benefits and potential health hazards posed by the prebiotic inulin - a review

Treść / Zawartość

Warianty tytułu

Języki publikacji

EN

Abstrakty

EN
The prebiotic inulin is a non-digestible carbohydrate which occurs naturally throughout the normal human diet. Following passage through the gastro-intestinal tract inulin ultimately becomes metabolised to fructose by colonic bacteria, especially the beneficial species, whose growth are also promoted at the expense of the harmful types. There has been much recent attention by industry and the general public in the EU concerning inulin and prebiotics, especially in the marketing of their derived/supplemented products that includes the Central & East European region, (CEE) [Halliday, 2008]. Major benefits to human health have been reported variously worldwide and chiefly consist of maintaining healthy microbial gut homeostasis, reducing gut inflammation and infection, preventing colonic cancer, increasing mineral reabsorption, decreasing cholesterol, improving bowel habits, being of use in diabetic treatments and enhancing immune function. Inulin can thus be of great potential benefit to public health not just through these physiological effects but also in helping to reduce weight by replacing fat and digestible carbohydrate in food products. It is also important however to recognise the likely hazards of inulin arising mainly from fructose intolerance and rare cases of allergy. In addition under certain medical conditions it is possible that the growth of other harmful gut bacterial species may become stimulated with a potential but as yet unproven link to autoimmune disease. This article aims to review and discuss the scientific evidence as well as addressing general concerns raised by consumers and the general public alike. Recommendations based on current knowledge are suggested at the end.

Słowa kluczowe

Wydawca

-

Rocznik

Tom

60

Numer

3

Opis fizyczny

p.201-211,ref.

Twórcy

autor
  • Chief Sanitary Inspectorate, Dluga 38/40, 00-238 Warsaw, Poland
autor
autor

Bibliografia

  • 1. Ahmadi K., Wilson C., Tiwana H., Binder A., Ebringer A., Antibodies to Klebsiella pneumoniae lipopolysaccharide in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Rheumatology, 1998, 37, 1330–1333.
  • 2. Amor B., Toubert A., Can the Klebsiella story in ankylosing spondylitis be laid to rest? 1997, in: Controversies in Rheumatology, (eds. Isenberg D.A., Tucker L.B.). Martin Dunitz, Distributed by Mosby St Louis, Chapter 10, pp. 97–104.
  • 3. Anderson A.D.G., McNaught C.E., Jain P.K, MacFie J., Randomised clinical trial of synbiotic therapy in elective surgical patients. Gut, 2004, 53, 241–245.
  • 4. Appelboom T., Durez P., Effect of milk product deprivation on spondyloarthropathy. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 1994, 53, 481–482.
  • 5. Ardicoglu O., Atay M.B., Ataoglu H., Etiz N., Ozenci H., Ig A antibodies to klebsiella in ankylosing spondylitis. Clin. Rheumatol., 1996, 15, 573–576.
  • 6. Arslanoglu S., Moro G.E., Schmitt J., Tandoi L., Rizzardi S., Boehm G., Early dietary intervention with a mixture of prebiotic oligosaccharides reduces the incidence of allergic manifestations and infections during the first two years of life. J. Nutr., 2008, 138, 1091–1095.
  • 7. Ascherio A., Munger K.L., Environmental risk factors for multiple sclerosis. Part II: Noninfectious factors. Ann Neurol., 2007, 61, 504–513.
  • 8. Bacchetta J., Villard F., Vial T., Dubourg L., Bouvier R., Kassai B., Cochat P., ‘Renal hypersensitivity’ to inulin and IgA nephropathy. Pediatr. Nephrol., 2008, 23, 1883–1885.
  • 9. Bartosch S., Woodmansey E.J., Paterson J.C., McMurdo M.E., Macfarlane G.T., Microbiological effects of consuming a synbiotic containing Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium lactis, and oligofructose in elderly persons, determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and counting of viable bacteria. Clin. Infect. Dis., 2005, 40, 28–37.
  • 10. Bengmark S., Colonic food: pre- and probiotics. Am. J. Gastroenterol., 2000, 95, S5–7.
  • 11. Bengmark S., Martindale R., Prebiotics and synbiotics in clinical medicine. Nutr. Clin. Pract., 2005, 20, 244–261.
  • 12. Berlin T., Zandman-Goddard G., Blank M., Matthias T., Pfeiffer S., Weis I., Toubi E., Singh S., Asherson R., Fraser A., Gilburd B., Sapir T., Levy Y., Lukac J., Rozman B., Kveder K., Shoenfeld Y., Autoantibodies in nonautoimmune individuals during infections. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 2007, 1108, 584–593.
  • 13. Boehm G., Lidestri M., Casetta P., Jelinek J., Negretti F., Stahl B., Marini A., Supplementation of a bovine milk formula with an oligosaccharide mixture increases counts of faecal bifidobacteria in preterm infants. Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed., 2002, 86, F178-F181.
  • 14. Born P., Carbohydrate malabsorption in patients with non-specific abdominal complaints. World J. Gastroenterol., 2007, 13, 5687–5691.
  • 15. Bouhnik Y., Vahedi K., Achour L., Attar A., Salfati J., Pochart P., Marteau P., Flourié B., Bornet F., Rambaud J.C., Short-chain fructo- oligosaccharide administration dose-dependently increases fecal Bifidobacteria in healthy humans. J. Nutr., 1999, 129, 113–116.
  • 16. Briet F., Achour L., Flourie B., Beaugerie L., Pellier P., Franchisseur C., Bornet F., Rambaud J.C., Symptomatic response to varying levels of fructo-oligosaccharides consumed occasionally or regularly. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 1995, 49, 501–507.
  • 17. British Nutrition Foundation 2007 at [http://www.nutrition.org. uk/home.asp?siteId=43&sectionId=1495&subSectionId=1479 &parentSection=304&which=4#2003].
  • 18. Brown M.A., Breakthroughs in genetic studies of ankylosing spondylitis. Rheumatology, 2008, 47, 132–137.
  • 19. Bruhwyler J., Carreer F., Demanet E., Jacobs H., Digestive tolerance of inulin-type fructans: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over, dose-ranging, randomized study in healthy volunteers. Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr., 2008, 59, 1–11.
  • 20. Cameron F.H., Russell P.J., Easter J.F., Wakefield D., March L., Failure of Klebsiella pneumoniae antibodies to cross-react with peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Rheum., 1987, 30, 300–305.
  • 21. Carabin I.G., Flamm W.G., Evaluation of safety of inulin and oligofructose as dietary fiber. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol., 1999, 30, 268–282.
  • 22. Casiraghi M.C., Canzi E., Zanchi R., Donati E, Villa L., Effects of a synbiotic milk product on human intestinal ecosystem. J. Appl. Microbiol., 2007, 103, 499–506.
  • 23. Cherbut C., Inulin and oligofructose in the dietary fibre concept. Br. J. Nutr., 2002, 87, S159–162.
  • 24. Chourasia M.K., Jain S.K., Polysaccharides for colon targeted drug delivery. Drug Deliv., 2004, 11, 129–48.
  • 25. Clegg. D.O., Treatment of ankylosing spondylitis. J. Rheumatol., 2006, 78, 24–31.
  • 26. Clevenger M.A., Turnbull D., Inoue H., Enomoto M., Allen J.A., Henderson L.M., Jones E., Toxicological evaluation of neosugar: genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, and chronic toxicity. Int. J. Toxicol., 1988, 7, 643–662.
  • 27. Cooper R., Fraser S.M., Sturrock R.D., Gemmell C.G., Raised titres of anti-klebsiella IgA in ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Br. Med. J. (Clin. Res. Ed.), 1988, 296, 1432–1434.
  • 28. Coussement P.A.A., Inulin and oligofructose: Safe intakes and legal status J. Nutr., 1999, 129, 1412–1417.
  • 29. Crittenden R.G., Morris L.F., Harvey M.L., Tran L.T., Mitchell H.L., Playne M.J., Selection of a Bifidobacterium strain to complement resistant starch in a synbiotic yoghurt. J. Appl. Microbiol., 2001, 90, 268–278.
  • 30. Crow, ©2001 The Healing Crow, Inc. [http://www.healingcrow. com/ferfun/conspiracy/conspiracy.html].
  • 31. Davidson M.H., Maki K.C., Effects of dietary inulin on serum lipids. J. Nutr., 1999, 129, 1474S-1477S.
  • 32. Donovan P., Monday, December 10, 2007 at [http://www.naturalnews. com/022356.html].
  • 33. Ebringer R., Cawdell D.R., Cowling P., Ebringer A., Klebsiella pneumoniae. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 1978, 37, 577.
  • 34. Ebringer A., The relationship between Klebsiella infection and ankylosing spondylitis. Baillieres Clin. Rheumatol., 1989, 3, 321–– 338.
  • 35. Ebringer A., Ankylosing spondylitis is caused by Klebsiella. Evidence from immunogenetic, microbiologic, and serologic studies. Rheum. Dis. Clin. North Am., 1992, 18, 105–121.
  • 36. Ebringer A., Wilson C., The use of a low starch diet in the treatment of patients suffering from ankylosing spondylitis. Clin. Rheumatol., 1996, 15, 62–66.
  • 37. Ebringer A., Rashid T., B27 disease is a new autoimmune disease that affects millions of people. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 2007a, 1110, 112–120.
  • 38. Ebringer A., Rashid T., Tiwana H., Wilson C., A possible link between Crohn’s disease and ankylosing spondylitis via Klebsiella infections. Clin. Rheumatol., 2007b, 26, 289–297.
  • 39. Eckburg P.B., Bik E.M., Bernstein C.N., Purdom E., Dethlefsen L., Sargent M., Gill S.R., Nelson K.E., Relman D.A. Diversity of the human intestinal microbial flora. Science, 2005, 308, 1635–1638.
  • 40. Edmonds J., Macauley D., Tyndall A., Liew M., Alexander K., Geczy A., Bashir H., Lymphocytotoxicity of anti-Klebsiella antisera in ankylosing spondylitis and related arthropathies: patient and family studies. Arthritis Rheum., 1981, 24, 1–7.
  • 41. Elmer G.W., Surawicz C.M., McFarland L.V., Biotherapeutic agents: A neglected modality for the treatment and prevention of selected intestinal and vaginal infections. JAMA., 1996, 275, 870–876.
  • 42. Emenaker N.J., Calaf G.M., Cox D., Basson M.D., Qureshi N., Short-chain fatty acids inhibit invasive human colon cancer by modulating uPA, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, Mutant p53, Bcl-2, Bax, p21 and PCNA protein expression in an in vitro cell culture model. J. Nutr., 2001, 131, 3041S-3046S.
  • 43. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 2002 at [http://www.accessdata. fda.gov/scripts/fcn/gras_notices/219363A.PDF].
  • 44. Fooks L.J., Gibson G.R., Probiotics as modulators of the gut flora. Br. J. Nutr, 2002, 88, S39–49.
  • 45. Franck A., Technological functionality of inulin and oligofructose. Br. J. Nutr, 2002, 87, S287–291.
  • 46. Franck A., Inulin. 2006, in: Food Polysaccharides and Their Applications, Second Edition, Chapter 10, (eds. Alistair M. Stephen A.M., Williams P.A.). CRC Press, p. 338.
  • 47. Franck P., Moneret-Vautrin D.A., Morisset M., Kanny G., Megret- Gabeaux M.L., Olivier J.L., Anaphylactic reaction to inulin: first identification of specific IgEs to an inulin protein compound. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol., 2005, 136, 155–158.
  • 48. Furrie E., Macfarlane S., Kennedy A., Cummings J.H., Walsh S.V., O’Neil D.A., Macfarlane G.T., Synbiotic therapy (Bifidobacterium longum/Synergy 1) initiates resolution of inflammation in patients with active ulcerative colitis: a randomised controlled pilot trial. Gut, 2005, 54, 242–249.
  • 49. Gay-Crosier F., Schreiber G., Hauser C., Anaphylaxis from inulin in vegetables and processed food. N. Engl. J. Med., 2000, 342, 1372.
  • 50. Georgopoulos K., Dick W.C., Goodacre J.A., Pain R.H., A reinvestigation of the cross-reactivity between Klebsiella and HLA-B27 in the aetiology of ankylosing spondylitis. Clin. Exp. Immunol., 1985, 62, 662–671.
  • 51. Geczy A.F., Yap J., A survey of isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae which cross-react with HLA-B27-associated cell-surface structure on the lymphocytes of patients with ankylosing spondylitis. J. Rheumatol., 1982, 9, 97–100.
  • 52. Gibson G.R., Wang X., Regulatory effects of bifidobacteria on the growth of other colonic bacteria. J. Appl. Bacteriol., 1994, 77, 412–420.
  • 53. Gibson G.R., Roberfroid M.B., Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: Introducing the concept of prebiotics. J. Nutr., 1995, 125, 1401–1412.
  • 54. Gibson G.R., Beatty E.R., Wang X., Cummings J.H., Selective stimulation of bifidobacteria in the human colon by oligofructose and inulin. Gastroenterology, 1995, 108, 975–982.
  • 55. Gottschall E., © 2005 Breaking the Vicious Cycle; Specific Carbohydrate Diet™ [http://www.breakingtheviciouscycle.info/knowledge_base/kb/inulin.htm].
  • 56. Guarner F., Studies with inulin-type fructans on intestinal infections, permeability, and inflammation. J. Nutr., 2007, 137, 2568S-2571S.
  • 57. Halliday J., East needs education on healthy concepts: Beneo Orafti. 2008 at [http://www.nutraingredients.com/Industry/Eastneeds-education-on-healthy-concepts-Beneo-Orafti].
  • 58. Hachulla E., Houvenagel E., Mingui A., Vincent G., Laine A., Reactive arthritis after hepatitis B vaccination. J. Rheumatol., 1990, 17, 1250–1251.
  • 59. Haskey N., Dahl W.J., Synbiotic therapy improves quality of life and reduces symptoms in pediatric ulcerative colitis. ICAN: Infant, Child, & Adolescent Nutr., 2009, 1, 88–93.
  • 60. Hassan W., Oldham R., Reiter’s syndrome and reactive arthritis in health care workers after vaccination. BMJ, Jul 1994, 309, 94.
  • 61. Helliwell P.A., Richardson M., Affleck J., Kellett G.L., Stimulation of fructose transport across the intestinal brush-border membrane by PMA is mediated by GLUT2 and dynamically regulated by protein kinase C. Biochem J., 2000, 350, 149–154.
  • 62. Hunter T., Harding G.K., Kaprove R.E., Schroeder M.L., Fecal carriage of various Klebsiella and Enterobacter species in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Rheum., 1981, 24, 106–108.
  • 63. Hvatum M., Kanerud L., Hällgren R., Brandtzaeg P., The gut– joint axis: cross reactive food antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis. Gut, 2006, 55, 1240–1247.
  • 64. Jain P.K., McNaught C.E., Anderson A.D., MacFie J., Mitchell C.J., Influence of synbiotic containing Lactobacillus acidophilus La5, Bifidobacterium lactis Bb 12, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and oligofructose on gut barrier function and sepsis in critically ill patients: a randomised controlled trial. Clin. Nutr., 2004, 23, 467–475.
  • 65. Kapoor A.K., Khanna S., Das S.K., Agrawal S., Bhushan V., Possible role of streptokinase-induced delayed hypersensitivity and eosinophilia in pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis. Indian J. Pathol. Microbiol., 1993, 36, 277–281.
  • 66. Kaur N., Gupta A.K., Applications of inulin and oligofructose in health and nutrition. J. Biosci, 2002, 27, 703–714.
  • 67. Khan M.A., Ankylosing Spondylitis: the Facts, 2002a, 1st edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 1–193.
  • 68. Khan M.A., Update on spondyloarthropathies. Ann. Intern. Med., 2002b, 136, 896–907.
  • 69. Khan MA., Akkoc N., Ten key recommendations for the management of ankylosing spondylitis. Nat. Clin. Pract. Rheumatol., 2006, 2, 468–469.
  • 70. Kinsella T.D., Lanteigne C., Fritzler M.J., Lewkonia R.M., Absence of impaired lymphocyte transformation to Klebsiella spp. in ankylosing spondylitis. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 1984, 43, 590–593.
  • 71. Kleessen B., Sykura B., Zunft H.J., Blaut M., Effects of inulin and lactose on fecal microflora, microbial activity, and bowel habit in elderly constipated persons. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 1997, 65, 1397–1402.
  • 72. Kolida S., Gibson G.R., Prebiotic capacity of inulin-type fructans. J. Nutr., 2007, 137, 2503S-2506S.
  • 73. Kolida S., Meyer D., Gibson G.R., A double-blind placebo-controlled study to establish the bifidogenic dose of inulin in healthy humans. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 2007, 61, 1189–1195.
  • 74. Kotzampassi K., Giamarellos-Bourboulis E.J., Voudouris A., Kazamias P., Eleftheriadis E., Benefits of a synbiotic formula (Synbiotic 2000Forte) in critically Ill trauma patients: early results of a randomized controlled trial. World J. Surg., 2006, 30, 1848–1855.
  • 75. van-Kregten E., Huber-Bruning O., Vandenbroucke J.P., Willers J.M., No conclusive evidence of an epidemiological relation between Klebsiella and ankylosing spondylitis. J. Rheumatol., 1991, 18, 384–388.
  • 76. Kuberski T.T., Morse H.G., Rate R.G., Bonnell M.D., Increased recovery of Klebsiella from the gastrointestinal tract of Reiter’s syndrome and ankylosing spondylitis patients. Rheumatology, 1983, 22, 85–90.
  • 77. Lahesmaa R., Skurnik M., Vaara M., Leirisalo-Repo M., Nissila M., Granfors K., Toivanen P., Molecular mimickry between HLA B27 and Yersinia, Salmonella, Shigella and Klebsiella within the same region of HLA alpha 1-helix. Clin. Exp. Immunol., 1991, 86, 399–404.
  • 78. Lahesmaa R., Skurnik M., Toivanen P., Molecular mimicry: any role in the pathogenesis of spondyloarthropathies? Immunol. Res., 1993, 12, 193–208.
  • 79. Lamarque D., Van Nhieu J.T., Breban M., Bernardeau C., Martin- Garcia N., Szepes Z., Delchier J.C., Whittle B., Claudepierre P., Lymphocytic infiltration and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in human duodenal and colonic mucosa is a characteristic feature of ankylosing spondylitis. J. Rheumatol., 2003, 30, 2428–2436.
  • 80. Leenen C.H.M., Dieleman L.A., Inulin and oligofructose in chronic inflammatory bowel disease. J. Nutr., 2007, 137, 2572S-2575S.
  • 81. Letexier D., Diraison F., Beylot M., Addition of inulin to a moderately high-carbohydrates diet reduces hepatic lipogenesis and plasma triacylglycerol concentrations in humans. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 2003, 77, 559–564.
  • 82. Lindsay J.O., Whelan K., Stagg A.J., Gobin P., Al-Hassi H.O., Rayment N., Kamm M.A., Knight S.C., Forbes A., Clinical, microbiological, and immunological effects of fructo-oligosaccharide in patients with Crohn’s disease. Gut, 2006, 55, 348–355.
  • 83. Loh G., Eberhard M., Brunner R.M., Hennig U., Kuhla S., Kleessen B., Metges C.C., Inulin alters the intestinal microbiota and short-chain fatty acid concentrations in growing pigs regardless of their basal diet. J. Nutr., 2006, 136, 1198–1202.
  • 84. van-Loo J., Coussement P., de-Leenheer L., Hoebregs H., Smits G., On the presence of inulin and oligofructose as natural ingredients in the western diet. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 1995, 35, 525–552.
  • 85. Macfarlane S., Macfarlane G.T., Composition and metabolic activities of bacterial biofilms colonizing food residues in the human gut. Appl. Envir. Microbiol., 2006a, 72, 6204–6211.
  • 86. Macfarlane S., Macfarlane GT., Cummings J.H., Review article: prebiotics in the gastrointestinal tract. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther, 2006b, 24, 701–714.
  • 87. MacLean I.L., Archer J.R., Cawley M.I., Kidd B.L., O’Hara B.P., Pegley F.S., Thompson P.W., Immune complexes in ankylosing spondylitis. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 1992, 51, 83–86.
  • 88. Mäki-Ikola O., Hällgren R., Kanerud L., Feltelius N., Knutsson L., Granfors K., Enhanced jejunal production of antibodies to Klebsiella and other Enterobacteria in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 1997a, 56, 421–425.
  • 89. Mäki-Ikola O., Leirisalo-Repo M., Turunen U., Granfors K., Association of gut inflammation with increased serum IgA class Klebsiella antibody concentrations in patients with axial ankylosing spondylitis (AS): implication for different aetiopathogenetic mechanisms for axial and peripheral AS? Ann. Rheum. Dis., 1997b, 56, 180–183.
  • 90. Mielants H., De-Vos M., Goemaere S., Schelstraete K., Cuvelier C, Goethals K., Maertens M., Ackerman C., Veys E.M., Intestinal mucosal permeability in inflammatory rheumatic diseases. II. Role of disease. J. Rheumatol., 1991, 18, 394–400.
  • 91. Miyauchi S., Gopal E., Fei Y-J., Ganapathy V., Functional identification of SLC5A8, a tumor suppressor down-regulated in colon cancer, as a Na+-coupled transporter for short-chain fatty acids. J. Biol. Chem., 2004, 279, 13293–13296.
  • 92. Moro G., Arslanoglu S., Stahl B., Jelinek J., Wahn U., Boehm G.A., mixture of prebiotic oligosaccharides reduces the incidence of atopic dermatitis during the first six months of age. Arch. Dis. Child., 2006, 91, 814–819.
  • 93. Moshfegh A.J., Friday J.E., Goldman J.P., Chug Ahuja J.K.j, Presence of inulin and oligofructose in the diets of Americans. J. Nutr., 1999, 129, 1407–1411.
  • 94. Natren 2003 web site; [http://store.natren.com/Merchant2/merchant.mvc?Store_Code=N&Screen=CTGY&Category_Code=advice].
  • 95. Niness K., Inulin and oligofructose: What are they? J. Nutr., 1999, 129, 1402S-1406S.
  • 96. Ochuba G.U., von-Riesen V.L., Fermentation of polysaccharides by Klebsielleae and other facultative bacilli. Appl. Envir. Microbiol., 1980, 39, 988–992.
  • 97. Olah O., Belagyi T., Poto L., Romics L., Jr., Bengmark S., Synbiotic control of inflammation and infection in severe acute pancreatitis: a prospective, randomized, double blind study. Hepatogastroenterology, 2007, 54, 590–594.
  • 98. Ogrendik M., Treatment of ankylosing spondylitis with moxifloxacin. South. Med. J., 2007, 100/4, 366–370.
  • 99. Olivieri I., Gemignani G., Christou C., Semeria R., Giustarini S., Pasero G., The triggering role of physical injury in the onset of peripheral arthritis in seronegative spondyloarthropathy. Rheumatol. Int., 1991, 10, 251–253.
  • 100. O’Mahony M., Anderson N., Nuki G., Ferguson A., Systemic and mucosal antibodies to Klebsiella in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and Crohn’s disease. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 1992, 51, 1296–1300.
  • 101. Pollanen R., Sillat T., Pajarinen J., Levon J., Kaivosoja E., Konttinen Y.T., Microbial antigens mediate HLA-B27 diseases via TLRs. J. Autoimmun., 2009, 32, 172–177.
  • 102. Rao S., Srinivasjois R., Patole S., Prebiotic supplementation in full-term neonates: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med., 2009, 163, 755–764.
  • 103. Rashid T., Ebringer A., Ankylosing spondylitis is linked to Klebsiella – the evidence. Clin. Rheumatol., 2007a, 26, 858–864.
  • 104. Rashid T., Ebringer A., Rheumatoid arthritis is linked to Proteus – the evidence. Clin. Rheumatol., Jul 2007b, 26, 1036–1043.
  • 105. Rastall R.A., Gibson G.R., Gill H.S., Guarner F., Klaenhammer T.R., Pot B., Reid G., Rowland I.R., Sanders M.E., Modulation of the microbial ecology of the human colon by probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics to enhance human health: an overview of enabling science and potential applications. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., 2005, 52, 145–152.
  • 106. Rayes N., Seehofer D., Hansen S., Boucsein K., Muller A.R., Serke S., Bengmark S., Neuhaus P., Early enteral supply of lactobacillus and fiber versus selective bowel decontamination: a controlled trial in liver transplant recipients. Transplantation, 2002a, 74, 123–127.
  • 107. Rayes N., Seehofer D., Muller A.R., Hansen S., Bengmark S., Neuhaus P., Influence of probiotics and fibre on the incidence of bacterial infections following major abdominal surgery – results of a prospective trial. Z. Gastroenterol., 2002b, 40, 869–876.
  • 108. Roberfroid M.B., Van Loo J.A.E., Gibson G.R., The bifidogenic nature of chicory inulin and its hydrolysis products. J. Nutr., 1998, 128, 11–19.
  • 109. Roberfroid M.B., Caloric value of inulin and oligofructose. J. Nutr., 1999, 129, 1436.
  • 110. Roberfroid M.B., Inulin-type fructans: Functional food ingredients. J. Nutr., 2007a, 137, 2493S-2502S.
  • 111. Roberfroid M., Prebiotics: The concept revisited. J. Nutr., 2007b, 137, 830S–837S.
  • 112. Rossi M., Corradini C., Amaretti A., Nicolini M., Pompei A., Zanoni S., Matteuzzi D., Fermentation of fructooligosaccharides and inulin by Bifidobacteria: a comparative study of pure and fecal cultures. Appl. Envir. Microbiol., 2005, 71, 6150– 6158.
  • 113. Rowley A.H., Baker S.C., Orenstein J.M., Shulman S.T., Searching for the cause of Kawasaki disease – cytoplasmic inclusion bodies provide new insight. Nat. Rev. Microbiol., 2008, 6, 394–401.
  • 114. Rumessen J.J., Fructose and related food carbohydrates. Sources, intake, absorption, and clinical implications. Scand. J. Gastroenterol., 1992, 27, 819–828.
  • 115. Rumessen J.J., Gudmand-Hoyer E., Fructans of chicory: intestinal transport and fermentation of different chain lengths and relation to fructose and sorbitol malabsorption. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 1998, 68, 357–364.
  • 116. Russell A.S., Suarez Almazor M.E., Ankylosing spondylitis is not caused by Klebsiella. Rheum. Dis. Clin. North Am., 1992, 18, 95–104.
  • 117. Scholz-Ahrens K.E., Schrezenmeir F., Inulin and oligofructose and mineral metabolism: The evidence from animal trials. J. Nutr., 2007, 137, 2513S-2523S.
  • 118. Schwimmbeck P.L., Yu D.T., Oldstone M.B., Autoantibodies to HLA B27 in the sera of HLA B27 patients with ankylosing spondylitis and Reiter’s syndrome. Molecular mimicry with Klebsiella pneumoniae as potential mechanism of autoimmune disease. J. Exp. Med., 1987, 166, 173.
  • 119. Sheehan N.J., The ramifications of HLA-B27. J. R. Soc. Med., 2004, 97, 10 -14.
  • 120. Shepherd S.J., Gibson P.R., Fructose malabsorption and symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome: guidelines for effective dietary management. J. Am. Diet Assoc., 2006, 106, 1631–1639.
  • 121. Singh B., Milton J.D., Woodrow J.C., Ankylosing spondylitis, HLA-B27, and Klebsiella: a study of lymphocyte reactivity of anti-Klebsiella sera. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 1986, 45, 190–197.
  • 122. Smieja M., MacPherson D.W., Kean W., Schmuck M.L, Goldsmith C.H., Buchanan W., Hart L.E., Mahony J.B., Randomised, blinded, placebo controlled trial of doxycycline for chronic seronegative arthritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 2001, 60,1088–1094.
  • 123. Spondylitis Association of America © 2009 All Rights Reserved [http://www.spondylitis.org/about/diet_lowstarch.aspx].
  • 124. Sprenkels S.H., Van-Kregten E., Feltkamp T.E., IgA antibodies against Klebsiella and other Gram-negative bacteria in ankylosing spondylitis and acute anterior uveitis. Clin. Rheumatol., 1996, 15, 48–51.
  • 125. Starling S., Prebiotics going strong despite price rise: Nutra Ingredients.com 2009 at [http://www.nutraingredients.com/Industry/Prebiotics-going-strong-despite-price-rise].
  • 126. Stebbings S., Munro K., Simon M.A., Tannock G., Highton J., Harmsen H., Welling G., Seksik P., Dore J., Grame G., Tilsala‑Timisjarvi A., Comparison of the faecal microflora of patients with ankylosing spondylitis and controls using molecular methods of analysis. Rheumatology, 2002, 41, 1395–1401.
  • 127. Stewart M.L., Timm D.A., Slavin J.L., Fructooligosaccharides exhibit more rapid fermentation than long-chain inulin in an in vitro fermentation system. Nutr. Res., 2008, 28, 329–334.
  • 128. Stone M.A., Payne U., Schentag C., Rahman P., Pacheco-Tena C., Inman R.D., Comparative immune responses to candidate arthritogenic bacteria do not confirm a dominant role for Klebsiella pneumonia in the pathogenesis of familial ankylosing spondylitis. Rheumatology, 2004, 43, 148–155.
  • 129. Strieder T.G., Wenzel B.E., Prummel M.F., Tijssen J.G.,Wiersinga W.M., Increased prevalence of antibodies to enteropathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica virulence proteins in relatives of patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. Clin. Exp. Immunol., 2003, 132, 278–282.
  • 130. Szponar L., Sekula W., Rychlik E., Oltarzewski M., Figurska K., Household Food Consumption and Anthropometric Survey. 2003, National Food and Nutrition Institute, Warsaw, Poland, pp. 216–219 (in Polish).
  • 131. Tenembaum S., Chitnis T., Ness J., Hahn J.S., Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis for the International Pediatric MS Study Group. Neurology, 2007, 68, S23–S36.
  • 132. Tiwana H., Walmsley R.S., Wilson C., Yiannakou J.Y., Ciclitira P.J., Wakefield A.J., Ebringer A., Characterization of the humoral immune response to Klebsiella species in inflammatory bowel disease and ankylosing spondylitis. Rheumatology, 1998, 37, 525–531.
  • 133. Toivanen P., Hansen D.S., Mestre F., Lehtonen L., Vaahtovuo J., Vehma M., Möttönen T., Saario R., Luukkainen R., Nissilä M., Somatic serogroups, capsular types, and species of fecal Klebsiella in patients with Aankylosing spondylitis. J. Clin. Microbiol., 1999, 37, 2808–2812.
  • 134. Topping D.L., Clifton P.M., Short-chain fatty acids and human colonic function: Roles of resistant starch and nonstarch polysaccharides. Physiol. Rev., 2001, 81, 1031–1064.
  • 135. Truswell A.S., Seach J.M., Thorburn A.W., Incomplete absorption of pure fructose in healthy subjects and the facilitating effect of glucose. Am. J. Clin Nutr., 1988, 48, 1424–1430.
  • 136. Tsinalis D., Thiel G.T., An easy to calculate equation to estimate GFR based on inulin clearance. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., 2009, 24, 3055–3061.
  • 137. Tuohy K.M., Kolida S., Lustenberger A.M., Gibson G.R., The prebiotic effects of biscuits containing partially hydrolysed guar gum and fructo-oligosaccharides – a human volunteer study. Br. J. Nutr., 2001, 86, 341–348.
  • 138. Tuohy K., Inulin-type fructans in healthy aging. J. Nutr., 2007, 137, 2590S–2593S.
  • 139. Valyshev A.V., Kirillov V.A., Kirillov D.A., Bukharin O.V., The effect of inulin on the biological properties of enterobacteria. Zh. Mikrobiol. Epidemiol. Immunobiol., 2000, 1, 79–80.
  • 140. Veereman G., Pediatric applications of inulin and oligofructose. J. Nutr., 2007, 137, 2585S-2589S.
  • 141. de-Vries D.D., Dekker-Saeys A.J., Gyodi E., Bohm U., Ivanyi P., Absence of autoantibodies to peptides shared by HLAB27.5 and Klebsiella pneumoniae nitrogenase in serum samples from HLA-B27 positive patients with ankylosing spondylitis and Reiter’s syndrome. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 1992, 51, 783–789.
  • 142. Weaver C.M., Inulin, oligofructose and bone health: experimental approaches and mechanisms. Br. J. Nutr., 2005, 93, S99-S103.
  • 143. Wendling D., Bidet A., Guidet M., Intestinal permeability in ankylosing spondylitis. J. Rheumatol., 1990, 17, 114–115.
  • 144. Wilson C., Rashid T., Tiwana H., Beyan H., Hughes L., Bansal S., Ebringer A., Binder A., Cytotoxicity responses to peptide antigens in rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. J. Rheumatol., 2003, 30, 972–978.
  • 145. Wong J.M.W., Jenkins D.J.A., Carbohydrate digestibility and metabolic effects. J. Nutr., 2007, 137, 2539S-2546S.
  • 146. Yasawy M.I., Folsch U.R., Schmidt W.E., Schwend M., Adult hereditary fructose intolerance. World J. Gastroenterol., 2009, 15, 2412–2413.
  • 147. Zochling J., van-der-Heijde D., Dougados M., Braun J., Current evidence for the management of ankylosing spondylitis: a systematic literature review for the ASAS/EULAR management recommendations in ankylosing spondylitis. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 2006, 65, 423–432.

Uwagi

PL
Rekord w opracowaniu

Typ dokumentu

Bibliografia

Identyfikatory

Identyfikator YADDA

bwmeta1.element.agro-28ae54b6-f18b-480e-961b-f88c2c304457
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.